scholarly journals A new species of the deuterostome Herpetogaster from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota of South China

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Yang ◽  
Julien Kimmig ◽  
Bruce S. Lieberman ◽  
Shanchi Peng

Abstract The Cambrian radiation represents a key time period in the history of life. Here, we add to the mounting evidence accumulating on the nature of deuterostomes from this time period through description of a new species of stalked deuterostome, Herpetogaster haiyanensis nov. sp., from the lower Cambrian (series 2, stage 3) Chengjiang biota of China. This represents the first occurrence of the genus in Gondwana, the first juvenile specimen, and the oldest specimens to date. Herpetogaster haiyanensis nov. sp. differs from H. collinsi Caron et al. (2010) in having a stolon that is separated into an outer and inner layer, the segmentation of the body and in the shape and number of branches of the tentacles. The new species reiterates earlier suggestions of deuterostome affinities of the genus―it appears closely related to Phlogites and then successively more distantly related to Cotyledon and Eldonia―and may have fed on hyolithids.

1961 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Dinnik ◽  
N. N. Dinnik

A half a century ago, R. T. Leiper described a new species belonging to the genus Fasciola from specimens which he collected from hippopotami at the Murchison Falls, on the Victoria Nile in Uganda, in the summer of 1907. This species, Fasciola nyanzae, was found in the bile ducts of the liver, and in most instances the specimens were somewhat macerated owing to the length of time that had elapsed before the animal could be recovered from the water. Nevertheless, the characteristic shape of these liver flukes and the restriction of the branched testes to the anterior third of the body made it possible to recognise them as being different from all other species of the genus known at that time.


Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4486 (3) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
MAX KIECKBUSCH ◽  
FELIX MADER ◽  
HINRICH KAISER ◽  
SVEN MECKE

 We describe a new species of snake of the genus Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 from Boano Island, northern Maluku         Province, Indonesia. Cylindrophis osheai sp. nov. differs from all congeners by a combination of the following eidonomic characters: (1) 19 dorsal scale rows at midbody; (2) 224−226 ventral scales; (3) 8−9 subcaudal scales; (4) 25−28 dark ventral blotches, aligned to form a broad, wavy stripe along most of the body; (5) a dark ventral pattern that is completely separated from the dark dorsal coloration; (6) an almost completely dark ventral surface on the tail; (7) a dark bar running from the eye through the 3rd and 4th supralabials to the mouth; and (8) a dark, double-diamond-shaped ventral blotch in the area immediately posterior to the genials. Eidonomic species separation from other Cylindrophis species is supported by differences in cranial osteology, as elucidated by micro-computed tomography images. Diagnostic features of the cranium include (1) well-developed postorbitofrontals that project laterally beyond the maxilla in dorsal view, creating a characteristic, horn-like appearance; (2) a broad parietal with a bulbous middle section; (3) 10–12 maxillary teeth; (4) nine        palatine teeth; (5) 7–9 teeth on the pterygoid; and (6) 11–13 teeth on the dentary. We also provide notes on the taxonomic history of Cylindrophis melanotus Wagler, 1828 and an identification key to the Moluccan species of the genus. 


Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 653-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Gorgadze ◽  
Elena Fanelli ◽  
Manana Lortkhipanidze ◽  
Alberto Troccoli ◽  
Medea Burjanadze ◽  
...  

Summary A new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema borjomiense n. sp., was isolated from the body of the host insect, Oryctes nasicornis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in Georgia, in the territory of Borjomi-Kharagauli. Morphological characters indicate that the new species is closely related to species of the feltiae-group. The infective juveniles are characterised by the following morphological characters: body length of 879 (777-989) μm, distance between the head and excretory pore = 72 (62-80) μm, pharynx length = 132 (122-142) μm, tail length = 70 (60-80) μm, ratio a = 26.3 (23.0-29.3), H% = 45 (40-51), D% = 54 (47-59), E% = 102 (95-115), and lateral fields consisting of seven ridges (eight incisures) at mid-body. Steinernema borjomiense n. sp. was molecularly characterised by sequencing three ribosomal regions (the ITS, the D2-D3 expansion domains and the 18S rRNA gene) and the mitochondrial COI gene. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that S. borjomiense n. sp. differs from all other known species of Steinernema and is a member of the monticolum-group.


1952 ◽  
Vol s3-93 (24) ◽  
pp. 427-434
Author(s):  
MONICA TAYLOR

Material collected in Loch Tannoch was allowed to macerate in a chemical nutrient. A rich crop of Euglena gracilis as well as other infusoria resulted. Eight months later, when the Euglena had encysted, many amoebae were found at the bottom of the receptacle. They constitute a new species, here named Amoeba hugonis. An average adult specimen, when extended, measures about 104x52·2µ. The nucleus consists of a central karyosome lying in the nuclear sap, separated from the cytoplasm by a wellmarked nuclear membrane. Between the latter and the karyosome is situated an achromatic ‘collar’ with chromatin particles embedded in it. Fission is described, but a study of mitosis has been deferred. The life-history of this small amoeba is very similar to that of the large A. proteus, &c. The cycle occupies two months. Chromidia begin to appear in the cytoplasm of the early adult. They give rise to spores, out of which amoebulae hatch.


Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4941 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-258
Author(s):  
YUN-HE WU ◽  
XIAO-LONG LIU ◽  
WEI GAO ◽  
YU-FAN WANG ◽  
YING-CHUN LI ◽  
...  

