Thermal behaviours at low and high temperature of biodiesels produced from beef tallow and corn oil

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuba Hatice Doğan ◽  
Jale Naktiyok
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Corn Oil

scholarly journals The effects of diet on the esterification of glycerol phosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate and 2-hexadecylglycerol by homogenates of rat adipose tissue

1976 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
P F Dodds ◽  
D N Brindley ◽  
M I Gurr
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Triacylglycerol Content ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue

1. Male rats were fed for 5 weeks after weaning on a diet containing (by weight) 59% of starch or on diets that contained 39% of starch and 20% of either sucrose, beef tallow or corn oil. 2. The rats fed on the beef tallow consumed more energy than did the rats fed on the starch and sucrose diets. The rats fed on the corn oil drank less water than did the other groups of rats. 3. There were no significant differences between the four groups in terms of body-weight gain, epididymal-fat-pad weight and in the size, number and triacylglycerol content of the adipocytes in the fat-pads. 4. There was a significant correlation (P < 0.001) between the activities of glycerol phosphate acyltransferase and monoacylglycerol acyltransferase in individual rats. Both of these activities were highest in the group fed on the high-starch diet and both correlated with the consumption of glucose by individual rats in the four groups. 5. The percentage of glycerol phosphate converted into diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol was positively correlated with the mean diameters, surface area and triacylglycerol content of the adipocytes for individual rats and was greates in the sucrose-fed rats. 6. The specific activity of dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase was highest in the rats fed on beef tallow. This activity was positively correlated with the energy intake for all dietary groups over the 5-week feeding period. 7. The results are discussed in terms of the functions of the three routes of glycerolipid synthesis in adipose tissue.

Long-term feeding of various fat diets modulates azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. G1150-G1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Fujise ◽  
Ryuichi Iwakiri ◽  
Takashi Kakimoto ◽  
Ryosuke Shiraishi ◽  
Yasuhisa Sakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Colon Carcinogenesis ◽  
Brdu Incorporation ◽  
Cyclin D ◽  
Colon Mucosa ◽  
Colon Tumorigenesis

The Wnt signaling pathway plays an essential role in carcinogenesis, and the amount of fat intake and composition of dietary fatty acids are crucial factors for colon carcinogenesis. We investigated whether various dietary fats affected the Wnt signaling pathway of colon tumorigenesis in azoxymethane (AOM)-treated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given intraperitoneal injections of AOM and supplemented with 10% corn, olive, beef, and fish oil for 44 wk. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and tumors were examined at 12 and 44 wk. Normal appearing colon mucosal proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and percentages of fragmented DNA, respectively. Expressions of β-catenin, cyclin D1, Wnt2, Wnt3, and Wnt5a of normal appearing colon mucosa were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Long-term dietary corn oil and beef tallow increased ACF, tumor incidence, and tumor numbers in AOM-treated rats. In contrast, both olive and fish oil inhibited them. Dietary corn oil and beef tallow increased BrdU incorporation and the expression of cytosolic β-catenin and cyclin D1 and decreased apoptosis in the colon mucosa. Expressions of Wnt2 and Wnt3 in rats fed with beef tallow and Wnt5a in rats fed with corn oil increased with or without AOM-treatment. BrdU-incorporated cells were often observed at the tops of crypts in rats fed with beef tallow, whereas this was not observed in rats fed with the other diet. Long-term high intake of corn oil and beef tallow enhanced cell proliferation through Wnt signaling and modulated the distribution of proliferating cells, which might contribute to promoting effects in colon tumorigenesis.

Comparison of the effects of dietary beef tallow and corn oil on pancreatic carcinogenesis in the hamster model

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane F. Birt ◽  
Alan D. Julius ◽  
Emily Dwork ◽  
Tonia Hanna ◽  
Lenora T. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Pancreatic Carcinogenesis

scholarly journals Comparative 1H NMR-Based Chemometric Evaluations of the Time-Dependent Generation of Aldehydic Lipid Oxidation Products in Culinary Oils Exposed to Laboratory-Simulated Shallow Frying Episodes: Differential Patterns Observed for Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Containing Soybean Oils

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2481
Author(s):  
Angela I. Wann ◽  
Benita C. Percival ◽  
Katy Woodason ◽  
Miles Gibson ◽  
Siâny Vincent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Soybean Oils ◽  
Lipid Oxidation Products

