Measuring System for Monitoring the Microarc Heating Process During Surface Hardening of Steel Products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Stepanov ◽  
I. G. Koshlyakova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Heating Process

The measuring system for monitoring the microarc heating process during surface hardening of steel products

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Makar S. Stepanov ◽  
rina G. Koshlyakova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Measured Temperature

The accelerated heat treatment during steel products hardening technology has been investigated. The possibility of measuring the temperature of steel products by thermoelectric platinum-platinum-rhodium thermocouple under microarc heating conditions is analyzed. During the experiments, working junctions of two S-type thermocouples: working and standard, were coined into the sample surface at the same level. The free thermocouples ends were connected to a digital multimeter and a personal computer. It was determined that 5 factors affect the measurement results: the electric current strength in the circuit, carbon powder, calibration, number of repeated measurement cycles, and a thermocouple copy. When planning the experiment, the concept of conducting a step-by-step nested experiment was used. Variance analysis method was used to process the experimental results. The measurement method precision parameters were calculated: repeatability and reproducibility. A linear mathematical model linking the measurement method reproducibility index with the measured temperature value has been obtained. A linear mathematical model is obtained that relates the reproducibility index of the measurement method to the measured temperature value. A measuring system for the experimental determination of the temperature of a steel sample is proposed and its application is justified for different electric current densities on the sample surface and varying duration of microarc heating. The possibilities of selecting and controlling the microarc heating modes depending on the required temperature of the heat treatment of the steel product are determined.

Numerical Calculation of Temperature and Microstructure for Induction Surface Hardening

2014 ◽  
Vol 698 ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Dirk Schlesselmann ◽  
Aleksandr Nikanorov ◽  
Bernard Nacke
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Induction Surface Hardening ◽  
Martensite Microstructure

In the present paper, a new numerical model for calculating martensite microstructure in induction surface hardening processes is introduced. It takes into account the heating as well as the quenching process and uses the temperature history of a work piece to calculate martensite formation. The calculation is based on an empirical equation found by Koistinen and Marburger [1].A comparison between the heat distribution within a work piece at the end of the heating process and the distribution of martensite after quenching is performed for different process parameters. Thus, it is determined, in which case the temperature distribution is sufficient to predict the hardened layer and in which case the microstructure has to be calculated to receive accurate results. The model is verified by comparing simulation results with different experiments.

scholarly journals Modelling the Heating Process in Simultaneous Laser Transmission Welding of Semicrystalline Polymers

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hopmann ◽  
Suveni Kreimeier
Keyword(s):  
Welding Process ◽  
Intensity Profile ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Laser Transmission Welding ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Component Design ◽  
High Concordance ◽  
Joining Process

Laser transmission welding is an established joining process for thermoplastics. A close-to-reality simulation of the heating process would improve the understanding of the process, facilitate and shorten the process installation, and provide a significant contribution to the computer aided component design. For these reasons a thermal simulation model for simultaneous welding was developed which supports determining the size of the heat affected zone (HAZ). The determination of the intensity profile of the laser beam after the penetration of the laser transparent semicrystalline thermoplastic is decisive for the simulation. For the determination of the intensity profile two measurement systems are presented and compared. The calculated size of the HAZ shows a high concordance to the dimensions of the HAZ found using light microscopy. However, the calculated temperatures exceed the indicated decomposition temperatures of the particular thermoplastics. For the recording of the real temperatures during the welding process a measuring system is presented and discussed.

High-voltage monitoring by the fiber-optic recirculating measuring system

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
A. V. Polyakov ◽  
M. A. Ksenofontov
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
External Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Optic Communication

Optical technologies for measuring electrical quantities attract great attention due to their unique properties and significant advantages over other technologies used in high-voltage electric power industry: the use of optical fibers ensures high stability of measuring equipment to electromagnetic interference and galvanic isolation of high-voltage sensors; external electromagnetic fields do not influence the data transmitted from optical sensors via fiber-optic communication lines; problems associated with ground loops are eliminated, there are no side electromagnetic radiation and crosstalk between the channels. The structure and operation principle of a quasi-distributed fiber-optic high-voltage monitoring system is presented. The sensitive element is a combination of a piezo-ceramic tube with an optical fiber wound around it. The device uses reverse transverse piezoelectric effect. The measurement principle is based on recording the change in the recirculation frequency under the applied voltage influence. When the measuring sections are arranged in ascending order of the measured effective voltages relative to the receiving-transmitting unit, a relative resolution of 0,3–0,45 % is achieved for the PZT-5H and 0,8–1,2 % for the PZT-4 in the voltage range 20–150 kV.

Information and measuring system based on the device «Polyreotest PRT-2» for wheat hardness control

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
V.Y. Chernykh ◽  
◽  
E.V. Karpushina ◽  
N. Yu. Bykova ◽  
A.S. Maksimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measuring System

A new method of fluxgate signal extraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (45) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
A.A. Marusenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Signal Extraction ◽  
Fluxgate Magnetometer ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Time Domain

Using dedicated high-frequency measuring system the distribution of the Barkhausen jumps intensity along a reversal magnetization cycle was investigated for low noise fluxgate sensors of various core shapes. It is shown that Barkhausen (reversal magnetization) noise intensity is strongly inhomogeneous during an excitation cycle. In the traditional second harmonic fluxgate magnetometers the signals are extracted in the frequency domain, as a result, some average value of reversal magnetization noises is contributed to the output signals. In order to fit better the noise shape and minimize its transfer to the magnetometer output the new approach for demodulating signals of these sensors is proposed. The new demodulating method is based on information extraction in the time domain taking into account the statistical properties of cyclic reversal magnetization noises. This approach yields considerable reduction of the fluxgate magnetometer noise in comparison with demodulation of the signal filtered at the second harmonic of the excitation frequency.

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