The Roles of Hydrogen and Natural Gas as Biofuel Fuel-Additives Towards Attaining Low Carbon Fuel-Systems and High Performing ICEs

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-219
Author(s):  
Samuel Eshorame Sanni ◽  
Babalola Aisosa Oni
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Fuel Additives ◽  
High Performing

scholarly journals The Prospects for Reducing the Carbon Footprint in Liquefied Natural Gas Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
D. M. Grigoyeva ◽  
◽  
E. B. Fedorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Natural Gas Industry

To meet the terms of the Paris Agreement, it will be necessary to restructure the world economy, make an energy transition to low-carbon development, which will subsequently affect the conventional energy sources industry and, in particular, the liquefied natural gas (LNG) sector. The article provides an overview of the prospects for reducing the carbon footprint in the gas industry. Technical, political and economic measures of decarbonization formation are given. The prospects of the natural gas export market for Russia are outlined. The classification of technologies related to carbon dioxide capture is presented. Special attention is paid to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the LNG industry.

scholarly journals Catalytic production of low-carbon footprint sustainable natural gas

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqin Si ◽  
Rui Lu ◽  
Zhitong Zhao ◽  
Xiaofeng Yang ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Yield ◽  
Gas Products ◽  
Forestry Residues ◽  
Solid Biomass

AbstractNatural gas is one of the foremost basic energy sources on earth. Although biological process appears as promising valorization routes to transfer biomass to sustainable methane, the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass is the major limitation for the production of mixing gas to meet the natural gas composition of pipeline transportation. Here we develop a catalytic-drive approach to directly transfer solid biomass to bio-natural gas which can be suitable for the current infrastructure. A catalyst with Ni2Al3 alloy phase enables nearly complete conversion of various agricultural and forestry residues, the total carbon yield of gas products reaches up to 93% after several hours at relative low-temperature (300 degrees Celsius). And the catalyst shows powerful processing capability for the production of natural gas during thirty cycles. A low-carbon footprint is estimated by a preliminary life cycle assessment, especially for the low hydrogen pressure and non-fossil hydrogen, and technical economic analysis predicts that this process is an economically competitive production process.

Detonation development from a hot spot in methane/air mixtures: Effects of kinetic models

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808742094461
Author(s):  
Jingyi Su ◽  
Peng Dai ◽  
Zheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Reaction Front ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Front Propagation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Detonation Development

Natural gas is a promising alternative fuel which can be used in internal combustion engines to achieve low carbon emission and high thermal efficiency. However, at high compression ratio, super-knock due to detonation development might occur. In this study, the autoignitive reaction front propagation and detonation development from a hot spot were investigated numerically and the main component of natural gas, methane, was considered. The objective is to assess the performance of different kinetic models in terms of predicting hot spot–induced detonation development in methane/air mixtures. First, simulations for the constant-volume homogeneous ignition in a stoichiometric methane/air mixture were conducted. The ignition delay time, excitation time, critical temperature gradient, thermal sensitivity and reduced activation energy predicted by different kinetic models were obtained and compared. It was found that there are notable discrepancies among the predictions by different kinetic models. Then, hundreds of one-dimensional simulations were conducted for detonation development from a hot spot in a stoichiometric CH4/air mixture. Different autoignition modes were identified and the detonation regimes were derived based on the peak pressure and reaction front propagation speed. It was found that even at the same conditions, different propagation modes can be predicted by different kinetic models. The broadest detonation development regime was predicted by the reduced GRI mechanism, while a relatively narrow regime was predicted by the recent kinetic models such as FFCM-1 and Aramco 3.0. The present results indicate that super-knock prediction strongly depends on the kinetic model used in simulations. Therefore, significant efforts should be devoted to the development and validation of kinetic models for natural gas at engine conditions.

