scholarly journals Seasonal variation in soil CO2 emission and leaf gas exchange of well‐managed commercial Citrus sinensis (L.) orchards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Munjonji ◽  
K. K. Ayisi ◽  
T. P. Mafeo ◽  
T. Maphanga ◽  
K. E. Mabitsela
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content

Abstract Purpose To investigate whether soil clay content, cultivar and seasonal variation have any effect on soil CO2 emission rates and leaf CO2 assimilation rates in a drip-irrigated commercial Citrus sinensis orchard. Methods The study was carried out in the field as a randomised complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial consisting of two soil types and two citrus cultivars on a drip-irrigated commercial Citrus sinensis orchards with 2-week interval measurements of soil CO2 emission and leaf gas exchanges for a year. Results Soil clay content did not influence plant CO2 assimilation rates and soil CO2 emission rates in irrigated citrus. However, seasonal variation significantly influenced both processes. Soil CO2 emission rates were highest in summer and were more than double the rates observed in winter while leaf CO2 assimilation rates were highest in autumn and four times higher than the winter season rates. Mean seasonal soil CO2 emission rates were strongly influenced by mean minimum seasonal temperatures while leaf CO2 assimilation rates only showed a relatively weak relationship with mean maximum seasonal temperatures. Conclusions Soil clay content did not influence soil CO2 emission and assimilation rates in drip irrigated citrus suggesting a non-significant effect of clay content for soils subjected to similar management practices. Citrus CO2 assimilation rate peaks in the autumn while soil CO2 emission rates peak in summer. A snapshot analysis of CO2 sequestration rates suggests that irrigated citrus orchards are net sinks of CO2 in summer, autumn and winter season.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation in soil CO2 emission and leaf gas exchange of well-managed commercial Citrus sinensis (L.) orchards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Munjonji ◽  
Kingsley Kwabena Ayisi ◽  
T.P. Mafeo ◽  
T. Maphanga ◽  
K.E Mabitsela
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content

Abstract Purpose To investigate whether soil clay content, cultivar and seasonal variation have any effect on soil CO2 emission rates and leaf CO2 assimilation rates in a drip-irrigated commercial Citrus sinensis orchard. Methods The study was carried out in the field as a randomised complete block design in 2x2 factorial consisting of two soil types and two citrus cultivars on a drip-irrigated commercial Citrus sinensis orchards with 2-week interval measurements of soil CO2 emission and leaf gas exchanges over period of a year. Results Soil clay content did not influence plant CO2 assimilation rates and soil CO2 emission rates in irrigated citrus. However, seasonal variation significantly influenced both processes. Soil CO2 emission rates were highest in summer and were more than double the rates observed in winter while leaf CO2 assimilation rates were highest in autumn and four times higher than the winter season rates. Mean seasonal soil CO2 emission rates were strongly influenced by mean minimum seasonal temperatures while leaf CO2 assimilation rates only showed a relatively weak relationship with mean maximum seasonal temperatures. Conclusions Soil clay content did not influence soil CO2 emission and assimilation rates in drip irrigated irrigated citrus. Citrus CO2 assimilation rate peaks in the autumn while soil CO2 emission rates peak in summer.Snapshot analysis of CO2 sequestration rates suggests that irrigated citrus orchards are net sinks of CO2. Empirically measured CO2 flux rates in a commercial drip-irrigated citrus orchard are presented.

scholarly journals Remaining phosphorus and sodium fluoride pH in soils with different clay contents and clay mineralogies

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Eduardo Alves ◽  
Arquimedes Lavorenti
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content ◽  
Discriminatory Capacity

The remaining phosphorus (Prem) has been used for estimating the phosphorus buffer capacity (PBC) of soils of some Brazilian regions. Furthermore, the remaining phosphorus can also be used for estimating P, S and Zn soil critical levels determined with PBC-sensible extractants and for defining P and S levels to be used not only in P and S adsorption studies but also for the establishment of P and S response curves. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of soil clay content and clay mineralogy on Prem and its relationship with pH values measured in saturated NaF solution (pH NaF). Ammonium-oxalate-extractable aluminum exerts the major impacts on both Prem and pH NaF, which, in turn, are less dependent on soil clay content. Although Prem and pH NaF have consistent correlation, the former has a soil-PBC discriminatory capacity much greater than pH NaF.

