scholarly journals Well-Posedness for a Modified Bidomain Model Describing Bioelectric Activity in Damaged Heart Tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amar ◽  
D. Andreucci ◽  
C. Timofte
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Equation ◽  
Bilinear Form ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Well Posedness ◽  
Bidomain Model ◽  
Electrical Behaviour ◽  
Bioelectric Activity ◽  
Differential Systems ◽  
Uniqueness Of A Solution

AbstractWe prove the existence and the uniqueness of a solution for a modified bidomain model, describing the electrical behaviour of the cardiac tissue in pathological situations. The leading idea is to reduce the problem to an abstract parabolic setting, which requires to introduce several auxiliary differential systems and a non-standard bilinear form. The main difficulties are due to the degeneracy of the bidomain system and to its non-standard coupling with a diffusion equation, accounting for the presence of the pathological zone in the heart tissue.

scholarly journals Resveratrol Protects Cardiac Tissue in Experimental Malignant Hypertension Due to Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 5006
Author(s):  
Jelica Grujić-Milanović ◽  
Vesna Jaćević ◽  
Zoran Miloradović ◽  
Djurdjica Jovović ◽  
Ivica Milosavljević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Resveratrol Treatment

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent and powerful contributors of cardiovascular diseases. Malignant hypertension is a relatively rare but extremely severe form of hypertension accompanied with heart, brain, and renal impairment. Resveratrol, a recently described grape-derived, polyphenolic antioxidant molecule, has been proposed as an effective agent in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This study was designed to examine chronic resveratrol administration on blood pressure, oxidative stress, and inflammation, with special emphasis on cardiac structure and function in two models of experimental hypertension. The experiments were performed in spontaneously (SHRs) and malignantly hypertensive rats (MHRs). The chronic administration of resveratrol significantly decreased blood pressure in both spontaneously and malignant hypertensive animals. The resveratrol treatment ameliorated morphological changes in the heart tissue. The immunohistochemistry of the heart tissue after resveratrol treatment showed that both TGF-β and Bax were not present in the myocytes of SHRs and were present mainly in the myocytes of MHRs. Resveratrol suppressed lipid peroxidation and significantly improved oxidative status and release of NO. These results suggest that resveratrol prevents hypertrophic and apoptotic consequences induced by high blood pressure with more pronounced effects in malignant hypertension.

scholarly journals On a time fractional diffusion with nonlocal in time conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hoang Tuan ◽  
Nguyen Anh Triet ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Luc ◽  
Nguyen Duc Phuong
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Series ◽  
Diffusion Equation ◽  
Convergence Rate ◽  
Exact Solutions ◽  
Mild Solution ◽  
Integral Condition ◽  
Fractional Diffusion ◽  
Well Posedness ◽  
Nonlocal Integral Condition ◽  
Regularized Solution

AbstractIn this work, we consider a fractional diffusion equation with nonlocal integral condition. We give a form of the mild solution under the expression of Fourier series which contains some Mittag-Leffler functions. We present two new results. Firstly, we show the well-posedness and regularity for our problem. Secondly, we show the ill-posedness of our problem in the sense of Hadamard. Using the Fourier truncation method, we construct a regularized solution and present the convergence rate between the regularized and exact solutions.

scholarly journals Recapitulating Cardiac Structure and Function In Vitro from Simple to Complex Engineering

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Ana Santos ◽  
Yongjun Jang ◽  
Inwoo Son ◽  
Jongseong Kim ◽  
Yongdoo Park
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cardiac Cells

Cardiac tissue engineering aims to generate in vivo-like functional tissue for the study of cardiac development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Since the heart is composed of various types of cells and extracellular matrix with a specific microenvironment, the fabrication of cardiac tissue in vitro requires integrating technologies of cardiac cells, biomaterials, fabrication, and computational modeling to model the complexity of heart tissue. Here, we review the recent progress of engineering techniques from simple to complex for fabricating matured cardiac tissue in vitro. Advancements in cardiomyocytes, extracellular matrix, geometry, and computational modeling will be discussed based on a technology perspective and their use for preparation of functional cardiac tissue. Since the heart is a very complex system at multiscale levels, an understanding of each technique and their interactions would be highly beneficial to the development of a fully functional heart in cardiac tissue engineering.

