scholarly journals A Novel Point-of-Care Rapid Diagnostic Test for Screening Individuals for Antibody Deficiencies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirli Israeli ◽  
Allison Golden ◽  
Melissa Atalig ◽  
Najla Mekki ◽  
Afef Rais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Common Variable Immunodeficiency ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Primary Antibody ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Primary Antibody Deficiencies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hyper Igm ◽  
Common Variable

Abstract Purpose No rapid diagnostic test exists to screen individuals for primary antibody deficiencies (PAD) at or near the point of care. In settings at risk for polio where live oral polio vaccine is utilized, undiagnosed PAD patients and cases with delayed diagnosis constitute a potential reservoir for neurovirulent polioviruses, undermining polio eradication. This research aimed to develop a rapid screening test suited for use in resource-limited settings to identify individuals with low immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, enabling early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Methods Three prototype tests distinguishing low and normal IgG levels were evaluated with a blinded panel of serum/plasma specimens from 32 healthy controls and 86 primary immunodeficiency-confirmed patients with agammaglobulinemia, common variable immunodeficiency, and hyper-IgM syndrome, including 57 not receiving IgG therapy. Prototype tests were compared to laboratory reference and clinical case definition. Results The leading prototype correctly identified 32 of 32 healthy controls. Among primary antibody deficiency patients not receiving IgG treatment, 17 of 19 agammaglobulinemia, 7 of 24 common variable immunodeficiency, and 5 of 14 hyper-IgM were correctly identified by the prototype, with 67% agreement with the reference assay. Conclusion The Rapid IgG Screen (RIgGS) test can differentiate between low IgG levels associated with agammaglobulinemia and normal IgG antibody levels. Differentiating CVID and hyper IgM was challenging due to the wide range in IgG levels and influence of high IgM. This test can facilitate the identification of patients with primary antibody deficiencies and support polio surveillance initiatives.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in common variable immunodeficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 205873922110024
Author(s):  
Sevgen Tanir Basaranoglu ◽  
Sukru Cekic ◽  
Emine Kirhan ◽  
Melahat Dirican ◽  
Sara S. Kilic
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Common Variable Immunodeficiency ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Common Variable

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogenous group of immunologic disorders of unknown etiology. Alterations of the normal cellular balance due to an increase in reactive oxygen species and/or decrease in antioxidant defense may lead to increased oxidative stress. We aimed to evaluate the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with CVID who had different presentations. We investigated the serum catalase (CAT), erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), erythrocyte reduced glutathione as antioxidants and serum malondialdehyde levels as lipid peroxidation marker in patients with CVID in Uludag University Hospital Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology’s outpatient clinics. In the analysis, there were 21 patients and 27 matched healthy controls. The median levels of CAT in patients with CVID was significantly lower than in healthy controls ( p = 0.04). Among the patients with CVID, 19% had autoimmune disease, one had Sjögren’s syndrome, one had autoimmune alopecia, one had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and one had chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Patients with autoimmune complications had significantly lower CAT levels compared to the ones without autoimmune diseases ( p = 0.03). The patients without non-infectious complications (NICs) had lower SOD levels than the patients with NICs ( p = 0.05). The analysis of oxidative stress markers in the patients with CVID suggested a series of abnormalities in the anti-oxidant system. The clinical syndrome associations may be a useful tool for future studies to set prediction markers for the prognosis of patients with CVID.

scholarly journals Common variable immunodeficiency patients display elevated plasma levels of granulocyte activation markers elastase and myeloperoxidase

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 205873841984338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Litzman ◽  
Zita Chovancová ◽  
Petr Bejdák ◽  
Marek Litzman ◽  
Zdeněk Hel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Variable Immunodeficiency ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Common Variable ◽  
Ivig Administration

Common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVIDs) represent a group of primary immunodeficiency diseases characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and dysfunctional immune response to invading pathogens. Previous studies have indicated that CVID is associated with microbial translocation and systemic myeloid cell activation. The goal of this study was to determine whether patients with CVID display elevated systemic levels of markers of granulocyte activation and whether the levels are further influenced by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) infusions. The plasma levels of granulocyte activation markers elastase and myeloperoxidase were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 46 CVID patients and 44 healthy controls. All CVID patients were in a stable state with no apparent acute infection. In addition, granulocyte activation markers’ plasma levels in 24 CVID patients were determined prior to and 1 h following IVIg administration. Neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase plasma levels were significantly higher in CVID patients than in healthy controls. Systemic elastase levels were further increased following IVIg administration. In vitro stimulation of 13 CVID patients’ whole blood using IVIg in a therapeutically relevant dose for 2 h resulted in a significant increase in plasma elastase levels compared to unstimulated blood. The data presented here indicate that CVID is associated with chronic granulocytic activation which is further exacerbated by administering IVIg. Increased myeloperoxidase and elastase levels may contribute to associated comorbidities in CVID patients.