Approximately half of the species in speciose genus Raorchestes were described during the past 10 years, yet only 11 species are known from Southeast Asia and southern China (SEA-SC), adjacent Himalayas, and northeastern India. Field work in northwestern Yunnan province, China resulted in the discovery of one new species in the genus based on morphological and molecular analyses. The new species is diagnosed by small size with 15.0–19.0 mm SVL in adult males (n=3); tongue pyriform, notched posteriorly; rudimentary webbing between toes; fingers and toes with narrow lateral dermal fringes; tibiotarsal articulation reaching anterior of the eye when hindlimb is stretched along the side of the body; relative finger lengths: I < II < IV < III, relative toe lengths: I < II < V < III < IV; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, outer metatarsal tubercle absent; finger discs and toe discs greyish or orange; flank near the crotch with a distinct black region between two creamy white patches, and the thigh having a similar black patch near the groin, proximal to another creamy white patch; a distinct “) (”-shaped dark marking on the back; male with external single subgular vocal sac; nuptial pad absent. A phylogenetic tree was reconstructed based on the mitochondrial genes for 16S rRNA and ND1. The results indicated that these individuals form a monophyletic group, and show high genetic divergence to their closest relatives within the genus (uncorrected p-distances > 3.2%) by distance of 16S comparable to the divergence between recognized Raorchestes species. This study further enriches the diversity of rhacophorids, especially in northwestern Yunnan. 


2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Zanata ◽  
Priscila Camelier

Characidium samurai, a species of the family Crenuchidae apparently endemic to rio das Almas and rio Vermelho basins, Bahia, Brazil, is described. The new species is readily distinguishable from its congeners, except C. lanei, by having a dark lateral band along the head and body that is particularly broad from the rear of the head to the end of the caudal peduncle (1.5 or 2 scales wide) and by the absence of dark bars or blotches on the ventral half of the body. Characidium samurai differs from C. laneiby having the lateral band with straight borders overall (vs.lateral band with somewhat irregular borders due to blotches extending dorsally or ventrally), anal fin ii,7-8 (vs. ii,6), and 4 horizontal scale rows above the lateral line and 4 below (vs. 5/3). It further differs from congeners by a series of features, including isthmus completely covered by scales, lateral line complete with 34-37 perforated scales, 9 scales on the transversal line, 14 scale rows around the caudal peduncle, anal fin ii,7-8, and the absence of dark bars or spots on the fins, except by a faded dorsal-fin bar. The presence of pseudotympanum in four species of Characidium is discussed.


Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4461 (3) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
CARLOS AUGUSTO FIGUEIREDO ◽  
CRISTIANO R. MOREIRA

A new species, Poecilia (Pamphorichthys) akroa, is described from the Rio Tocantins drainage, Brazil. The new species differs from the remaining species of the genus by the possession of 10 or 11 pectoral-fin rays, entire preopercular ramus and posterior portion of the supraorbital ramus of the cephalic sensory system enclosed in canals, a faint longitudinal band along the body, a single gonapophysis, a homogeneous reticulate color pattern on sides of body, urogenital region of females heavily pigmented, distalmost segments of the anterior branch (4a) of the fourth gonopodial ray fused into an elongated segment turned anteriorly, subdistal segments of anterior branch (5a) of fifth gonopodial ray simple, without anterior (ventral) projections, dorsal fin with pigmentation at its distal portion and with a basal black blotch, and chromatophores more concentrated on the posterior margin of the mid-ventral scale series of the caudal peduncle and ventrolateral margin of the adjacent scales forming a series of rhombi posterior to anal fin. 


1900 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 560-561
Author(s):  
G. C. Crick

The name Nautilus clitellarius was given by J. de C. Sowerby to a Nautiloid from the Coal-measures, Coalbrookdale, Shropshire, and the description was accompanied by three figures, each representing a different specimen. In 1884 the species was included by Professor Hyatt in his new genus Ephippioceras. In 1891 Dr. A. H. Foord found a new species, Ephippioceras costatum, which was said to be “distinguished from E. clitellarium (to which it is, however, very closely related) by the character of the septa and by the surface ornaments. The septa in E. costatum do not form such an acute lobe upon the periphery as do those of E. clitellarium, and they are also a little wider apart in the former species than they are in the latter. Moreover, E. costatum is provided with prominent transverse costæ, which are strongest upon the sides of the shell where they swell out into heavy folds. These costæ are directed obliquely backwards, and cross the septa at an acute angle, passing across the periphery and forming a shallow sinus in the middle. None of the specimens in the British Museum have the test preserved, so that the ribbing has only been observed upon casts. The costæ are equally well developed upon the body-chamber and upon the septate part of the shell in the adult, but they were either very feeble or altogether absent in the young.” A re-examination of the specimens in the Museum collection shows that the separation of the two forms is quite justifiable.


1875 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 50-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Handyside

The position of this new species of Ganoid, under our commonly accepted classification, the author gave as follows:—After referring to the Polyodon folium of Laépède (the P. reticulata of Shaw, the Planirostra spatula of Owen), the paddle-fish or spoon-bill sturgeon of the Ohio and Mississippi and their tributaries, as a well-known species of the genus in question, Dr Handyside went on to state that the new species now to be described was first observed on a Chinese fishmonger's stall at Woosung, 12 miles from Shanghai, and had since been found in the Yang-tsze-Kiang, and, as was alleged, in the northern Japanese sea. He then sketched the history of the Polyodontidoæ family, and narrated the researches of Lacépède, Von Martens, Blakiston, Kaup, and Duméril.


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