Multiple approaches to associations of physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet with all-cause mortality in older adults: the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea study

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1569-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cárdenas-Fuentes ◽  
Isaac Subirana ◽  
Miguel A. Martinez-Gonzalez ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽  
Dolores Corella ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (25) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Jiménez Boraita ◽  
Josep María Dalmau Torres ◽  
Esther Gargallo Ibort ◽  
Daniel Arriscado Alsina

La población migrante constituye una parte importante de nuestra realidad social y escolar. Para favorecer su integración en el sistema educativo, es preciso conocer sus hábitos de vida. El objetivo del estudio fue analizarlos y compararlos con los de sus pares españoles. Se seleccionó una muestra representativa de alumnos de sexto de Educación Primaria de Logroño (La Rioja), obteniendo un total de 329 escolares de los 31 centros de la ciudad. Se les administraron cuestionarios de actividad física (PAQ-C), adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (KIDMED), características demográficas y hábitos de vida. También se valoró su composición corporal y condición física.  El alumnado migrante tenía un nivel socioeconómico y cultural más bajo, además de una menor asistencia al comedor y menor práctica de actividad deportiva organizada. A pesar de esto último, no hubo diferencias en los niveles de actividad física o en la capacidad aeróbica. Por otro lado, reportaron una menor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, sin embargo, no hubo diferencias en la composición corporal. Por último, pasaban más horas frente a la pantalla y dormían menos por la noche, variables que podrían estar relacionadas. Las intervenciones sanitarias y educativas deberían valorar estos resultados para favorecer la plena inclusión de la población migrante.AbstractThe immigrant population constitutes an important part of society in both social and educational contexts. In order to assist in the integration of migrants into the education system, it is crucial to understand their lifestyle habits. The objective of the present study was to analyze and compare lifestyle habits between migrants and their Spanish counterparts. A representative sample of 329 students attending the sixth year of primary school was recruited from 31 educational centers in the city of Logroño (La Rioja). Participants self-reported their physical activity (PAQ-C), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (KIDMED), demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits. Data for body composition and physical condition were also collected. Students from an immigrant background reported a lower socioeconomic status and cultural status, besides in reduced attendance to school dining rooms and reduce their engagement in physical activity. With regards to physical activity, there were no differences between Spanish national or migrant students in levels of physical activity or in aerobic capacity. On the other hand, migrant students did report a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Despite this finding, no differences in body composition were reported. Finally, immigrant students reported a higher screen time and slept fewer hours per night, outcomes which could be intrinsically related. The findings of the present research have implications for the development of health and/or educative interventions for the complete integration of the immigrant population.



Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Alejandro Tapia López

El propósito de este trabajo es conocer los niveles de actividad física, el grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y el autoconcepto físico en una muestra de estudiantes de 3º y 4º de la ESO de Benidorm (España). Además, se pretende conocer si existen diferencias en función del sexo en las distintas variables estudiadas. El número de participantes es de 189, siendo el 47.62% chicos (n = 90) y el 52.38% chicas (n = 99), con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 17 años (M = 14.76, DT = 0.75). Se han utilizado diversos instrumentos como el cuestionario sobre la práctica de actividad física (elaboración propia), el cuestionario KIDMED y el cuestionario de autoconcepto físico (CAF). Los resultados de la investigación revelan la necesidad urgente de actuación para la mejora de la adherencia a la actividad física y un adecuado patrón alimentario (dieta mediterránea), observándose diferencias en función del sexo en los niveles de actividad física pero no en el grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Asimismo, se observan peores puntuaciones en todas las escalas del autoconcepto físico en las chicas, a excepción del atractivo físico. Resulta necesaria una actuación para fomentar hábitos saludables en adolescentes que haga partícipe a las familias, los centros educativos y las administraciones públicas. Abstract. The purpose of this project is to assess physical activity levels, degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and physical self-concept in a sample of students from 3rd and 4th grade of ESO (Compulsory Secondary Education) in Benidorm (Spain). Furthermore, it aims to see if there are differences by gender in the studied variables. The sample is composed by 189 students, 47.62% of which are boys (n = 90), and 52.38% are girls (n = 99). Their ages vary from 14 to 17 years old (M = 14.76, DT = 0.75). Different tools, such as an ad-hoc questionnaire about their physical activity, the KIDMED questionnaire, and the physical self-concept questionnaire (CAF), were employed. The results of this research reveal an urgent necessity for action to improve adherence to physical activity and to an adequate diet (Mediterranean diet); the statistical differences between boys and girls are significant in physical activity levels, but not in the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Likewise, worse results are observed in all measurements of physical self-concept in girls, with the exception of physical attractiveness. In order to promote healthy habits in adolescents, it appears necessary to carry out an action plan that involves families, schools, and public administrations.