scholarly journals P-sorption and desorption in Savanna Brazilian soils as a support for phosphorus fertilizer management

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Araújo Pinto ◽  
Edicarlos Damacena de Souza ◽  
Helder Barbosa Paulino ◽  
Nilton Curi ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
Brazilian Soils ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Sand Base ◽  
Soil Clay Content

Phosphorus (P) sorption by soils is a phenomenon that varies depending on soil characteristics, influencing its intensity and magnitude, which makes it a source or drain of P. The objective of this study was to determine the Maximum Phosphorus Adsorption Capacity (MPAC) and desorption of P from soils under native Savanna Brazilian and verify the correlation between MPAC and P Capacity Factor (PCF) with the chemical and physical properties of these soils. The study was conducted in seven soils under native Savannas. The Langmuir isotherms were adjusted from the values obtained in sorption assays, being evaluated the MPAC, the energy adsorption (EA) and PCF, which was calculated according to the levels of P-adsorbed and P-sorbed. Values of MPAC were classified as high in most soils, ranging from 283 up to 2635 mg kg-1 of P in the soil and were correlated with soil organic matter, clay, silt, sand, base saturation and pH. The PCF was higher in soils where the MPAC was also higher. The use of only one attribute of soil (clay content) as a criterion for the recommendation of phosphated fertilization, as routinely done, is susceptible to errors, needing the use of more attributes for a more accurate recommendation, as a function of the complexity of the interactions involved in the process.

Surface soil clay content mapping at large scales using multispectral (VNIR–SWIR) ASTER data

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1506-1533
Author(s):  
Anis Gasmi ◽  
Cécile Gomez ◽  
Philippe Lagacherie ◽  
Hédi Zouari
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Aster Data ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Microbial Formation of Nitrate-Nitrogen in Soil and Their Effects on Fertilizer Nitrogen Use Efficiency

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Olness ◽  
Dian Lopez ◽  
David Archer ◽  
Jason Cordes ◽  
Colin Sweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content

Mineralization of soil organic matter is governed by predictable factors with nitrate-N as the end product. Crop production interrupts the natural balance, accelerates mineralization of N, and elevates levels of nitrate-N in soil. Six factors determine nitrate-N levels in soils: soil clay content, bulk density, organic matter content, pH, temperature, and rainfall. Maximal rates of N mineralization require an optimal level of air-filled pore space. Optimal air-filled pore space depends on soil clay content, soil organic matter content, soil bulk density, and rainfall. Pore space is partitioned into water- and air-filled space. A maximal rate of nitrate formation occurs at a pH of 6.7 and rather modest mineralization rates occur at pH 5.0 and 8.0. Predictions of the soil nitrate-N concentrations with a relative precision of 1 to 4 μg N g–1of soil were obtained with a computerized N fertilizer decision aid. Grain yields obtained using the N fertilizer decision aid were not measurably different from those using adjacent farmer practices, but N fertilizer use was reduced by >10%. Predicting mineralization in this manner allows optimal N applications to be determined for site-specific soil and weather conditions.

scholarly journals Determination of the Environmental Factors that Affect the Growth and Survival of Greek Fir Seedlings

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Vassilis Detsis ◽  
Georgios Efthimiou ◽  
Olga Theodoropoulou ◽  
Stavroula Siorokou
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Apical Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Initial Height ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content

Forests in the montane-Mediterranean zone have only recently began to be affected by wildfires, therefore the knowledge necessary for restoration projects is missing. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of factors related to seedling attributes, weather conditions and site suitability on seedling performance. The characterisation of sites was based on bedrock and soil clay content as well as pre-fire vegetation. Apical growth and survival of seedlings was monitored for four years in Parnitha National Park. The parameters of a linear mixed model were estimated using annual apical growth of seedlings surviving in the end of the study as the dependent variable and type of site, rainfall, initial seedling height and age as explanatory ones. A quantile regression model using all the data available was estimated for each year of study, taking into account only initial height and site type as well as a logistic regression model of survival. The findings indicate that the growth of Greek fir seedlings depends on May rainfall mediated by soil clay content, which in turn depends on bedrock, which is consistent with the “inverse texture hypothesis”. Sites with low soil clay content were always more beneficial for survival, which was stronger affected by summer–autumn rainfall. In both contexts, drought stress due to soil clay content fades with increasing age. Sites that were not fir dominated prior to fire proved unsuitable also for planting fir seedlings. A minor part of the observed variability could be associated with the initial height of seedlings, especially for seedlings showing high rates of apical growth.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Clay Content on Water Balance and Productivity in Rainfed Lowland Rice Ecosystem in Northeast Thailand

