Population Aging and Health of Older People in Japan: Introduction of Health Issues and Care System for the Elderly

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ikuko Miyabayashi ◽  
Masakazu Washio ◽  
Tomoko Yanagimoto ◽  
Eric Fortin ◽  
Seiji Yasumura
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Aging And Health ◽  
Care System

scholarly journals Population aging and the historical development of intergenerational transfer systems

Genus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Intergenerational Transfers ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intergenerational Transfer ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Social Sharing ◽  
Private Transfers

Abstract From our evolutionary past, humans inherited a long period of child dependency, extensive intergenerational transfers to children, cooperative breeding, and social sharing of food. Older people continued to transfer a surplus to the young. After the agricultural revolution, population densities grew making land and residences valuable assets controlled by older people, leading to their reduced labor supply which made them net consumers. In some East Asian societies today, elders are supported by adult children but in most societies the elderly continue to make private net transfers to their children out of asset income or public pensions. Growing public intergenerational transfers have crowded out private transfers. In some high-income countries, the direction of intergenerational flows has reversed from downward to upwards, from young to old. Nonetheless, net private transfers remain strongly downward, from older to younger, everywhere in the world. For many but not all countries, projected population aging will bring fiscal instability unless there are major program reforms. However, in many countries population aging will reduce the net cost to adults of private transfers to children, partially offsetting the increased net costs to working age adults for public transfers to the elderly.

scholarly journals Polityka społeczna wobec ludzi starych w Polsce — uwarunkowania, rozwój i kierunki zmian

Ekonomia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Sylwia Wojtczak
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Older People ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Human And Social Capital

Social policy toward old people in Poland — conditions, development and directions of changesSocial policy shapes people’s living conditions. In the era of dynamic demographic changes, especially the aging of the population observed in Poland and across the world, the activity of the state focused on improving the quality of life of the elderly is particularly important. Population aging is a demographic process of increasing the proportion of older people while reducing the proportion of children in the society of a given country. Elderly people will continue to be a part of society, mainly due to the progress of civilization, advances in modern medicine and the popularization of so-called healthy living.Social policy toward the elderly should not be limited to managing the social security system and social welfare. Eff ective use of human and social capital of the elderly will be a growing challenge for this policy, and for senior citizens — spending satisfactorily the last years of one’s life. However, for some senior citizens, old age means or will mean poverty and living on the margins of civil society. The Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Polic y is responsible for the social policy of people in Poland, off ering for example in the years 2014–2020 to senior citizens such programs as “Senior +”, the Government Program for Social Activity of the Elderly ASOS or “Care 75+.” Each of the above programs have appropriate criteria that must be met to be able to use them. Are older people eager to use them, or are the eff ects of these programs already visible? This study will attempt to answer the above questions. The main purpose of the article is to diagnose and analyze selected government programs targeted at older people. In addition, perspectives for changes in social policy toward older people in Poland will be determined.

scholarly journals The conception of selected Technology Assessment method and the possibilities of TS application

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-242
Author(s):  
Andrzej Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older People ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
Rational Management

Abstract The article addresses the problem of population aging and the related problem of using and maintenance of technical means by the older persons. Such persons, as participants of the exploitation process, experience various problems. Therefore, the challenge is to adapt technical means to the needs of older people. The response of engineers to this challenge may be the technology assessment, which assumes the adoption of various achievements in the field of philosophy, sociology, psychology or other social sciences as tools for their work. The proposal for such a solution is presented in the article and it is an indicator that allows you to draw conclusions about the real needs of older people. The effect of calculations with its use is the Wi characterization in the function of the human age. This characteristic complements the characteristics obtained on the basis of empirical data about the behavior of a technical mean. The article also presents the possibilities of using the discussed indicator. These include: improving the quality of life of users of technical means at various ages through rational management of company resources, improving the quality of life of users through user-centered design, exclusion from exploitation by the elderly technical means/their components based on social technology assessment, analysis and optimization of needs people of different ages, modeling the movement of older people, elimination of social exclusion of older people, improving the quality of life of people of all ages through appropriate knowledge management.

