scholarly journals Lightweight lignocellulosic foams for thermal insulation

Cellulose ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tia Lohtander ◽  
Reima Herrala ◽  
Päivi Laaksonen ◽  
Sami Franssila ◽  
Monika Österberg

AbstractFoams are mainly composed of dispersed gas trapped in a liquid or solid phase making them lightweight and thermally insulating materials. Additionally, they are applicable for large surfaces, which makes them attractive for thermal insulation. State-of-the-art thermally insulating foams are made of synthetic polymeric materials such as polystyrene. This work focuses on generating foam from surfactants and renewable lignocellulosic materials for thermally insulating stealth material. The effect of two surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and polysorbate (T80)), two cellulosic materials (bleached pulp and nanocellulose), and lignin on the foaming and stability of foam was investigated using experimental design and response surface methodology. The volume-optimized foams determined using experimental design were further studied with optical microscopy and infrared imaging. The results of experimental design, bubble structure of foams, and observations of their thermal conductivity showed that bleached pulp foam made using SDS as surfactant produced the highest foam volume, best stability, and good thermal insulation. Lignin did not improve the foaming or thermal insulation properties of the foam, but it was found to improve the structural stability of foam and brought natural brown color to the foam. Both wet and dry lignocellulosic foams provided thermal insulation comparable to dry polystyrene foam. Graphical abstract

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2764-2776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zélie Triaux ◽  
Hugues Petitjean ◽  
Eric Marchioni ◽  
Damien Steyer ◽  
Christophe Marcic

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Pauzi Abdullah ◽  
Kamarruddin Asri ◽  
Mohamad Salleh Ramli ◽  
Maimunah Sulaiman Wahid ◽  
Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik

2006 ◽  
Vol 349 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiteru Kobayashi ◽  
Naoyuki Kohno ◽  
Shoko Wanibe ◽  
Kazunari Hirayasu ◽  
Hitoshi Uemori ◽  
...  

1973 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. S. Grant ◽  
A. Neuberger

1. A specific and quantitative radioimmunoassay was developed for the measurement of low concentrations of human and rabbit Tamm—Horsfall glycoprotein in the presence of other proteins. Antibody-coated tubes were used as a solid phase in the assay and the optimum antibody concentration and duration of antibody coating were established. 2. Pure Tamm—Horsfall glycoprotein was labelled with 125I and, because of its apparent susceptibility to radiation damage, was labelled at weekly intervals. 3. Sodium dodecyl sulphate, an ionic detergent, was included in the assay at a final concentration of 0.0005% to disaggregate the glycoprotein. An overnight preincubation step in the presence of the detergent was necessary before the disaggregated glycoprotein solutions were allowed to react with the antibody. Pretreatment of the tracer with detergent was not necessary. 4. Two glycoprotein standards were prepared fresh for each assay from freeze-dried material. The average linear range of the assay was between approx. 150 ng/ml and 2.5 μg/ml. Albumin was only shown to interfere with the assay at concentrations greater than 100 μg/ml. 5. Urines were dialysed against water for 3 days before assay to remove inhibitory material. Urines were never frozen as this was found to affect the assay. 6. A recovery experiment showed that the pure freeze-dried standard behaved in an immunologically identical way to the urinary glycoprotein. 7. Human Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein cross-reacted with guinea-pig anti-(rabbit Tamm—Horsfall) antiserum and rabbit Tamm—Horsfall glycoprotein cross-reacted with guinea-pig anti-(human Tamm—Horsfall) antiserum, but not with rabbit anti-(human Tamm—Horsfall) antiserum. This showed a partial immunological identity between Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein from humans and rabbits which was only evident when the antiserum was raised in a third species. 8. The excretion rate of Tamm—Horsfall glycoprotein in normal humans was found to be 48.1 ± 9.6 (SD) mg/24 h for males and 50.5 ± 14.8 (SD) mg/24 h for females. The mean excretion rate of the glycoprotein in New Zealand White rabbits was 34.8 ± 7.9 mg/24 h.


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