Changes in Protein Synthesis and Degradation Involved in Enzyme Accumulation in Differentiating Liver

1973 ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Ballard ◽  
M. F. Hopgood ◽  
Lea Reshef ◽  
R. W. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

Competition for transport of amino acids into rat heart: Effect of competitors on protein synthesis and degradation

Metabolism ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 925-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando R. Tovar ◽  
Jean K. Tews ◽  
Nimbe Torres ◽  
David C. Madsen ◽  
Alfred E. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Protein Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

Human protein metabolism: its measurement and regulation

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (6) ◽  
pp. E1105-E1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenqi Liu ◽  
Eugene J. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Architectural Support ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Protein Pool ◽  
Tracer Kinetic ◽  
Protein Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

The body's protein mass not only provides architectural support for cells but also serves vital roles in maintaining their function and survival. The whole body protein pool, as well as that of individual tissues, is determined by the balance between the processes of protein synthesis and degradation. These in turn are regulated by interactions among hormonal, nutritional, neural, inflammatory, and other influences. Prolonged changes in either the synthetic or degradative processes (or both) that cause protein wasting increase morbidity and mortality. The application of tracer kinetic methods, combined with measurements of the activity of components of the cellular signaling pathways involved in protein synthesis and degradation, affords new insights into the regulation of both protein synthesis and breakdown in vivo. These insights, including those from studies of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, growth hormone, and amino acid-mediated regulation of muscle and whole body protein turnover, provide opportunities to develop and test therapeutic approaches with promise to minimize or prevent these adverse health consequences.

scholarly journals Comparison of protein synthesis and degradation in incubated and perfused muscle

1983 ◽  
Vol 212 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Clark ◽  
W E Mitch
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Protein Degradation ◽  
Protein Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

Rates of muscle protein synthesis and degradation measured in the perfused hindquarter were compared with those in incubated epitrochlearis muscles. With fed or starved mature rats, results without insulin treatment were identical. With insulin treatment, protein synthesis in perfused hindquarters was greater, though protein degradation was the same. Thus rates of muscle protein degradation estimated by these two methods in vitro correspond closely.

Effects of glucocorticoid treatment on cardiac protein synthesis and degradation

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (6) ◽  
pp. C821-C827 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Clark ◽  
G. N. DeMartino ◽  
K. Wildenthal
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Langendorff Perfusion ◽  
Perfused Hearts ◽  
Fasted Rats ◽  
Protein Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

We treated rats with dexamethasone (DEX, 1 mg . kg-1 . day-1) and examined the effects of this glucocorticoid on heart protein metabolism using atrial explant and Langendorff perfusion preparations. Fasted rats treated with DEX for 2 days had significantly lower body weights (92% of control, P less than 0.001) and larger hearts (106% of control, P less than 0.005) than fasted control animals. Protein and RNA concentrations remained constant. In atrial explants, DEX treatment produced a 19% increase in protein synthesis (P less than 0.001) and a 13% increase in protein degradation (P less than 0.002). In Langendorff-perfused hearts, DEX treatment caused a 36% increase in protein synthesis (P less than 0.02), while protein degradation was 8% above control (P greater than 0.05). Thus, in contrast to their catabolic effects on skeletal muscle, glucocorticoids are anabolic on the heart. The increased accumulation of total cardiac protein during early glucocorticoid administration is mediated entirely via increased rates of synthesis.

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