Site effect assessment using KiK-net data: part 2—site amplification prediction equation based on f0 and Vsz

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cadet Héloïse ◽  
Pierre-Yves Bard ◽  
Anne-Marie Duval ◽  
Etienne Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Site Effect ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Effect Assessment

scholarly journals Erratum to: Site effect assessment using KiK-net data: part 2—site amplification prediction equation based on f0 and Vsz

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héloïse Cadet ◽  
Pierre-Yves Bard ◽  
Anne-Marie Duval ◽  
Etienne Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Site Effect ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Effect Assessment

A New Ground-Motion Prediction Equation of Japanese Instrumental Seismic Intensities Reflecting Source Type Characteristics in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 2661-2692
Author(s):  
Ritsuko S. Matsu’ura ◽  
Hiroto Tanaka ◽  
Mitsuko Furumura ◽  
Tsutomu Takahama ◽  
Akemi Noda
Keyword(s):  
Site Effect ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Philippine Sea Plate ◽  
Intraplate Earthquakes ◽  
Historical Seismology ◽  
Crustal Earthquakes ◽  
Ogasawara Islands ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
New Equation

ABSTRACT A new equation for predicting Japanese instrumental seismic intensities at arbitrary surface sites in Japan for Mw 5.4–8.7 and distances ranging from 10 to 1000 km was derived from approximately 30,000 observed intensities for various types of earthquakes. The equation incorporates the differences in the subsurface characteristics immediately beneath each site using VS30. The equation can also predict the abnormal intensities (which are indispensable in Japan) due to subducting slabs using the depth of the slab surface beneath each site from the Crustal Activity Modeling Program standard plate model. The prediction equation can be applied to five source types: Pacific Ocean plate (PAC) interplate, PAC intraplate, very shallow crustal, shallow (≤50  km) Philippine Sea plate (PHS) intraplate, and intermediate-depth (>50  km) PHS intraplate earthquakes. Although the equation is applicable at various magnitudes and distances, the standard deviations (σ) are 0.5–0.6, which are smaller than those of other equations with narrower distance ranges. Smaller σ values were achieved by the inversion of 29,837 Japanese instrumental seismic intensities from 68 selected earthquakes of five source types with a common site effect at each station. A deep Mw 7.9 earthquake that occurred at a depth of 680 km in 2015 near the Ogasawara Islands and subjected all of Japan to long-duration shaking due to waves propagating through the mantle was effectively employed to constrain the VS30 term of the equation. The equations for PAC interplate and very shallow earthquakes were validated by seven earthquakes that were not used for the inversion; the standard deviations for these earthquakes fell in the range of 0.41–0.53. The formula for very shallow crustal earthquakes is also able to predict the intensities of PHS interplate earthquakes. Hence, this equation is useful not only for engineering applications but also for historical seismology to distinguish the source types of ancient earthquakes.

Application of Site Amplification Factors to Determine the Local Magnitude from Borehole Seismic Stations in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tz-Shin Lai ◽  
Yih-Min Wu ◽  
Wei-An Chao
Keyword(s):  
Site Effect ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Earthquake Catalog ◽  
Local Magnitude ◽  
Broadband Seismometer ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Amplification Factors ◽  
Attenuation Function ◽  
Borehole Seismic

<p>Since the inception of 62 borehole seismic arrays deployed by Central Weather Bureau (CWB) in Taiwan until the end of 2018, a large quantity of strong-motion records have been accumulated from frequently occurring earthquakes around Taiwan, which provide an opportunity to detect micro-seismicity. Each borehole array includes two force balance accelerometers, one at the surface and other at a depth of a few ten-to-hundred (30-492) meters, as well as one broadband seismometer is below the borehole accelerometer. In general, the background seismic noise level are lower at the downhole stations than surface stations. However, the seismograms recorded by the downhole stations are smaller than surface stations due to the near-surface site effect. In Taiwan, the local magnitude (M<sub>L</sub>) determinations use the attenuation function derived from surface stations. Therefore, the M<sub>L</sub> will be underestimated by using current attenuation function for downhole stations. In this study, we used 19079 earthquakes to investigate the site amplification at subsurface materials between downhole and surface stations. Results demonstrate the amplification factors ranging from 1.11 to 5.74, provide the site effect parameter at shallow layers and have a strong relationship with Vs30. Further, we apply the amplification factors to revise the station local magnitude for downhole station. The revised M<sub>L</sub> at downhole stations correlate well with the M<sub>L</sub> at surface stations. Implement of the downhole station in the M<sub>L</sub> determination, it enhances the ability to detect the micro-earthquake and makes the earthquake catalog more comprehensive in Taiwan.</p>

A Comparison of Ground-Motion Parameters for the Vertical Components from the Western and the Southwestern Parts of China with Recent Ground-Motion Prediction Equations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Xing ◽  
John X. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Constant Term ◽  
Site Effect ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Motion Prediction ◽  
Ground Motion Prediction ◽  
Vertical Ground Motions ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Suitable Reference

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the source, path, and site effects of the vertical ground motions from the western and the southwestern parts of China (referred to as SWC hereafter) using 2403 records from 449 earthquakes, including the records from the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake and its aftershocks. Only 677 records are from 73 mainshocks, and 259 events do not have a known focal mechanism. There is a large magnitude gap in the dataset, for example, there is only one event between Mw 6.3 and Mw 7.8. The average numbers of records per recording station and per earthquake are small, and many sites do not have a measured shear-wave velocity profile. These shortcomings make it difficult to develop a robust ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) without adding overseas data or using a reference GMPE developed from a large dataset. We compared the SWC dataset with five recent GMPEs, three based on the Next Generation Attenuation-West2 dataset, one based on Europe and the Middle East, and one based on the shallow-crustal and upper-mantle earthquakes in Japan. We decomposed the total residuals for each model into constant term, between-event, and within-event residuals and calculated the corresponding standard deviations. The maximum log likelihood and the standard deviations suggest that, among the five GMPEs, the Zhao et al. (2017) model without the normal-fault term may be the most suitable GMPE for a probabilistic seismic hazard study in the SWC region. Correction functions based on simple magnitude, path, and site effect parameters were used to correct the residuals and to obtain the leftover between- and within-event standard deviations. These standard deviations appear to suggest that the GMPE from Zhao et al. (2017) without a normal-fault term may be the most suitable reference GMPE for developing a new GMPE for the SWC region.

