Sulfur Dioxide, Carbon Dioxide, and Water Vapor Flux Measurements Utilizing a Microprocessor-Controlled Data Acquisition System in A Pine Plantation

1985 ◽  
pp. 133-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lorenz ◽  
Charles E. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Acquisition System ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Water Vapor Flux ◽  
Vapor Flux ◽  
Flux Measurements

Water Vapor Flux Measurements from Aircraft

1991 ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Desjardins ◽  
J. I. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Vapor Flux ◽  
Vapor Flux ◽  
Flux Measurements

scholarly journals Data Acquisition System Prototype of the ITER Diagnostic Divertor Neutron Flux Monitor Testing at Research Nuclear Facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
E.S. Martazov ◽  
Yu.A. Paryshkin ◽  
N.A. Selyaev ◽  
V.A. Fedorov ◽  
V.A. Vorobev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Flux ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Acquisition System ◽  
Flux Monitor ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Detector Module ◽  
Pulsed Reactor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flux Measurements

The Divertor nuclear flux monitor (DNFM) is one of the ITER neutron diagnostics. This diagnostic consists of the three same subsystems. Each subsystem concludes the detector module with fission chambers (FCs) and the data acquisition system (DAQ). To solve the task of the neutron flux measurements in the range of 7 orders of magnitude and 1 ms of time resolution the multidetector module is used. To confirm the possibility of the neutron flux measurements in a wide range using such a detector module and to evaluate the characteristics of the DAQ prototype a number of tests were carried out under conditions of the intense neutron radiation. The detector module and the DAQ, which are the prototype of the equipment planned for use on site were used for the tests. The tests were carried out at the plasma neutron diagnostic stand based on the NG-24M neutron generator and at the IBR-2 pulsed reactor of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. During the tests at the plasma neutron diagnostic stand the data for the calibration of the DNFM DAQ measuring channels were collected. During the tests at the IBR-2 pulsed reactor the signals from the measuring channels of the DNFM subsystem were obtained while the neutron flux was changed. This report shows the test results and the subsystem calibration techniques.

scholarly journals Comparative measurements of water vapor fluxes over a tall forest using open- and closed-path eddy covariance system

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4123-4131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Wu ◽  
X. Y. Zhou ◽  
A. Z. Wang ◽  
F. H. Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Sonic Anemometer ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Surface Energy Budget ◽  
Closed Path ◽  
Water Vapor Flux ◽  
Vapor Flux ◽  
Flux Measurements

Abstract. Eddy covariance using infrared gas analyzes has been a useful tool for gas exchange measurements between soil, vegetation and the atmosphere. So far, comparisons between the open- and closed-path eddy covariance (CP) system have been extensively made on CO2 flux estimations, while lacking in the comparison of water vapor flux estimations. In this study, the specific performance of water vapor flux measurements of an open-path eddy covariance (OP) system was compared against a CP system over a tall temperate forest in northeastern China. The results show that the fluxes from the OP system (LEop) were generally greater than the LEcp though the two systems shared one sonic anemometer. The tube delay of closed-path analyzer depended on relative humidity, and the fixed median time lag contributed to a significant underestimation of LEcp between the forest and atmosphere, while slight systematic overestimation was also found for covariance maximization method with single broad time lag search window. After the optimized time lag compensation was made, the average difference between the 30 min LEop and LEcp was generally within 6.0 %. Integrated over the annual cycle, the CP system yielded a 5.1 % underestimation of forest evapotranspiration as compared to the OP system measurements (493 vs. 469 mm yr−1). This study indicates the importance to estimate the sampling tube delay accurately for water vapor flux calculations with closed-path analyzers, and it also suggests that some of the imbalance of the surface energy budget in flux sites is possibly caused by the systematic underestimation of water vapor fluxes measured with closed-path eddy covariance systems.

scholarly journals Comparative measurements of water vapor fluxes over a tall forest using open- and closed-path eddy covariance system

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 4711-4736
Author(s):  
J. B. Wu ◽  
X. Y. Zhou ◽  
A. Z. Wang ◽  
F. H. Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Sonic Anemometer ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Closed Path ◽  
Water Vapor Flux ◽  
Vapor Flux ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Eddy Covariance System