Soybean oil is the second most exported oil from the United States and South America, and is widely marketed as a cooking oil product containing numerous health benefits for human consumers. However, culinary oils with high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents, are known to produce high quantities of lipid oxidation products (LOPs), including toxic aldehydes upon exposure to high-temperature frying episodes. Previous studies have demonstrated causal links between aldehyde ingestion and inhalation with deleterious health perturbations, including mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, along with cardiovascular and teratogenic actions. In this study, aldehydic LOPs were detected and quantified in commercially available samples of soybean, avocado, corn and extra-virgin olive oil products before and after their exposure to laboratory-simulated laboratory frying episodes (LSSFEs) using high-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Results acquired demonstrated that PUFA-rich soybean and corn oils gave rise to the highest concentrations of oil aldehydes from the thermo-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, whereas monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-laden avocado and olive oils were much more resistant to this peroxidation process, as expected. Multivariate chemometrics analyses provided evidence that an orthogonal component pattern of aldehydic LOPs featuring low-molecular-mass n-alkanals such as propanal, and 4-oxo-alkanals, arises from thermo-oxidation of the ω-3 fatty acid (FA) linolenic acid (present in soybean oils at levels of ca. 7% (w/w)), was able to at least partially distinguish this oil from corresponding samples of thermally-stressed corn oil. Despite having a similar total PUFA level, corn oil has only a negligible ω-3 FA content, and therefore generated significantly lower levels of these two aldehyde classes. In view of the adverse health effects associated with dietary LOP ingestion, alternative methodologies for the incorporation of soybean oils within high-temperature frying practices are proposed.

The effect of various high-fat diet on liver histology in the development of NAFLD models in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-553
Author(s):  
Mahardian Rahmadi ◽  
Ahmad Dzulfikri Nurhan ◽  
Eka Dewi Pratiwi ◽  
Devita Ardina Prameswari ◽  
Sisca Melani Panggono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Tallow ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Liver Histology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The World

Abstract Objectives Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is exceptionally common around the world. The development of NAFLD is increasing rapidly in the world, along with changes in lifestyle. Excess lipid intake is one of the risk factors for NAFLD. The NAFLD model is induced by a high-fat diet contains SFA, MUFA, and ῳ-6 PUFA. This study aims to assess the effect of high-fat diet variation on liver histology in developing NAFLD models in mice. Methods Thirty-six male mice (Balb/c) were divided into six groups fed a high-fat diet containing beef tallow 60%, beef tallow 45%, vegetable ghee, animal ghee + corn oil, vegetable ghee + corn oil for 28 days and compared to a control group fed a chow diet. All of the mice were fed with a high-fat diet in the form of pellets ad libitum for 28 days. Bodyweight and food intake were measured every day. At the last day of treatment, animals were sacrificed and the Liver were taken for histological analysis. Results This study showed that NAFLD model development was achieved in all group mice fed a high-fat diet with different degrees of NAFLD. Beef tallow 60% had the worst liver histology. Conclusions Thus, based on this study, we found that high-fat diet variations influenced the development of NAFLD models in mice, particularly concerning liver histology.

scholarly journals Effects of chronic modification of dietary fat and carbohydrate in rats. The activities of some enzymes of hepatic glycerolipid synthesis and the effects of corticotropin injection

1981 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Lawson ◽  
R J Jennings ◽  
A D Pollard ◽  
R G Sturton ◽  
S J Ralph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Urate Oxidase ◽  
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Acyltransferase Activity ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Starch Diet

1. Rats were fed on diets enriched with starch, sucrose, corn oil or beef tallow for 3 weeks and the activities of various enzymes in the liver were measured. 2. The mitochondrial glycerol phosphate acyltransferase activity was lower in rats fed on the starch diet than on the two high-fat diets. 3. The non-microsomal (presumably peroxisomal) dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase activity was higher in rats fed on the starch diet and corn-oil diets than in those fed on the sucrose and beef-tallow diets. Urate oxidase activity was higher in rats fed on the starch diet than in the three other groups. There were no significant differences in the activity of acyl-CoA oxidase among the groups. 4. The activity of soluble phosphatidate phosphohydrolase was not significantly different among the dietary groups. There were increases of 3.3--4.3-fold in this activity in the dietary groups 6h after injection of corticotropin. The equivalent increases for the mitochondrial glycerol phosphate acyltransferase were 1.4--1.6 fold. 5. The corticosterone responses to the corticotropin injection were not significantly different between dietary groups. However, the corticosterone response of the rats fed on the two high-fat diets was prolonged when the rats were given an acute load of fructose [Brindley, Cooling, Glenny, Burditt & McKechnie (1981) Biochem. J. 200. 275--283]. 6. Rats fed on the high-fat diets had higher concentrations of circulating cholesterol than those fed on the starch and sucrose diets. Serum triacylglycerol concentrations were lower in the rats fed on the starch diet than in the three other groups. 7. The results are discussed in terms of the relationship between diet, hormonal balance and hepatic glycerolipid metabolism.

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