scholarly journals Way Forward

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-154
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kinzelbach ◽  
Haijing Wang ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Ning Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Aquifer Depletion ◽  
Depletion Rate

AbstractThe combination of fallowing and substituting groundwater by surface water was effective in reducing aquifer depletion in Guantao. The average annual depletion rate after 2014 was about half the value of the pre-project period 2000–2013 and basically limited to the deep aquifer. The goal of closing all deep aquifer wells has only been reached partially, their use being necessary in locations where the shallow aquifer is too saline.

scholarly journals Hydrogeological Classification and the Correlation of Groundwater Chemistry with Basin Flow in the South-Western Part of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahpara Sheikh Dola ◽  
Khairul Bahsar ◽  
Mazeda Islam ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Deep Basin ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Type Water

Attempt has been made to find the relationship between the basin groundwater flow and the current water chemistry of south-western part of Bangladesh considering their lithological distribution and aquifer condition. The correlation of water chemistry and basin groundwater flow is depicted in the conceptual model. The water-types of shallow groundwater are predominantly Mg-Na-HCO3 and Ca- Mg-Na-HCO3 type. In the deep aquifer of upper delta plain is predominately Na-Cl, Ca-HCO3 and Mg- HCO3 type. In the lower delta plain Na-Cl type of water mainly occurs in the shallow aquifer and occasionally Ca-HCO3, Ca-Mg-Na-HCO3 and Mg-HCO3 type may also occur in shallow aquifer of the eastern part of lower delta plain which could have originated from the recent recharge of rain water. Na- Cl type water is also found in the deep aquifer of lower delta plain. The origin of Na-Cl type water in the deep aquifer of lower delta part might be connate water or present day sea water intrusion. Fresh water occurring in the deep aquifer in the lower delta area is mostly of Mg-Ca-HCO3 and Na-HClO3 types. This type of water originate from intermediate or deep basin flow from the northern part of Bangladesh. The probable source of deep groundwater is Holocene marine transgression (Khan et al. 2000) occurred in 3000–7000 cal years BP and the deep groundwater of Upper Delta plain and Lower Delta plain is clearly influenced by deep basin flow coming from north part of BangladeshJournal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 1, 41-54, 2018

Using Satellite Imagery to Examine the Relationship between Surface-Water Dynamics of the Salt Lakes of Western Texas and Ogallala Aquifer Depletion

Wetlands ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Heintzman ◽  
S. M. Starr ◽  
K. R. Mulligan ◽  
L. S. Barbato ◽  
N. E. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Salt Lakes ◽  
Ogallala Aquifer ◽  
Aquifer Depletion ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Evaluation of the River-Shallow Aquifer Exchange Process Effect on Surface Water Quality Deterioration

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (06) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Ismail Karaoui ◽  
Abdelkrim Arioua ◽  
Abdelkhalek El Amrani Idrissi ◽  
Wafae Nouaim ◽  
Driss Elhamdouni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Quality Deterioration ◽  
Water Quality Deterioration

scholarly journals Understanding wetland sub-surface hydrology using geologic and isotopic signatures

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1313-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Sikdar ◽  
P. Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Bengal Basin ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Deep Aquifers

Abstract. This paper attempts to utilize hydrogeology and isotope composition of groundwater to understand the present hydrological processes prevalent in a freshwater wetland, source of wetland groundwater, surface water/groundwater interaction and mixing of groundwater of various depth zones in the aquifer. This study considers East Calcutta Wetlands (ECW) – a freshwater peri-urban inland wetland ecosystem located at the lower part of the deltaic alluvial plain of South Bengal Basin and east of Kolkata city. This wetland is well known over the world for its resource recovery systems, developed by local people through ages, using wastewater of the city. Geological investigations reveal that the sub-surface geology is completely blanketed by the Quaternary sediments comprising a succession of silty clay, sand of various grades and sand mixed with occasional gravels and thin intercalations of silty clay. At few places the top silty clay layer is absent due to scouring action of past channels. In these areas sand is present throughout the geological column and the areas are vulnerable to groundwater pollution. Groundwater mainly flows from east to west and is being over-extracted to the tune of 65×103 m3/day. δ18O and δD values of shallow and deep groundwater are similar indicating resemblance in hydrostratigraphy and climate of the recharge areas. Groundwater originates mainly from monsoonal rain with some evaporation prior to or during infiltration and partly from bottom of ponds, canals and infiltration of groundwater withdrawn for irrigation. Relatively high tritium content of the shallow groundwater indicates local recharge, while the deep groundwater with very low tritium is recharged mainly from distant areas. At places the deep aquifer has relatively high tritium, indicating mixing of groundwater of shallow and deep aquifers. Metals such as copper, lead, arsenic, cadmium, aluminium, nickel and chromium are also present in groundwater of various depths. Therefore, aquifers of wetland and surrounding urban areas which are heavily dependent on groundwater are vulnerable to pollution. In the area south of ECW isotope data indicates no interaction between shallow and deep aquifer and hence this area may be a better location to treat sewage water than within ECW. To reduce the threat of pollution in ECW's aquifer, surface water-groundwater interaction should be minimized by regulating tubewell operation time, introducing treated surface water supply system and artificial recharging of the aquifer.