Abstract. Eddy covariance using infrared gas analyses has been a useful tool for gas exchange measurements between soil, vegetation and atmosphere. So far, comparisons between the open- and closed-path eddy covariance (CP) system have been extensively made on CO2 flux estimations, while lacking in the comparison of water vapor flux estimations. In this study, the specific performance of water vapor flux measurements of an open-path eddy covariance (OP) system was compared against a CP system over a tall temperate forest in Northeast China. The results show that the fluxes from the OP system (LEop) were generally greater than the (LEcp though the two systems shared one sonic anemometer. The tube delay of closed-path analyser depended on relative humidity, and the fixed median time lag contributed to a significant underestimation of (LEcp between the forest and atmosphere, while slight systematic overestimation was also found for covariance maximization method with single broad time lag search window. After the optimized time lag compensation was made, the average difference between the 30 min (LEop and (LEcp was generally within 6%. Integrated over the annual cycle, the CP system yielded a 5.1% underestimation of forest evapotranspiration as compared to the OP system measurements (493 vs. 469 mm yr−1). This study indicates the importance to estimate the sampling tube delay accurately for water vapor flux calculations with closed-path analysers, and it also suggests that when discuss the energy balance closure problem in flux sites with closed-path eddy covariance systems, it has to be aware that some of the imbalance is possibly caused by the systematic underestimation of water vapor fluxes.

Improved eddy covariance flux based transpiration estimates at high relative humidity and comparison to sap flux

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Zhang ◽  
Jacob A. Nelson ◽  
Rafael Poyatos ◽  
Diego Miralles ◽  
Mirco Migliavacca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Closed Path ◽  
Sap Flux ◽  
Water Vapor Flux ◽  
Vapor Flux ◽  
Flux Measurements

<p>Eddy covariance (EC) directly measures evapotranspiration (ET), which consists of transpiration and evaporation (E) from the soil and other surfaces. For process understanding it is pivotal to separate ET into its components. Yet, its computation is highly sensitive to the methodology used to estimate T. Among the multiple methods proposed in recent years, T has been estimated from EC via the Transpiration Estimation Algorithm (TEA, Nelson et al., 2020), and from the sap flux measurement network SAPFLUXNET (Poyatos et al., 2020). These methods are applicable to a large number of measurement sites worldwide, and can help constrain the global estimates of the ratio of T to ET, T/ET. While EC measures water and carbon fluxes across ecosystems globally, water vapor flux measurements can be underestimated at high relative humidity (Ibrom et al., 2007; Mammarella et al., 2009) causing errors in the measured ET and propagating into the predicted T.</p><p>Here we report a method to detect and correct the high relative humidity error caused by attenuation of high frequency in water vapor measurements of a closed-path EC system. Our results of the comparison between present water use efficiency (WUE) with previous TEA-based WUE show that the corrected WUE is lower at high relative humidity than that derived from previous TEA at the sub-daily scale. Besides, we compare the corrected T estimates from EC to concurrent SAPFLUXNET sites to show an improved relationship between sap flux and EC based T, T/ET, and WUE. Finally, we explore the main abiotic factors, such as vapor pressure deficit, air temperature, and precipitation, influencing WUE estimated from different T estimation methodologies. These results provide an improved data-driven approach to the ongoing research on ET partitioning and the factors influencing the WUE across ecosystems globally.</p><p> </p><p>Ibrom, A. et al. (2007) ‘Strong low-pass filtering effects on water vapour flux measurements with closed-path eddy correlation systems’, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.07.007.</p><p>Mammarella, I. et al. (2009) ‘Relative humidity effect on the high-frequency attenuation of water vapor flux measured by a closed-path eddy covariance system’, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. doi.org/10.1175/2009JTECHA1179.1.</p><p>Nelson, J. A. et al. (2020) ‘Ecosystem transpiration and evaporation: Insights from three water flux partitioning methods across FLUXNET sites’, Global Change Biology. doi: 10.1111/gcb.15314.</p><p>Poyatos, R. et al. (2020) ‘Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: the SAPFLUXNET database’, Earth System Science Data. doi:10.5194/essd-2020-227.</p>

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