scholarly journals Increased Expression of B Lymphocyte Induced Maturation Protein 1 (BLIMP1) in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shockrollah Farrokhi ◽  
Faezeh Abbasi-rad ◽  
Nafiseh Esmaeil ◽  
Roya Sherkat ◽  
Reza Yazdani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Common Variable Immunodeficiency ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Maturation Protein ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Common Variable

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immune deficiency disorder characterized by a failure in B cell differentiation, impaired immunoglobulin production, and defect in response to vaccines. As a result of defective B cell maturation and differentiation in CVID, the affected patients commonly present with reduced numbers of memory B cell and antibody-secreting plasma cells. B-cell lymphoma 6 protein (BCL6) and B lymphocyte induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1) molecules are two important transcription factors that have key roles in the maturation of B cells to plasma cells. Hence, in the current survey, we aimed to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression levels of BCL6 and BLIMP1 in B lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood in CVID patients. We collected blood samples from 12 CVID patients and 12 healthy controls. We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using Ficoll density gradient separation. Then, CD19+ B cells were purified using MACS. The protein expression and transcriptional level of BCL6 and BLIMP1 were respectively measured using flow cytometry and real-time PCR. Our results showed that the BLIMP1 mRNA expression, as well as BLIMP1 protein expression, were significantly higher in CVID patients compared to control subjects (p=0.009 and p=0.007, respectively). However, we found no significant difference in mRNA and protein expression of BCL6 between patients and healthy controls. According to our findings, increased mRNA and protein expression levels of BLIMP1 could be involved in defective maturation of B cells in patients with CVID and elucidate mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of this disorder.

scholarly journals Application in Europe of a urine-based rapid diagnostic test for confirmation of Schistosoma mansoni infection in migrants from endemic areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
S L Becker ◽  
H Marti ◽  
S Zimmermann ◽  
D Vidacek ◽  
M Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rectal Bleeding ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Rectal Biopsy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Persistent Abdominal Pain

In February 2015, a male patient from Eritrea with persistent abdominal pain and rectal bleeding was diagnosed with Schistosoma mansoni infection upon examination of a rectal biopsy. In May 2015, repeated stool microscopy identified S. mansoni infection in another Eritrean patient with abdominal pain and considerable eosinophilia (34%). Use of point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) tests on urine confirmed S. mansoni infection in both patients. Wider application of non-invasive POC-CCA urine tests will improve schistosomiasis diagnosis and clinical management in migrants.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid diagnostic test enhanced with silver amplification technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Miyakawa ◽  
Rikako Funabashi ◽  
Yutaro Yamaoka ◽  
Sundararaj Stanleyraj Jeremiah ◽  
Junichi Katada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Silver Amplification ◽  
Low Sensitivity

AbstractRapid diagnosis of COVID-19 is essential for instituting measures to prevent viral spread. SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid diagnostic test (Ag-RDT) based on lateral flow immunochromatography assay (LFIA) principle can visually indicate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antigens as a band. Ag-RDT is clinically promising as a point-of-care testing because it can give results in a short time without the need for special equipment. Although various antigen capture LFIAs are now available for rapid diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 infection, they face the problems of low sensitivity. We have previously developed highly specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) and in this study, we have employed these mAbs to develop a new LFIA that can detect SARS-CoV-2 NP in nasopharyngeal swab samples with higher sensitivity by combining them with silver amplification technology. We also compared the performance of our Ag-RDT against the commercially available Ag-RDTs using clinical samples to find that our newly developed LFIA performed best among tested, highlighting the superiority of silver amplification technology.

Granuloma-like lesion at subcutaneous immunoglobulin site in a common variable immunodeficiency patient

Immunotherapy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 1177-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankmalika Gupta ◽  
Beverly Wang ◽  
Sudhir Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Common Variable Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunoglobulin Therapy ◽  
Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Primary Antibody Deficiencies ◽  
First Case ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions ◽  
Cutaneous Granuloma ◽  
Common Variable ◽  
Switching Treatment

Immunoglobulin therapy is the main stay in the treatment of primary antibody deficiencies. Granulomatous lesions are common complication in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). We present the first case of cutaneous granuloma-like lesion at site of subcutaneous immunoglobulin injections in a patient with CVID. These lesions resolve overtime following switching treatment to intravenous immunoglobulin. Unlike granulomas associated with CVID, granulomatous lesion in this patient did not require any specific therapy, and resolved over a period of 4 weeks following switching subcutaneous immunoglobulin to intravenous immunoglobulin.

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