The research of Meinong earthquake induced hydrological anomalies and increased vertical permeability in southwestern Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Yao Lin ◽  
Shih-Jung Wang ◽  
Wen-Chi Lai
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Large River ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Tidal Analysis ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Vertical Permeability ◽  
Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽  
Groundwater Level Change

<p>Hydrological anomalies induced by the earthquakes are valuable research data to understand the hydrogeology structure. At the same time, a complete hydrogeological data is the key to the study of earthquake hydrology. In this research, we collected the anomalous hydrological data after the M<sub>w</sub> 6.4 2016 Meinong Earthquake in Taiwan. The main purpose is to know the mechanism of hydrological changes triggered by earthquake and understand the local hydrogeological characteristics in the southern Taiwan.</p><p>From the distribution of the groundwater level change in the same location but different depths of aquifer, as well as the location of the rupture and liquefaction, it could be found that the co-seismic groundwater level change is large in Chianan Plain in the northwest of the epicenter and accompanied with a lot of ruptures and liquefactions located along the Hsinhua Fault. However, the observations in several wells around the Hsinhua Fault show a different water level change pattern compared with the other wells in Chianan Plain. Actually, these wells show that the co-seismic groundwater level decreases in the deep aquifer and increase in the shallow aquifer. It is shown that the Meinong Earthquake may enhance the connectivity between different aquifers near the fault zone and produce an increased vertical pressure gradient. The anomalous hydrological phenomenon also reflected in the river flow. Based on the river flow data we collected from five stations in the Zengwun River watershed, the river flow at two stations in the upstream dose not change after earthquake. There is a little increase at the midstream station. However, a large river flow increase is observed at the downstream station. After excluding the influence of rainfall, we think that the large amount of anomalous flow is caused by the rise of the co-seismic groundwater level between the middle and downstream sections, and a large amount of liquefaction in this area can prove this hypothesis.</p><p>The hypothesis of connectivity changes between different aquifers can be verified by analyzing the tidal response of different aquifers. Many studies have used the tide analysis to obtain the aquifer permeability and compressibility, and compared the changes in the analysis results before and after the earthquake. We think that if different aquifers are vertically connected after earthquake, the tidal analysis results should show a consistent permeability. Tidal analysis is executing now and the results will be provided at conference.</p>

scholarly journals Designing Aquifer Model for the Banks of the Serayu River, Sokawera, Somagede, Banyumas, Indonesia by Means of 1D-Electrical Resistivity Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-357
Author(s):  
Sehah Sehah ◽  
Hartono Hartono ◽  
Zaroh Irayani ◽  
Urip Nurwijayanto Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Model Potential ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Shallow Aquifers ◽  
Clayey Sand ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Resistivity Data ◽  
Deep Aquifers ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer

A geoelectric survey using the 1D-electrical resistivity method was applied to design a groundwater aquifer model for the banks of the Serayu River in Sokawera Village, Somagede District, Banyumas Regency, Indonesia. The aim of this research was to identify the characteristics of aquifers in the research area based on resistivity log data. Acquisition, modeling, and interpretation of resistivity data were carried out and the results were lithological logs at seven sounding points. Correlation between the lithological logs resulted in a hydrostratigraphic model. This model is composed of several hydrological units, i.e. shallow aquifer, aquitard, and deep aquifer. The shallow aquifers are composed of sandy clay (10.81-18.21 Wm) and clayey sand (3.04-7.43 Wm) with a depth of groundwater from the water table to 27.51 m. The deep aquifers are composed of sandstone with variation of porosity (2.24-12.04 Wm) at a depth of more than 54.98 m. Based on this model, potential shallow aquifers were estimated to be at sounding points Sch-5, Sch-6, and Sch-7. This hydrostratigraphic model shows that the two types of aquifers are separated by an aquitard layer, allowing groundwater infiltration from the shallow aquifer to the deep aquifer and vice versa. Moreover, the Serayu riverbanks in this research area are estimated to be a groundwater discharge area.

scholarly journals Geoelectric resistivity sounding for deciphering hydrogeology and locating deep tubewell installation sites in Puroshava area of Bagerhat, Bangladesh

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
A. S.M. Woobaidullah ◽  
Mohammad Zohir Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Coastal Belt ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Clay Lenses

The study area includes Bagerhat Pouroshava and its surroundings under Bagerhat Sadar Upazila covering an area of 7.53 sq. km with a population of about 50,000. Bagerhat is a coastal district and the subsurface geology is complicated. As in other areas of the coastal belt the quality of ground water in the area is also variable. For ground water development in the study area the shallow aquifer is not suitable as the water is mostly saline to brackish except some isolated fresh water pockets of limited yielding capacity. The deep aquifer is also not very homogeneous in water quality. In the northwestern part it bears fresh water but water quality deteriorates south-southeast with higher depth of occurrence. A comprehensive study is carried out to demarcate the aquifers and to judge the water quality to find the suitable location of the deep tube wells in Bagerhat Pouroshava area. Fifteen geoelectric soundings have been executed in the study area using Schlumberger configuration with maximum spreading of 1200 m. Based on the vertical electrical sounding interpretation results the subsurface sequence is divided into following geoelectric units: The top unit has resistivity less than 5.0 Ωm with a thickness of 1.5 to 20 m and represents the top clay­ silty/sandy clay layer. The second geoelectric unit represents a very fine to  medium  sand  with  thin  clay  lenses  and resistivity varying from 5.0 Ωm  to more than  100.0 Ωm  with a  thickness  of  16 to  135  m. The resistivity of the following unit ranges from l.40 Ωm to 4.8 Ωm and thickness varies from 100 m to more than 300 m. The deepest geoelectric unit shows resistivity from 8.0 Ωm to 18.0 Ωm and represents the deep aquifer. The depth to the aquifer varies from 235 m to 355 m. The most suitable site for groundwater development from the deep aquifer is in the vicinity of East Saira of Shatgambuj union.

scholarly journals Impact of solid waste on water quality: a case study of Gokarna landfill site, Kathmandu

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh C. Devkota ◽  
Kunio Watanabe ◽  
Vishnu Dangol
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Shallow Wells ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Domestic Use

The Gokarna landfill site (GLS) was in operation between 1986 and 1996. At present, there is a high risk of shallow aquifer contamination owing to the absence of a barrier layer and a high rate of leachate in now from the landfill site. About 20 m thick sandy bed is transmitting pollutants to the shallow aquifer. The water quality analysis of shallow wells, dug wells and springs around the GLS carried out between November 2003 and March 2004 revealed that they are polluted by the leachate. The heavy metal concentration, chlorides, iron as well as BOD and COD values depicted their increasing trend. Likewise, the microbial contamination was also high, and the water was unsuitable for domestic use. However, there is a low probability of contaminating the deep aquifer owing to the presence of impermeable layers of silt and clay above it. On the other hand, the amount of pollutants in the leachate has decreased significantly in recent years, especially after 1996.

scholarly journals HYDROGEOPHYSICAL DELINEATION OF PROLIFIC GROUNDWATER AQUIFER AROUND STUDENTS’ HOSTELS IN FUPRE CAMPUS, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Alaminiokuma G.I. ◽  
Omigie J.I.
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Sand Column ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Current Electrode ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Survey ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Coarse Grained Sand