Silver Economy: A Mapping of Actors and Trends in Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Jiménez ◽  
Julen Requejo ◽  
Miguel Foces ◽  
Masato Okumura ◽  
Marco Stampini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Older People ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Mapping Exercise

Latin America and the Caribbean, unlike other regions, is still quite young demographically: people over age 60 make up around 11% of the total population. However, the region is expected to experience the fastest rate of population aging in the world over the coming decades. This projected growth of the elderly population raises challenges related to pensions, health, and long-term care. At the same time, it opens up numerous business opportunities in different sectorshousing, tourism, care, and transportation, for examplethat could generate millions of new jobs. These opportunities are termed the “silver economy,” which has the potential to be one of the drivers of post-pandemic economic recovery. Importantly, women play key roles in many areas of this market, as noted in the first report published by the IDB on this subject (Okumura et al., 2020). This report maps the actors whose products or services are intended for older people and examines silver economy trends in the region by sector: health, long-term care, finance, housing, transportation, job market, education, entertainment, and digitization. The mapping identified 245 actors whose products or services are intended for older people, and it yielded three main findings. The first is that the majority of the actors (40%) operate in the health and care sectors. The prevalence of these sectors could be due to the fact that they are made up of many small players, and it could also suggest a still limited role of older people in active consumption, investment, and the job market in the region. The second finding is that 90% of the silver economy actors identified by the study operate exclusively in their countries of origin, and that Mexico has the most actors (47), followed by the Southern Cone countriesBrazil, Chile, and Argentinawhich have the regions highest rates of population aging. The third finding is that private investment dominates the silver economy ecosystem, as nearly 3 out of every 4 actors offering services to the elderly population are for-profit enterprises. The sectors and markets of the silver economy differ in size and degree of maturity. For example, the long-term care sector, which includes residential care settings, is the oldest and has the largest number of actors, while sectors like digital, home automation, and cohousing are still emerging. Across all sectors, however, there are innovative initiatives that hold great potential for growth. This report examines the main development trends of the silver economy in the region and presents examples of initiatives that are already underway. The health sector has a wealth of initiatives designed to make managing chronic diseases easier and to prevent and reduce the impact of functional limitations through practices that encourage active aging. In the area of long term careone of the most powerful drivers of job creationinitiatives to train human resources and offer home care services are flourishing. The financial sector is beginning to meet a wide range of demands from older people by offering unique services such as remittances or property management, in addition to more traditional pensions, savings, and investment services. The housing sector is adapting rapidly to the changes resulting from population aging. This shift can be seen, for example, in developments in the area of cohousing or collaborative housing, and in the rise of smart homes, which are emerging as potential solutions. In the area of transportation, specific solutions are being developed to meet the unique mobility needs of older people, whose economic and social participation is on the rise. The job market offers older people opportunities to continue contributing to society, either by sharing their experience or by earning income. The education sector is developing solutions that promote active aging and the ongoing participation of older people in the regions economic and social life. Entertainment services for older people are expanding, with the emergence of multiple online services. Lastly, digitization is a cross-cutting and fundamental challenge for the silver economy, and various initiatives in the region that directly address this issue were identified. Additionally, in several sectors we identified actors with a clear focus on gender, and these primarily provide support to women. Of a total of 245 actors identified by the mapping exercise, we take a closer look at 11 different stories of the development of the silver economy in the region. The featured organizations are RAFAM Internacional (Argentina), TeleDx (Chile), Bonanza Asistencia (Costa Rica), NudaProp (Uruguay), Contraticos (Costa Rica), Maturi (Brazil), Someone Somewhere (Mexico), CONAPE (Dominican Republic), Fundación Saldarriaga Concha (Colombia), Plan Ibirapitá (Uruguay), and Canitas (Mexico). These organizations were chosen based on criteria such as how innovative their business models are, the current size and growth potential of their initiatives, and their impact on society. This study is a first step towards mapping the silver economy in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the hope is to broaden the scope of this mapping exercise through future research and through the creation of a community of actors to promote the regional integration of initiatives in this field.