2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema López Nieves ◽  
Elena Sosa Cordobés ◽  
Almudena Garrido Fernández ◽  
Gabriel Travé González ◽  
Francisca María García-Padilla

Introducción: Los estudiantes universitarios se encuentran en un periodo crítico para el desarrollo y consolidación de estilos de vida futuros. El objetivo fue conocer los hábitos alimentarios, preferencias alimentarias y habilidades culinarias del alumnado de primer curso de las distintas titulaciones de la Universidad de Huelva.Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal durante el año académico 2015-2016 de una muestra final de 756 alumnos. La adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea se ha medido a través del cuestionario KIDMED. El resto de variables se han recogido mediante un cuestionario ad hoc. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante el PSPP, calculándose medias, desviaciones típicas y porcentajes para el análisis descriptivo, prueba de Chi-cuadrado y ANOVA para el análisis relacional.Resultados: El 20,4% del alumnado tiene un nivel óptimo de adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea, frente al 65,3% que posee un nivel medio y un 14,3% bajo. Los alimentos preferidos son pollo (62,2%), pasta (58,2%), cerdo (50,4%) y las patatas fritas (45,9%). Entre los alimentos que saben preparar están la pasta, (93,8%), patatas con huevo (90.2 %), pizza precocinada (88.7 %), zumo (86.1 %) y carne a la plancha (85.8 %).Conclusiones: La dieta de los estudiantes onubenses es muy similar a la de otras poblaciones universitarias estudiadas. Se encontró preferencia por las carnes y alimentos ricos en glúcidos, en detrimento de la fruta y la verdura. Se observó un déficit en las habilidades culinarias, lo cual podría explicar el deterioro del patrón alimentario de éstos y orientar futuras intervenciones. Introduction: Students attending university are at a critical period for the development and consolidation of future lifestyles. The objective of this study was to know the eating habits, food preferences and culinary skills of first-year students on different degree courses at the University of Huelva.Material and Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study in academic year 2015-2016 of a sample of 756 students. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was measured by the KIDMED questionnaire. The rest of the variables were measured by an ad hoc questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the PSPP programme, calculating arithmetic means, standard deviations and percentages for the descriptive analysis, with Chi-square test and ANOVA for the relational analysis.Results: 20.4% of students have an optimal level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, compared to 65.3% % with an average level and 14.3% with low adherence. Favourite foods cited were chicken (62.2%), pasta (58.2%), pork (50.4%) and chips (45.9%). The types of food the students knew how to prepare included pasta (93.8%), egg and chips (90.2%), precooked pizza (88.7%), fruit juices (86.1%) and grilled meat (85.8%).Conclusions: Huelva university students diet is very similar to that of other university populations studied. We found a preference for meat and foods rich in carbohydrates, to the detriment of fruit and vegetables. A lack of culinary skills was observed, which could explain the deterioration in eating habits; this is a pointer to future interventions.



Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 552-559
Author(s):  
Pablo Galan-Lopez ◽  
Thordis Gisladóttir ◽  
Francis Ries

La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM) y una práctica regular de ejercicio físico se asocian positivamente con una mejor calidad de vida y con una reducción de los niveles de sobrepeso, obesidad y patologías asociadas. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, motivos para la práctica de ejercicio físico y posibles relaciones con los elementos de composición corporal (IMC, % Grasa Corporal y Circunferencia de Cintura) en 387 adolescentes islandeses (54% chicos, 46% chicas, Medad=15.03). Se realizaron análisis de Chi-cuadrado (χ2), t-Student y Anova. La adherencia a la DM de los sujetos se clasifica media/alta. Los valores más bajos se encontraron en sujetos de mayor edad. La práctica de ejercicio físico de los mismos participantes en este estudio responde a motivaciones intrínsecas (Diversión y Bienestar, Fuerza y Resistencia Muscular, Desafío, Competición, Agilidad y Flexibilidad, Afiliación, Prevención y Salud Positiva). La investigación arroja asociaciones entre adherencia a la DM y elementos de composición corporal; así como entre IMC y porcentaje de grasa con motivos de práctica de ejercicio físico (peso e imagen corporal). En conclusión, el conocimiento generado en la presente investigación hace posible la comprensión y el acercamiento en mayor profundidad a las motivaciones del alumnado participante, así como sus niveles de adherencia a la DM. Todo ello habrá de ser utilizado por los docentes de Educación Física (EF) para la planificación, diseño y desarrollo de su docencia.Abstract: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and regular practice of physical exercise are positively associated with better quality of life and with reduction of the levels of overweight, obesity, and associated pathologies. This study aims to analyze adherence to the Mediterranean diet, reasons for exercising and possible relationships with elements of body composition (BMI, Body Fat %, and Waist Circumference) in 387 Icelandic adolescents (54% boys, 46% Girls, Mage=15.03). Chi-Square (χ2), t-student test, and Anova analyses were performed. Subjects’ adherence to MD is classified as medium/high. The lowest values were found in older subjects. Physical exercise practice of the participants in this study responds to intrinsic motivations (Revitalization and Enjoyment, Strength and Endurance, Challenge, Competition, Nimbleness and Affiliation). The research shows associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and elements of body composition; as well as between BMI and percentage of fat with reasons of physical exercise practice (Weight Management and Body Image). In conclusion, the knowledge generated in this research makes possible to understand and approach with better precision participating students’ motivations, as well as their levels of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. All this will have to be used by Physical Education teachers for planning, designing and developing their teaching.



