Defining behavioural syndromes and the role of ‘syndrome deviation’ in understanding their evolution

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 1543-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels J. Dingemanse ◽  
Ned A. Dochtermann ◽  
Shinichi Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Syndromes ◽  
Syndrome Deviation

Restless Rainbows And Bold Browns: Personality of Domesticated Trout Predicts Invasiveness And Impact

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara L. O. McGlade ◽  
James W. E. Dickey ◽  
Richard Kennedy ◽  
Shannon Donnelly ◽  
Clare-Ann Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Behavioural Syndromes ◽  
Increased Activity

Abstract Personality and behavioural syndromes are increasingly recognised in many animal species and are now seen as critical to the prediction of non-native species success and impacts. Rainbow trout and brown trout have been introduced globally, but differ in patterns of establishment success and ecological impact. While environmental tolerance may be a driver, thus far the role of behaviour has not been rigorously tested. Here, we investigated whether diploid rainbow trout and diploid and triploid brown trout differ among several key behavioural measures linked to invasibility. We assessed activity, boldness, aggression, and feeding, using open field, novel object, shelter, mirror, feeding, and functional response experiments. We also tested within each fish type for behavioural syndromes comprising correlations among activity, boldness and aggression. Rainbow trout were more active and aggressive but less bold than diploid and triploid brown trout. In small groups, however, rainbow trout were bolder than both types of brown trout. Diploid brown trout were more active and bolder than triploids when tested individually. There was no association between activity and boldness in rainbow trout, but there was in both brown trout. The increased activity and aggression of rainbow trout may reflect an increased stress response to novel situations, with this response reduced in a group. These results suggest that rainbow trout do not manage their energy budgets effectively, and may explain why they are implicated in fewer ecological impacts. Comparative analyses of multiple behaviours of invasive species and genetic variants may thus be key to understanding and predicting invader success and ecological impacts.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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