Electrical resistivity survey was conducted around Students’ Hostels in FUPRE to delineate prolific aquifer for potable water to serve the teeming population of staff and students. Five vertical electrical soundings (VES) using Schlumberger electrode configuration with a maximum current electrode spread of 300m were employed for data acquisition. WINRESIST software was employed to execute the iteration and inversion processes of computing resistivities, depths and thicknesses of the various layers and the curve types. Results indicate that the area is characterized by 4 distinct geoelectric layers inferred differently at the VES locations. Two potential groundwater aquifer zones are delineated. The unconfined shallow aquifer zones found at VES 1, 3, 4 and 5 locations have shallow overburden depth ranging between 3.7-19.3m and coarse-grained sand columns with thicknesses ranging between 2.8-17.7m while the confined deep aquifer zone found at VES 2 location coincides with deep overburden layer at a depth of 42.6m and coarse-grained sand column with appreciable thickness of 19.1m. These results suggest that boreholes for sustainable groundwater supply around the Students’ Hostels should be sited at VES 2 location and screened at a depth ≥40.0m. However, aquifers at VES 1, 3, 4 and 5 have potentials for groundwater but are vulnerable to contamination. It is recommenced that electrical resistivity and hydrogeological surveys should be conducted at different locations in FUPRE, before any borehole(s) are drilled, to delineate the appropriate aquifer for potable groundwater supply and to avoid possible contamination.

scholarly journals Studi Karakteristik Air-Tanah di Kawasan Nuklir Pasar Jumat (KNPJ) dengan Metode Hidrokimia dan Isotop Alam

EKSPLORIUM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Neneng Laksminingpuri Sanusi ◽  
Nurfadhlini Nurfadhlini ◽  
Satrio Satrio
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Hydrochemical Data ◽  
Isotope Concentration ◽  
Natural Isotopes ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Telah dilakukan penelitian air-tanah di Kawasan Nuklir Pasar Jumat (KNPJ) menggunakan metode hidrokimia dan isotop alam. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sejumlah sampel air di beberapa kawasan KNPJ dan sekitarnya. Sampel air tersebut kemudian dianalisis konsentrasi kimia airnya (anion-kation) dan konsentrasi isotop alam d2H dan d18O menggunakan alat lasser counter. Analisis kimia air dilakukan menggunakan metode ion kromatografi dan titrasi. Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu untuk mengetahui karakteristik air-tanah terhadap kemungkinan interaksi dengan air permukaan sekitarnya. Berdasarkan hasil analisis hidrokimia (anion-kation) dan isotop alam (d2H, d18O) menunjukkan bahwa air-tanah dalam masih mencerminkan karakter sebagai air-tanah segar atau freshwater. Air-tanah akuifer dalam juga terindikasi tidak berhubungan dengan air-tanah akuifer dangkal yang berada di atasnya. Air-tanah dangkal, sebagian besar masih menunjukkan karakter air-tanah segar dan sebagian lainnya, yaitu SB-8, SB-9, dan SB-10, air-tanahnya mengalami pertukaran ion dan interaksi dengan air permukaan. Air permukaan untuk SB-8 diperkirakan berasal dari rembesan larutan pupuk tanaman sedangkan untuk SB-9 dan SB-10 air permukaan diperkirakan berasal dari rembesan tanki kotoran (septic tank). Groundwater research has been conducted in Nuclear Area of Pasar Jumat (KNPJ) using hydrochemical data and natural isotopes methods. The research was conducted by taking a number of water samples in some areas of KNPJ and also its surrounding areas. The water samples were then analyzed its hydrochemical concentration (anion-cation) and natural isotope concentration d2H and d18O using lasser counter device. Water chemical analysis was conducted by using ion chromatography and titration methods. The purpose of this research is to know the characteristics of groundwater to the possibility of its interaction with the surrounding surface water. Based on the results of hydrochemical analysis (anion-cation) and natural isotopes (d2H, d18O) indicates that groundwater still reflects the character as fresh groundwater or freshwater. The deep aquifer groundwater is also indicated to be unrelated to groundwater of shallow aquifers located above it. While most shallow groundwater still show the character of fresh groundwater, and some others namely SB-8, SB-9, and SB-10, the groundwater undergo ion exchanges and interact with surface water. Surface water for SB-8 is estimated come from the seepage of the liquid plant fertilizer, whereas for SB-9 and SB-10 surface water is estimated come from septic tank seepage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document