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Tsubo ◽  
Shu Fukai ◽  
Jayampathi Basnayake ◽  
To Phuc Tuong ◽  
Bas Bouman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Rainfed Lowland ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content ◽  
Rice Ecosystem

scholarly journals Soil Clay Content Mapping Using a Time Series of Landsat TM Data in Semi-Arid Lands

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 6059-6078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marouen Shabou ◽  
Bernard Mougenot ◽  
Zohra Chabaane ◽  
Christian Walter ◽  
Gilles Boulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Arid Lands ◽  
Landsat Tm ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content ◽  
Semi Arid

Soil clay content, rainfall, and toposequence positions determining spatial variation in field water availability as estimated by a water balance model for rainfed lowland rice

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Inthavong ◽  
M. Tsubo ◽  
S. Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Rainfed Lowland ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content

Drought is a major limiting factor for the production of rainfed rice in the Mekong Region. Thus, estimation of the length of growing period (LGP) based on estimation of the development of water deficit is essential for sound planning of agricultural development. A recently developed soil-water balance model was used to quantify the availability of water for rice crops and yield reduction due to water deficit. Field water availability is known to be largely affected by soil type and rainfall pattern, and their separate effects were investigated in this study of a spatial analysis of LGP, using inputs for rainfed lowland rice in Savannakhet province in central Laos. The analysis showed that the start of growing period (SGP) and end of growing period (EGP) were affected largely by geographical variations in rainfall and soil clay content, respectively. Also, the areas having relatively short LGP were generally associated with large yield reduction because of low water availability associated with coarse-textured soils. At local scale, field water availability varied from upper to lower positions of a sloping land (toposequence) in the rainfed lowland ecosystem of the Mekong region, causing variation in yield within the toposequence. Using the level of field water determined around flowering time at different toposequence positions in 45 farms, estimated yield reduction was compared in seven main rice-growing districts of the province. Variability of yield loss, associated with variation in water availability, was larger across the toposequence positions than across districts, showing the importance of local variability in determining yield in rainfed lowland rice. The present approach of a combination of simulation model and GIS is adopted for characterisation of the water environment for rainfed lowland rice in other parts of Laos, as well as in neighbouring Thailand and Cambodia.

Can soil clay content predict ammonia volatilization losses from subsurface-banded urea in eastern Canadian soils?

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Pelster ◽  
M.H. Chantigny ◽  
D.A. Angers ◽  
N. Bertrand ◽  
J.D. MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Mesocosms ◽  
Dynamic Chamber ◽  
Canadian Soils ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Water Extractable

To determine how soil physical and chemical characteristics affect NH3 volatilization, we measured NH3 losses from eight different eastern Canadian soils with various soil clay contents and cation exchange capacities (CEC). Losses were measured from soil mesocosms banded (0.05 m depth) with urea (equivalent of 140 kg N ha−1) in a dynamic chamber system fitted with an acid trap; with soil properties measured in parallel mesocosms. Regression analysis indicated a negative relationship between 28 d of NH3 volatilization losses and soil clay content (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.978), CEC (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.941), and buffer capacity (P = 0.006; R2 = 0.772), and positive relations with maximum change in soil pH (P = 0.015; R2 = 0.670) and maximum water-extractable NH4+ (P = 0.010; R2 = 0.721). A 90% reduction in NH3 losses occurred when clay content increased from 10% to 20%. Also, the correlation between water-extractable NH4+ and NH3 loss and a lack of correlation between salt-extractable (1 mol L−1 KCl) NH4+ and NH3 loss indicate that NH4+ bound to cation exchange sites does not contribute to the rapid NH3 volatilization. However, more research on soils of different mineralogy is required to ascertain whether this holds in other regions as well.

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