Preliminary evidence of blunted humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in multiple sclerosis patients treated with ocrelizumab

: The COVID-19 pandemic and the mass vaccination campaign highlighted the situation of the most vulnerable patients. In this work, we focused attention on patients who have Multiple Sclerosis (MS), particularly in treatment with cladribine tablets, trying to understand if and when it is possible to administer the vaccine successfully. Considering the innovative topic, we reviewed the existing literature with an analysis of the experiences also related to other vaccinations, including influenza and VZV, and very recent data from countries with vaccination campaigns already advanced. Overall, we have taken into account the mechanism of action, the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic of cladribine and the changes in the immune system after its administration, together with the preliminary data about the humoral response to influenza, VZV and SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in cladribine treated patients. In conclusion, data showed that the use of cladribine tablets seems to permit flexibility regarding vaccination timing and we suggest that vaccination in those patients should be safe and effective.

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Natalizumab modulates the humoral response against HERV-Wenv73–88 in a follow-up study of Multiple Sclerosis patients

Journal of the Neurological Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.jns.2015.07.007 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 357 (1-2) ◽

pp. 106-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Giannina Arru ◽

Elisa Caggiu ◽

Stefania Leoni ◽

Giuseppe Mameli ◽

Maura Pugliatti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

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Association of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and SLC11A1 polymorphisms in Sardinian multiple sclerosis patients

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.2737 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (03) ◽

pp. 203-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Davide Cossu ◽

Speranza Masala ◽

Eleonora Cocco ◽

Daniela Paccagnini ◽

Stefania Tranquilli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Autoimmune Disease ◽

Mycobacterium Avium ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Specific Pcr ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Introduction: Recent findings propose that Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection could act as risk factor in favoring multiple sclerosis (MS) progression. SLC11A1 is a gene associated with mycobacterial survival in the host and it may be involved in the induction and maintenance of autoimmune disease. Methodology: In this preliminary study, 100 MS patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs) from Sardinia were enrolled. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SLC11A gene were searched by PCR RFLP-genotyping. IS900 specie specific PCR was undertaken to search for MAP presence. Indirect ELISA was performed to asses if MS patients displayed a stronger humoral response against MAP2694 protein compared to the HCs. Results: Only rs2276631 SNP was associated with MS. MAP DNA was detected in 23 out of 100 MS patients (23%) and in 7 out of 100 HCs (7%). A strong humoral response against MAP2694 protein was detected in 36% of MS patients and only in 3% of HCs. A correlation between ELISA sero-positivity and the rs2276631 SNP was also found. Conclusion: Our preliminary results suggest that the Sardinian population might be prone to develop autoimmune disease due to polymorphisms in immunomodulating the SLC11A1 gene, which is important in the immune response against intracellular bacteria such as MAP.

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Evaluation of the humoral response against mycobacterial peptides, homologous to MOG35–55, in multiple sclerosis patients

Journal of the Neurological Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.jns.2014.09.023 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 347 (1-2) ◽

pp. 78-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Davide Cossu ◽

Giuseppe Mameli ◽

Speranza Masala ◽

Eleonora Cocco ◽

Jessica Frau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

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Sa.16. Multiple Sclerosis Patients Exhibit a Unique Humoral Response to the Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen-1

Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.clim.2006.04.248 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 119 ◽

pp. S110

Author(s):

Latisha Heinlen ◽

Micah McClain ◽

Andrew Pachner ◽

John Harley ◽

Judith James

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Nuclear Antigen ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

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B-cell depleters attenuate the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in multiple sclerosis patients: a case-control study

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.msard.2021.103413 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103413

Author(s):

William L. Conte

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

B Cell ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Case Control ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽

Control Study

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Higher EBV response is associated with more severe gray matter and lesion pathology in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients: A case-controlled magnetization transfer ratio study

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458519828667 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 322-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Dejan Jakimovski ◽

Murali Ramanathan ◽

Bianca Weinstock-Guttman ◽

Niels Bergsland ◽

Deepa P Ramasamay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Magnetization Transfer ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Nuclear Antigen ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽

Lesion Volume ◽

Transfer Ratio ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection has been associated with higher clinical activity and risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To evaluate associations between EBV-specific humoral response and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR)-derived measure in MS patients and healthy controls (HCs). Methods: The study included 101 MS patients (69 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 32 secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS)) and 41 HCs who underwent clinical, serological, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations. MTR values of T1 or T2 lesion volume (LV), normal-appearing (NA) brain tissue (NABT), gray matter (NAGM), and white matter (NAWM) were obtained. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify EBV antibody levels. Partial correlations corrected for MRI strength were used, and Benjamini–Hochberg–adjusted p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: MS patients had significantly higher anti-EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) titer when compared to HCs (107.9 U/mL vs 27.8 U/mL, p < 0.001). Within the MS group, higher serum anti-EBNA-1 titer was significantly correlated with lower T1-LV MTR ( r = –0.287, p = 0.035). Within the RRMS group, higher serum anti-EBNA-1 titer was associated with T1-LV MTR ( r = –0.524, p = 0.001) and NAGM MTR ( r = –0.308, p = 0.043). These associations were not present in HCs or SPMS patients. Conclusion: Greater EBV humoral response is associated with lower GM MTR changes and focal destructive lesion pathology in RRMS patients.

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Serological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in multiple sclerosis patients treated with fingolimod or ocrelizumab: an initial real-life experience

Journal of Neurology ◽

10.1007/s00415-021-10663-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Guerrieri S. ◽

Lazzarin S. ◽

Zanetta C. ◽

Nozzolillo A. ◽

Filippi M. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Life Experience ◽

Serological Test ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Real Life ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Clinical History ◽

Serological Response ◽

Real Life Setting ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Abstract Background Recent observations suggest a lack of humoral response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with fingolimod or ocrelizumab Objectives To assess serological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in MS patients receiving these disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) in a real-life setting. Methods Retrospective clinical data collection from MS patients followed at San Raffaele Hospital MS Centre (Milan, Italy). All patients treated with fingolimod or ocrelizumab who had received a complete anti-COVID-19 vaccination course, with no clinical history suggestive of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and with an available post-vaccination serological assay obtained at least 14 days after vaccination completion were considered for the study. Results We collected data from 32 MS patients, 16 treated with fingolimod and 16 receiving ocrelizumab. Among the fingolimod group 10 patients (62.5%) had a positive serological response after vaccination and among ocrelizumab-treated patients a positive serological test was found in six cases (37.5%). No relation between serological response and clinical features (i.e., treatment duration, time between vaccination and last treatment dose, and white blood cells count) was identified. Conclusions Our initial real-life experience suggests a variable antibody production in MS patients receiving these DMTs. At present, there are no sufficient data to do not recommend anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in these patients.

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