scholarly journals Social-cultural and educational practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Camila Kuhn Vieira ◽  
Carine Nascimento da Silva ◽  
Ana Luisa Moser Keitel ◽  
Solange Beatriz Billig Garces ◽  
Patrícia Dall'Agnol Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Issue ◽  
Older People ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Large Concentration ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
The University ◽  
Scientific Achievements

We are living a period of demographic increase in the elderly population in Brazil and worldwide. Among the main causes are the decrease in infant and elderly mortality due to medical scientific achievements. This makes society and families increasingly live in their family and institutional spaces with older people. Situations such as the large concentration of people in urban centers, the liquid, individualistic, hedonistic and presentist society reflect as characteristics for the life of the elderly population, which wants to take advantage of the opportunities that life can provide, living in spaces public with different generations. In this sense, we understand that population aging has become a pressing social issue, which institutions such as the University, for example, have an obligation to account, especially in the sense of reflection, research in the area and opportunities for training / qualification for both the elderly as for the professionals who will work with this audience.

scholarly journals Inverse Affective Abandonment and the Judicialization of Affection

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-547
Author(s):  
Keite Crisóstomo Bezerra ◽  
Carolina Yukari Veludo Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Older Person ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The Public ◽  
Care For The Elderly

This article aims to analyze the Institute of Inverse affective abandonment and the effectiveness of the judicialization of the demands resulting from the lack of affection with older people. To this end, it shows the analysis of the aspects related to the increasing population aging, the elements, and criteria used in the characterization of the older person, as well as the challenges arising from aging in the person who touches Family, society and the public power. It will also be analyzed the objective and subjective aspects related to legal protection and care for the elderly who suffer the affective abandonment, with a view to the debate about the possibility of compensation for moral damages in case of immaterial neglect. Finally, to verify whether the legal protection sought by the judicialization of the demands arising from it is capable of producing a sentence able to generate or make reestablish the affection. The work is conceived according to the inductive method, using the technique of bibliographic research, Doctrinaria and jurisprudential.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Population Aging Trend in Iran and Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Hasan Hekmatnia ◽  
Kamran Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri ◽  
Ali Shamsoddini
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Impact

Population aging and its consequences are an extremely controversial issue in the global context. An increase in the number of older people along with a decrease in the birth rate leads to an excessive burden on the economically active part of the population. Such imbalances threaten to reduce the workforce, slow economic growth, increase social spending, increase the fiscal burden. Therefore, using the country’s own experience to solve the problem of rapid aging of the nation and take measures to improve the quality of life of older people and their social integration into society is insufficient, as changes in the age structure of the population may occur for the first time. Therefore, it is necessary to study and adapt the experience of other countries to address this social issue. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the aging population in Iran and Poland, as well as to assess the impact of the nation’s aging on life expectancy, fertility and gross domestic product (GDP) in these two countries. The object of the study is Poland as a representative of European countries, which is facing an increase in the number of elderly people, and Iran as a country where the age structure of the population is just beginning to change. The study period is 1950-2020. The results of the study show that there has been an increase in the elderly population, but the share of this population compared to other countries is lower. The authors of the study proved the existence of significant differences in the aging population in Poland and Iran. A feature of the demographic situation in Iran is the declining birth rate, which leads to a decrease in the total population and an increase in the proportion of elderly people. These socio-demographic transformations in the long run can have a destructive effect on Iran’s GDP. In contrast to Iran, Poland is experiencing an increase in population aging, leading to rising spending on social security and protection, as well as falling GDP. The rapid growth of the elderly population compared to the growth of the total population of the country and the increase in the share of elderly people in the coming years emphasizes the need for further planning of control over the problems associated with this population group.

scholarly journals The importance of older people's participation in the financial services market

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Iwona Dorota Czechowska
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Subject Area

Abstract The article presents definitions on population aging, characterises the analysed group of population, and discusses selected aspects of its activity in the financial services market. Its purpose has been to determine the importance of the elderly as the users of financial services. As demonstrated, the activity of customers aged 60+ in the financial services market is of significance for various players in this market, as well as from the micro and macro perspective. The hypothesis that this subject area is neither sufficiently known nor recognized has been proved to be true. To improve the situation, financial institutions should analyse in detail the needs of elderly customers to develop targeted products and services, while older people should be more active and use them more often.

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