Engineered cardiac tissue analyzed using the mechanical bidomain model

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kharananda Sharma ◽  
Bradley J. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Bidomain Model

scholarly journals An inverse problem for a fractional diffusion equation with fractional power type nonlinearities

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Diffusion Equation ◽  
Approximation Property ◽  
Fractional Power ◽  
Fractional Diffusion ◽  
Fractional Diffusion Equation ◽  
Well Posedness ◽  
Power Type ◽  
First Order ◽  
Dirichlet To Neumann Map

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We study the well-posedness of a semi-linear fractional diffusion equation and formulate an associated inverse problem. We determine fractional power type nonlinearities from the exterior partial measurements of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. Our arguments are based on a first order linearization as well as the parabolic Runge approximation property.</p>

scholarly journals Establishing correlation of axial and vertical force of cardiac artificial tissue using a novel micromachined sensor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Gaitas ◽  
Francesca Stillitano ◽  
Irene Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Artificial Tissue ◽  
One Step ◽  
Engineered Tissue

AbstractCardiomyocytes iPSC (iPSC-CMs) have great potential for cell therapy, drug assessment, and for understanding the pathophysiology and genetic underpinnings of cardiac diseases. Contraction forces are one of the most important characteristics of cardiac function and are predictors of healthy and diseased states. Cantilever techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, measure the vertical force of a single cell, while systems designed to more closely resemble the physical heart function, such as cardiac tissue on posts, measure the axial force. One important question is how do these two force measurements correlate? By establishing a correlation of the axial and vertical force we will be one step closer in being able to use single cell iPSC instead of more elaborate human engineered tissue or animal heart tissue as models. A novel micromachined sensor for measuring force contractions of artificial tissue has been developed. Using this novel sensor a correlation between axial force and vertical force is experimentally established. This finding supports the use of vertical measurements as an alternative to tissue measurements.

On a stochastic nonclassical diffusion equation with standard and fractional Brownian motion

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140011
Author(s):  
Tomás Caraballo ◽  
Tran Bao Ngoc ◽  
Tran Ngoc Thach ◽  
Nguyen Huy Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Diffusion Equation ◽  
Stochastic Integrals ◽  
Well Posedness ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Final Time ◽  
Fractional Brownian Motions ◽  
Nonclassical Diffusion Equation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Well Posed

This paper is concerned with the mathematical analysis of terminal value problems (TVP) for a stochastic nonclassical diffusion equation, where the source is assumed to be driven by classical and fractional Brownian motions (fBms). Our two problems are to study in the sense of well-posedness and ill-posedness meanings. Here, a TVP is a problem of determining the statistical properties of the initial data from the final time data. In the case [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the fractional order of a Laplace operator, we show that these are well-posed under certain assumptions. We state a definition of ill-posedness and obtain the ill-posedness results for the problems when [Formula: see text]. The major analysis tools in this paper are based on properties of stochastic integrals with respect to the fBm.

scholarly journals CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF DATE PALM AGAINST DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimaa Mubarak ◽  
Shadia Abdel Hamid ◽  
Abdel Razik Farrag ◽  
Nahla Samir ◽  
Jihan Seid Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb

Objective: Doxorubicin (Dox), an anthracycline antibiotic, has been widely used to treat cancer, principally hematological malignancies, and solid tumors. The administration of Dox is a topic of concern in the medical community, as it frequently related to dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the protective potential of date palm fruit extract on Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.Methods: A total of 40 female albino rats were used in this study and classified into four groups including control, date palm fruit extract, Dox, and treated date palm fruit extract groups.Results: Dox produced a significant increase in creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase activities. It also decreased the activities of cardiac glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase but increase levels of cardiac malondialdehyde and also of urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine. Myocardial toxicity of Dox also appeared in the elevation of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, while level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased. Histopathological studies revealed alteration of cardiac tissue structure by Dox. Treatment with date palm fruit extract restored the aforementioned parameters.Conclusion: Date palm fruit exhibits a cardioprotective influence on the heart tissue against toxicity induced by Dox.

scholarly journals Stem cell-derived cell sheet transplantation for heart tissue repair in myocardial infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Guo ◽  
Masatoshi Morimatsu ◽  
Tian Feng ◽  
Feng Lan ◽  
Dehua Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cell Sheets

AbstractStem cell-derived sheet engineering has been developed as the next-generation treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) and offers attractive advantages in comparison with direct stem cell transplantation and scaffold tissue engineering. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell sheets have been indicated to possess higher potential for MI therapy than other stem cell-derived sheets because of their capacity to form vascularized networks for fabricating thickened human cardiac tissue and their long-term therapeutic effects after transplantation in MI. To date, stem cell sheet transplantation has exhibited a dramatic role in attenuating cardiac dysfunction and improving clinical manifestations of heart failure in MI. In this review, we retrospectively summarized the current applications and strategy of stem cell-derived cell sheet technology for heart tissue repair in MI.

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