Enhanced hydrogen embrittlement of low-carbon steel to natural gas/hydrogen mixtures

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Juan Shang ◽  
Weifeng Chen ◽  
Jinyang Zheng ◽  
Zhengli Hua ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Hydrogen Mixtures

Study on Earthenware and Exhaust Gas Made by Low-Carbon Catalytic Combustion Furnace of Natural Gas

2014 ◽  
Vol 894 ◽  
pp. 284-287
Author(s):  
Li Qiang Zhu ◽  
Qin Li Xue ◽  
Shi Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Electric Furnace ◽  
Catalytic Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Furnace Temperature ◽  
Furnace Production ◽  
Clean Combustion

In the paper, based on the results of lean gas furnace temperature field, the study was carried out on heating earthenware. Compared with earthenware which heated with electric furnace, earthenware heated with Low-carbon Catalytic Combustion Furnace was having apparent advantages. The content of the pollutants in exhaust gas was detected during heating in the same time. It would be the conclusion that a trace of pollutants was produced in the highly clean combustion furnace production process, from analyzing and comparing the data under the condition of heating with earthenware and heating without earthenware in the catalytic combustion furnace.

Characterization of economic and ecological advantages and challenges in development of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon, non-hydrocarbon and renewable energy sources for resource-based economy in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Ivakhnenko ◽  
Beibarys Bakytzhan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Unconventional Oil ◽  
The Cost

<p>In global socioeconomic development facing climate change challenges to minimize the output of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and moving to a more low-carbon economy (LCE) the major driving force for success in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is the cost of energy generation. One of the main factors for energy source selection in the power supply and energy type generation process is the price parameters often influenced at different degree by government policies incentives, technological and demographic challenges in different countries. We research the energy sources situation and possible development trends for developing country Kazakhstan with resource-based economy. In general, the economic aspects affect the quality and quantity of energy generated from different sources with incentives for environmental concern. Traditional energy sources in Kazakhstan, such as coal, oil and natural gas remain low-cost in production due to high reserve base, which leads to steady growth in this area. In general, the cost for generating 1 kWh of energy from the cheapest carbon source of energy sub-bituminous coal is about 0.0024 $, for natural gas 0.0057 $, conventional oil 0.0152 $ (conventional diesel is 0.0664 $) and for expensive unconventional oil 0.0361 $, whereas renewable hydrocarbons could potentially become more competitive with unconventional oil production (methanol 0.0540 $, biodiesel 0.0837 $, bioethanol 0.1933 $ for generating 1 kWh). Furthermore, we consider the main non-traditional and renewable energy sources of energy from the sun, wind, water, and biofuels, hydrogen, methane, gasoline, uranium, and others. There is a difference between the breakeven prices of conventional gas and biomethane (0.0057 $ and 0.047 - 0.15 $ respectively averaging 0.0675 $ per 1 kWh for biomethane) which is often related to the difference in their production methods. The main advantage of biomethane is environmentally friendly production. We also propose an assessment of fuel by environmental characteristics, where one of the hazardous sources Uranium is forth cheap 0.0069 $ per kWh, but the environmental damage caused by its waste is the greatest. At the same time hydropower is seven times more expensive than uranium, but it does not cause direct health damage issues, however influencing significantly ecosystem balance. Hydrogen fuel is the most expensive among others. Overall in Kazakhstan energy-producing from the sun, wind and biogas is more expensive comparing with global trends from 0.4 to 5.5 cents per 1 kWh, but remains cheaper for hydropower. In addition, based on the research findings we analyzed the potential for sustainable non-renewable and renewable energy development in the future for the case of the resource-based economy in Kazakhstan. </p>

Experimental Research on the Drag Reduction Technology of Nature Gas Pipeline Transportation

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 982-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Huang ◽  
Rong Gai Zhu ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Xue Yuan Li ◽  
Shuang Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Wall Region ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Pipeline Transportation ◽  
Inner Surface

As an efficient and environment-friendly energy, natural gas has become an inevitable choice for improving environment, achieving the low carbon economy and the sustainable development all around world. However, flow resistance produced in the course of the gas pipeline transportation caused large loss of transportation energy and brought down the transportation capacity. Therefore, this paper have developed a deep researches on the interaction mechanism between a drag reduction agent (DRA) and the inner surface of natural gas pipeline, the flow pattern improvement regularity about DRA membrane acting on the near-wall region of the pipeline, the relation between the flow pattern improvement and friction resistance, the effect regularity of DRA on the friction coefficient of the pipeline inner surface, and the relation between the alternation of the friction coefficient and the drag reduction. According to all above studies, the fundamental reason for flow resistance of the gas transportation has been found, and the drag reduction mechanism of the gas pipeline transportation has also been hold of. Field test shows that the application of the DRA in the course of the gas pipeline transportation reduced the friction loss by 12%-16.5%, and raised the transfer efficiency by 8%-12%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document