From ambient noise recordings to site effect assessment: The case study of Barcelona microzonation

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héloïse Cadet ◽  
Albert Macau ◽  
Beatriz Benjumea ◽  
Fabian Bellmunt ◽  
Sara Figueras
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Site Effect ◽  
Effect Assessment

scholarly journals Estimation of S-Wave Velocity Profiles at Lima City, Peru Using Microtremor Arrays

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selene Quispe ◽  
◽  
Kosuke Chimoto ◽  
Hiroaki Yamanaka ◽  
Hernando Tavera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Site Effect ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Phase Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Seismic Recording ◽  
Phase Velocity Dispersion Curve ◽  
Alluvial Material

Microtremor exploration was performed around seismic recording stations at five sites in Lima city, Peru in order to know the site amplification at these sites. The Spatial Autocorrelation (SPAC) method was applied to determine the observed phase velocity dispersion curve, which was subsequently inverted in order to estimate the 1-D S-wave velocity structure. From these results, the theoretical amplification factor was calculated to evaluate the site effect at each site. S-wave velocity profiles at alluvial gravel sites have S-wave velocities ranging from ∼500 to ∼1500 m/s which gradually increase with depth, while Vs profiles at sites located on fine alluvial material such as sand and silt have Swave velocities that vary between ∼200 and ∼500 m/s. The site responses of all Vs profiles show relatively high amplification levels at frequencies larger than 3 Hz. The average transfer function was calculated to make a comparison with values within the existing amplification map of Lima city. These calculations agreed with the proposed site amplification ranges.

Site effects on Gros Morne Hill, Port-au-Prince, Haïti

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Balder Havenith ◽  
Sophia Ulysse
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Site Effect ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Refraction Tomography ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Earthquake Data

<p>After the M = 7.0 Haiti earthquake in 2010, many teams completed seismic risk studies in Port-au-Prince to better understand why this not extraordinarily strong event had induced one of the most severe earthquake disasters in history (at least in the Western World). Most highlighted the low construction quality as the main cause for the disaster, but some also pointed to possible soil and topographic amplification effects, especially in the lower and central parts of Port-au-Prince (e.g., close to the harbor). Therefore, we completed a detailed site effect study for Gros-Morne hill located in the district of Pétion-Ville, southeast of Port-au-Prince by using near surface geophysical methods. The horizontal to vertical spectral ratio technique was applied to ambient vibrations and earthquake data, and multichannel analysis of surface waves and P-wave refraction tomography calculation were applied to seismic data. Standard spectral ratios were computed for the S-wave windows of the earthquake data recorded by a small temporary seismic network. Electrical resistivity tomography profiles were also performed in order to image the structure of the subsurface and detect the presence of water.</p><p>Different site effect components are represented for the entire survey area; we present maps of shear wave velocity variations, of changing fundamental resonance frequencies, and of related estimates of soft soil/rock thickness, of peak spectral amplitudes and of ambient ground motion polarization. Results have also been compiled within a 3D surface-subsurface model of the hill that helps visualize the geological characteristics of the area, which are relevant for site effect analyses. From the 3D geomodel we extracted one 2D geological section along the short-axis of the hill, crossing it near the location of the Hotel Montana on top of the hill, which had been destroyed during the earthquake and has now been rebuilt. This cross-section was used for dynamic numerical modelling of seismic ground motion and for related site amplification calculation. The numerical results are compared with the site amplification characteristics that had been estimated from the ambient vibration measurements and the earthquake recordings. Related results only partly confirm the strong seismic amplification effects highlighted by previous papers for this hill site, which had been explained by the effects of the local topographic and soil characteristics.</p>

scholarly journals Ground-motion prediction equation and site effect characterization for the central area of the Main Syncline, Upper Silesia Coal Basin, Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 474-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Jan Mendecki ◽  
Angelika Duda ◽  
Adam Idziak
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Site Effect ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Motion Prediction ◽  
Ground Motion Prediction Equation ◽  
Ground Motion Prediction ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Upper Silesia

Abstract The aim of the study was to find the best model of ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) forecasting peak ground acceleration (PGA) caused by induced seismicity. The maximum values of PGA on the surface are a major seismic threat for the infrastructure, especially in the highly urbanized areas, such is the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Area. The forecasting equations were estimated based on the values of PGA, epicenter distances and mining tremor energy registered by 14 surface seismometer stations located in the central area of the Main Syncline of the Upper Silesia Coal Basin. Data were collected within the period from January 2010 to December 2016, and the total number of seismic events used in the calculations was 15 541. The final model predicted the PGA values and amplification coefficients representing the characteristics of the site effects under seismometer stations.

scholarly journals Site Effect Assessment of the Gros-Morne Hill Area in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, Part A: Geophysical-Seismological Survey Results

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Ulysse ◽  
Dominique Boisson ◽  
Claude Prépetit ◽  
Hans-Balder Havenith
Keyword(s):  
Site Effect ◽  
Effect Assessment ◽  
Hill Area ◽  
Survey Results
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