Non-invasive ventilation in community-acquired pneumonia and severe acute respiratory failure

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Carrillo ◽  
Gumersindo Gonzalez-Diaz ◽  
Miquel Ferrer ◽  
Maria Elena Martinez-Quintana ◽  
Antonia Lopez-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation

scholarly journals Management of Acute Respiratory Failure Due to Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolò Maria Vanoni ◽  
Manuela Carugati ◽  
Noemi Borsa ◽  
Giovanni Sotgiu ◽  
Laura Saderi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Ventilatory Management

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. CAP mortality is driven by the development of sepsis and acute respiratory failure (ARF). We performed a systematic review of the available English literature published in the period 1 January 1997 to 31 August 2017 and focused on ARF in CAP. The database searches identified 189 articles—of these, only 29 were retained for data extraction. Of these 29 articles, 12 addressed ARF in CAP without discussing its ventilatory management, while 17 evaluated the ventilatory management of ARF in CAP. In the studies assessing the ventilatory management, the specific treatments addressed were: high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) (n = 1), continuous positive airway pressure (n = 2), non-invasive ventilation (n = 9), and invasive mechanical ventilation (n = 5). When analyzed, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) success rates ranged from 20% to 76% and they strongly predicted survival, while NIV failure led to an increased risk of adverse outcome. In conclusion, ARF in CAP patients may require both ventilatory and non-ventilatory management. Further research is needed to better evaluate the use of NIV and HFNC in those patients. Alongside the prompt administration of antimicrobials, the potential use of steroids and the implementation of severity scores should also be considered.

scholarly journals A Clinical Study of Role of Noninvasive Ventilation in Community Acquired Pneumonia Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure – A Prospective Observational Study from Telangana, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 1686-1691
Author(s):  
Pampana Eshwaramma ◽  
Gaddam Ramulu Yadav ◽  
Vankayala Veena Reddy ◽  
Tarigopula Pramod Kumar ◽  
Mandapakala Gopala Krishna Murthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation

BACKGROUND Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is defined as “an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma. The most important complication of CAP is Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) and some of them may require Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) to manage hypoxia and hypoventilation along with appropriate antibiotic therapy. A number of studies, however, indicate that IMV is associated with high rates of serious complications and mortality in patients with ARF. For this reason Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) has been used for ARF of diverse aetiologies.The most important rationale for using NIV in early stages of respiratory failure is to decrease the workload on respiratory muscles and improve ventilation by applying positive airway pressure. This may help to overcome an episode of severe ARF without the need for MV. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of NIV in patients with ARF and compare the outcome of using NIV in CAP with ARF patients with and without comorbidities. METHODS This prospective observational study was done on 150 CAP patients in acute respiratory failure who received NIV. It was conducted in the Department of Respiratory Medicine in Gandhi Hospital, Secunderabad, for a period of one year and six months. A comparative analysis of the outcome of using NIV in CAP with ARF patients with and without co-morbidities was carried out. RESULTS In the current study 150 CAP patients with ARF who needed NIV, were treated initially with NIV, antibiotic therapy and other supportive measures as per the American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines 32. 95 (63.3 %) of 150 patients were continuously treated with NIV. Apart from these, 55 (36.7 %) patients required MV. In patients with continued NIV, 93 (98 %) recovered, remaining 2 died with sudden cardiac arrest. In patients who were gone for MV, 12 (22 %) survived. CONCLUSIONS Early intervention by NIV in CAP patients suffering from acute respiratory failure secondary to community acquired pneumonia was found to be successful in avoiding mechanical ventilation and its attendant morbidity and mortality31. Early intervention with NIV, identifying risk factors for NIV failure, addressing associated co-morbid conditions will go in a long way in effectively managing these patients by significantly minimizing the ICU and hospital stay. Patients with co-morbidities have more chances of NIV failures. Patients with co morbidities on NIV stayed significantly more number of days in the hospital than patients without co-morbidities. The current study suggests that co morbid patients require more monitoring as compared to patients without co morbidities on NIV. KEY WORDS Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV), Mechanical Ventilation (MV), Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF), Arterial Blood Gas Analysis (ABG), Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Intubation

scholarly journals Comparison of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation in ICU patients with acute respiratory failure and a do-not-intubate orders: a multicentre prospective study OXYPAL

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e045659
Author(s):  
René Robert ◽  
Denis Frasca ◽  
Julie Badin ◽  
C Girault ◽  
Christophe Guitton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Registration Number

IntroductionA palliative approach to intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute respiratory failure and a do-not-intubate order corresponds to a poorly evaluated target for non-invasive oxygenation treatments. Survival alone should not be the only target; it also matters to avoid discomfort and to restore the patient’s quality of life. We aim to conduct a prospective multicentre observational study to analyse clinical practices and their impact on outcomes of palliative high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFOT) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in ICU patients with do-not-intubate orders.Methods and analysisThis is an investigator-initiated, multicentre prospective observational cohort study comparing the three following strategies of oxygenation: HFOT alone, NIV alternating with HFOT and NIV alternating with standard oxygen in patients admitted in the ICU for acute respiratory failure with a do-not-intubate order. The primary outcome is the hospital survival within 14 days after ICU admission in patients weaned from NIV and HFOT. The sample size was estimated at a minimum of 330 patients divided into three groups according to the oxygenation strategy applied. The analysis takes into account confounding factors by modelling a propensity score.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the ethics committee and patients will be included after informed consent. The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT03673631

Barotrauma during non-invasive ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by COVID-19: a balance between risks and benefits

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M Gabrielli ◽  
F Valletta ◽  
F Franceschi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation

Ventilatory support is vital for the management of severe forms of COVID-19. Non-invasive ventilation is often used in patients who do not meet criteria for intubation or when invasive ventilation is not available, especially in a pandemic when resources are limited. Despite non-invasive ventilation providing effective respiratory support for some forms of acute respiratory failure, data about its effectiveness in patients with viral-related pneumonia are inconclusive. Acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 infection causes life-threatening respiratory failure, weakening the lung parenchyma and increasing the risk of barotrauma. Pulmonary barotrauma results from positive pressure ventilation leading to elevated transalveolar pressure, and in turn to alveolar rupture and leakage of air into the extra-alveolar tissue. This article reviews the literature regarding the use of non-invasive ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure associated with COVID-19 and other epidemic or pandemic viral infections and the related risk of barotrauma.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure of obese patients: a brief narrative review

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Maurizio Alessandro Cavalleri ◽  
Elena Barbagelata ◽  
Marco Scudeletti ◽  
Antonello Nicolini
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Acute Setting ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Hypoventilation Syndrome ◽  
High Severity Score

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been used successfully for the management of acute respiratory failure (ARF) more often in the last two decades compared to prior decades; nevertheless, NIV can have failure rates ranging from 5% to 50%. However, there are particular groups of patients that are more likely to benefit from NIV. One of these groups is patients with hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). The aim of this review is to seek evaluation of the effectiveness of NIV in acute setting. Only a few studies have investigated NIV success or failure in OHS patients. More than 30% of them were diagnosed when hospitalized for ARF. NIV rarely failed in reversing ARF. OHS patients who exhibited early NIV failure had a high severity score and a low HCO3 level at admission; more than half of hypercapnic patients with decompensated OHS exhibited a delayed but successful response to NIV. Patients with decompensation of OHS have a better prognosis and response to NIV than other hypercapnic patients. They require more aggressive NIV settings, a longer time to reduce PaCO2 levels, and more frequently a delayed but successful response to NIV.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document