2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 225-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Clement-Carbonell ◽  
Rosario Ferrer-Cascales ◽  
Ana Zaragoza-Martí ◽  
Nicolás Ruiz-Robledillo ◽  
Manuel Fernández-Alcántara ◽  
...  


Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
Eduardo Melguizo Ibáñez ◽  
Félix Zurita Ortega ◽  
Jose Luis Ubago Jiménez ◽  
Gabriel González Valero

  La dieta mediterránea está considerada como uno de los modelos dietéticos más sanos y convenientes, por eso el objetivo principal de esta investigación es detallar el tipo de dieta y los niveles de inteligencia emocional en los estudiantes, así como establecer las relaciones entre estas variables. Por esta razón, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de carácter descriptivo donde han participado un total de 293 estudiantes de la provincia de Granada, usando para la recogida de los datos un cuestionario socio académico ad hoc, y los test KIDMED y Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24). Finalmente, los datos aluden que un elevado porcentaje de sujetos practican más de tres horas de actividad física fuera del colegio y necesitan mejorar la dieta, mientras que más de la mitad de la población que exhibe una dieta de baja calidad, refleja una adecuada atención emocional. Abstract. Mediterranean diet is widely believed to be one of the most convenient and healthiest around. The primary aim of this research is to detail the type of diet and emotional intelligence levels in students, as well as corroborating the connection between these factors. To this end, a descriptive investigation has been carried out with 293 students from the province of Granada, using both a socio-academic questionnaire and two tests, KIDMED and Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) respectively, in order to collect a comprehensive dataset. Finally, the data reveals that a high percentage of students who practice more than three hours of physical activity out of the school need to improve their diet, whilst more than half of the students who show a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, manifest a suitable level of emotional attention.



2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Hershey ◽  
Ismael Álvarez Álvarez ◽  
Clara Gómez-Donoso ◽  
Alfredo Gea ◽  
Alfredo Martínez ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives We assessed the population impact of the joint effect of the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and physical activity (PA) in a Spanish cohort. Methods We used data from the SUN (“Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) study, a dynamic cohort of university graduates. We used a MedDiet score (MDS) of 0–9 points and PA score of 0–8 points. Adjusted multivariable Cox regression models were used to study the individual and joint effects of the MedDiet and PA on all-cause mortality. To assess adherence to MDS, PA, or the combination of both, the highest tertiles of each served as references. P-values for interaction were calculated for the Relative Risk due to Interaction (RERI) and the attributable proportion due to interaction. We calculated the population attributable risk (PAR) and the rate advancement period (RAP) as the aging effect attributable to the lowest combination of MDS and PA score. Results We recruited 20,127 participants, 61.5% female and 37 years-old mean age. After a mean follow-up of 10.9 months, 347 deaths were confirmed. The lowest adherence to PA was associated with a 69% increased risk of all-cause mortality compared with the highest tertile (95%CI;1.32–2.17). MDS, as a continuous variable, was also inversely significantly associated with total mortality. The joint effect showed a trend towards an increased risk for all-cause mortality. Using the highest MedDiet and PA as reference, the HR for death in participants with lowest adherence to both was 2.08 (1.28–3.37). We observed a positive but non-significant additive interaction between MedDiet and PA (RERI for the lowest MedDiet and PA = 0.54, (95% CI;0.64–1.72, P = 0.367). We estimated that 48% (95%CI; −0.33–1.30) of the joint effect was attributable to the interaction between MedDiet and PA. The RAP for participants with the lowest tertiles of both MedDiet and PA was 10 years (95% CI: 2.97–17.13). An estimated 28% (95% CI: 11%–43%) of all premature deaths may have been prevented if all participants exhibited high MedDiet and PA levels. Conclusions A combination of poor MedDiet adherence and low PA levels account for almost 30% of all-cause mortality. Public health interventions combining both diet and PA could have a substantial impact at the population level. Funding Sources Spanish Government-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Fund for Regional & Economic Development, CIBER-OBN, Navarra Government. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs



2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Maria Soledad Hershey ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González ◽  
Ismael Álvarez-Álvarez ◽  
José Alfredo Martínez Hernández ◽  
Miguel Ruiz-Canela

Abstract Diet and physical activity (PA) have been studied extensively in epidemiology as single or combined lifestyle factors; however, their interaction has not been studied thoroughly. Studying potential synergisms between lifestyle components with a comprehensive interaction analysis, including additive measures of interaction, provides key insights into the nature of their joint effect and helps target interventions more effectively. First, a comprehensive review was conducted to assess the potential research gap regarding reported interaction analyses conducted in studies assessing the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in combination with PA on all-cause mortality. Thereafter, we prospectively assessed the joint association of the MedDiet with PA on all-cause mortality in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort, followed by both multiplicative and additive interaction analyses. The conjoint effect of low adherence to the MedDiet and low PA observed an increased risk greater than the individual risk factors, suggesting a potential additive interaction or synergism between both exposures, with relative risk due to interaction (RERI) and (95 % confidence interval (95 % CI)) = 0·46 (–0·83 to 1·75) and attributable proportion (95 % CI) due to interaction of 36 % (–0·62, 1·34). No multiplicative interaction was detected. Studying interactions between lifestyle factors, such as the MedDiet and PA, is particularly relevant given the current research gaps in studying the complexities of combined aspects of lifestyle in comparison with isolated behaviours. Our findings underline the important public health message of adhering to both the MedDiet and PA for the prevention of premature mortality.



Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Enrique García Ordóñez ◽  
Guillerme Fernández Lorenzo

  El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los beneficios de una intervención educativa de gamificación en la mejora de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, como uno de los ítems de los hábitos saludables. Se empleó un diseño cuasiexperimental de dos grupos, grupo experimental (GE) y un grupo control (GC) con medidas pretest y postest (tras las cinco semanas de duración de la propuesta). Participaron 38 estudiantes de primer ciclo de educación primaria, con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y los 7 años, pertenecientes a dos colegios distintos de Galicia. Se realizó una estadística descriptiva y se analizó la distribución de los datos con la prueba Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Para comprobar la existencia o no de diferencias significativas entre las variables dependientes de ambos grupos (experimental y control) se realizó una prueba t-Student para muestras independientes con el objetivo de comparar la variable de adherencia pre intervención y post intervención. Al término de la intervención los resultados, a pesar de no ser significativos, muestran una mejora en cuanto a la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en el grupo experimental (aumentando en 1,1 puntos) así como un mayor porcentaje de adherencia alta en el grupo experimental (64,7%) después de la intervención que en el grupo control (61,9%). En conclusión, el conocimiento generado en la presente investigación hace posible la comprensión y el acercamiento en mayor profundidad a los niveles de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y como una intervención de gamificación puede contribuir a mejorar los resultados. Todo ello habrá de ser utilizado por los docentes de educación primaria para la planificación, diseño y desarrollo de su docencia.  Abstract: The objective of this research was to evaluate the benefits of an educational gamification intervention in improving adherence to the Mediterranean diet, as one of the items of healthy habits. A quasi-experimental design of two groups, experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG) with pre-test and post-test measures (after the five-week duration of the proposal) participated. 38 students of the fist cycle of primary education, aged between 6 and 7 years old, belonging to two different schools in Galicia. Descriptive statistics were performed and the distribution of the data was analyzed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. To verify the existence or not of significant differences between the dependent variables comparison of both groups (experimental and control), a t-student test was performed for independent samples in order to compare the pre-intervention and post-intervention adherence variable. At the end of the improvement in terms of adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the experimental group (increasing by 1.1 points), as well as higher percentage of high adherence in the experimental group (64,7%) after the intervention than in the control group (61,9%). In conclusion, the knowledge generated in the present research makes it possible to understand and approach in greater depth what is a level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and how a gamification intervention can contribute to improving results. All of this will have to be used by primary education teachers for the planning, design and development of their teaching.



2014 ◽  
Vol 174 (10) ◽  
pp. 1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Schröder ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽  
Miguel Angel Martínez-González ◽  
Montserrat Fíto ◽  
Dolores Corella ◽  
...  


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document