German local government under the double impact of democratic and administrative reforms

Author(s):  
Hellmut Wollmann
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 58-72
Author(s):  
Alejandro Mendoza Jaramillo

Resumen: El presente trabajo hace un breve recorrido por las lógicas y procesos de gestión urbanística en torno a uno de los fenómenos de ocupación del suelo más difundidos en las ciudades latinoamericanas - urbanizaciones cerradas -, aterrizado en el municipio de Chía-Colombia. Interesa develar las particularidades y similitudes en la instalación de ese producto inmobiliario y la gestión urbanística habida en el nivel local de gobierno en perspectiva comparativa. La hipótesis que fundamenta la investigación, es que la gestión urbanística de las urbanizaciones cerradas comenzó a recaer de manera importante sobre el nivel de gobierno local a partir de las reformas administrativas ocurridas en las reformas administrativas ocurridas en la inflexión 1990-2000, lo cual generó una contradicción entre un fenómeno territorial con implicancias metropolitanas, los cuales resultaron en normativas fragmentarias que buscaron regular las urbanizaciones cerradas y viabilizar o legalizar los emprendimientos generados fuera del marco normativo vigente. La propuesta metodológica e instrumental, se considera la investigación desde una perspectiva hipotético-deductiva. Se remite a un estudio retrospectivo de un fenómeno en un territorio específico. Se evidencia un panorama en el que lo instrumentos normativos resultan insuficientes e ineficientes para llevar a cabo una gestión urbanística integral, lo que comprobaría que la localización intensiva de urbanizaciones cerradas a lo largo y ancho del territorio municipal, es producto del aprovechamiento por parte del mercado inmobiliario de los vacíos legales existentes además de la sucesiva reformulación de los instrumentos ya vigentes para darles un sustento legal. ___Palabras clave: urbanizaciones cerradas, Chía, gestión urbanística. ___Abstract: This paper makes a brief tour of the logical planning and management processes around one of the most widespread phenomena occupation of land in Latin American cities –gated communities– landed in the town of Chia-Colombia. It is important to reveal the peculiarities and similarities in the real estate product installation and the urban management at the local government level in comparative perspective. The hypothesis underlying the research is that the urban management of gated communities began to fall significantly on the level of local government from administrative reforms occurred in 1990-2000 inflection, which generated a contradiction between a territorial phenomenon with metropolitan implications, which resulted in fragmentary legislation that sought to regulate gated communities and implement or legalize projects generated outside the existing regulatory framework. With respect to the methodological and instrumental proposal, a research is considered from a hypothetical-deductive perspective. It refers to a retrospective study of a phenomenon in a specific territory. A scenario in which the policy instruments are insufficient and inefficient to conduct a comprehensive urban management, which would prove that intensive gated location across the municipal territory is the product of property market exploitation, by the evidence of legal loopholes in addition to the successive reformulation of the instruments already in place to give them a legal basis. ___Keywords: gated communities, Chía, urban management. ___Recibido: 19 de julio de 2015. Aceptado: 15 de septiembre de 2015.


Author(s):  
Tofail Ahmed

The author argued that the absence of a local governance policy is a priority governance problem in Bangladesh, which affects effective implementation of decentralisation policies and programmes sporadically undertaken from time to time. Democratic decentralisation in line with fiscal autonomy and local administrative reforms have been in limbo for over three decades. The absence of a clear policy affects institutional linkages of the local government bodies. In some cases overlapping of functions are evidenced in different local government institutions, while in other cases lack of coordination and inter-agency cooperation are also evident. More importantly, unless Bangladesh does develop an aggregated local governance policy, it will not have a vision and road map for development of local governance.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 573-577
Author(s):  
Aurora Ndreu

The purpose of this article is to file the administrative-territorial reforms, conducted by Poland and Czech Republic, in a comparative point of view. This study has been done conducted on unitary former communist countries such as Poland, Czech Republic and Croatia, which resemble Albania as a result of their past. Looking at the historical evolution of reforms in these countries with different local governance systems, and analysis of the latest developments will give us a deeper knowledge about the topic.This comparison would address reforms of the political bodies of local government (such as those relating to political accountability and decision-making in local government), with regard to administrative structures, because only by looking at both sides of the currency of the local government can we get a complete picture of the changes and improvements to be made.Comparison aims at providing knowledge about the terminology and concepts used in the comparison of countries and characteristics of each country in connection with the territorial administrative reforms carried out, followed by a reformation of the local government.


Rural History ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID FLETCHER

This paper examines aspects of the social meaning of the parish boundary in Hanoverian England. The parish touched most people's lives through its role as a form of local government and as a significant landscape feature which defined a circuit of territory to which local people may have felt an allegiance. Evidence for the social meaning of boundaries is found in acts of boundary marking and related perambulation ceremonies and through written records, sometimes involving maps. The paper draws on a contrasting range of cases from a variety of counties with different landscape and settlement types in the century or so before the local government and administrative reforms of the 1830s – a time of significant change in central-local government relations. The paper evaluates the significance of the parish as principal repository of detailed information on its own boundaries in our period, with a premium placed on local knowledge, especially of the older parishioners. It is also suggested that acts of boundary recording could enhance a sense of parish consciousness and community.


2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
Gudmund Valderhaug
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Alfred Eboh

Background: The hawking of wares by children has been a serious issue confronting the Nigerian society. Children hawk in some of the most horrible conditions conceivable, where they face a serious risk of injury, chronic illness, kidnapping, rape or death. Objective: The focus of this study was to assess the perceived effects of street hawking on the well-being of children in Anyigba, Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State. Methods: The population of this study consists of parents of the street hawkers in Anyigba while cross-sectional survey design was used through the purposive sampling technique to choose the sample size of one hundred and sixty-two (162) respondents. The validated structured questionnaire and In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) served as the instruments for the data collection respectively. The hypotheses were tested using Chi-Square at a predetermined 0.05 level of significance. The quantitative data were analysed with the aid of the SPSS (version 20). Results: The results indicated among others that street hawking had significant social implications and physical consequences on children's moral behaviour as well as health status in the study area. Conclusion: The study, therefore, concluded that the government of Kogi State should carry out an enlightenment campaign through the media and religious institutions on the negative consequences of street hawking are recommended as panacea. Also, the child right act instrument and its implementation should be strengthened in order to curb street hawking in the study area.


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