scholarly journals Soil and Leaf Mineral Element Contents in Mediterranean Vineyards: Bioaccumulation and Potential Soil Pollution

2022 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jiménez-Ballesta ◽  
S. Bravo ◽  
J. A. Amorós ◽  
C. Pérez-de-los-Reyes ◽  
J. García-Pradas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Biological Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Vineyard Soils ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract The study reported here concerns the geochemical distributions of macro- and trace elements (including potentially toxic elements, PTEs) in the vineyard soils of Alcubillas, which is one of the oldest, albeit not world-renowned, wine-growing areas in La Mancha (Central Spain). Soil and leaf samples were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to ascertain the levels of various elements in the soil and the plant. The potential toxicity of the elements was assessed with regard to the development of the vineyard. Despite the fact that fertilizers and pesticides are employed in the vineyards in this area, the results showed that the levels of trace elements in the soil samples did not exceed the reference values according the pedogeochemical values for the region and Spain. This finding suggests that the study area is not polluted, and therefore, there are hardly any traces of anthropogenic contamination. The Biological Absorption Coefficient (BAC) was calculated to assess the assimilation of various elements from the soil to the leaves, and differences were found in the element absorption capacity of the vines. Some elements were not taken up by Vitis vinifera despite elements like Zr and Rb being present in relatively high concentrations in the soil. The production in these soils does not represent a threat to human health or the ecosystem, because the farmers in this area are extremely careful to preserve the environment and they only farm to achieve moderate yields of grapes per hectare.

scholarly journals Macro- and microelements occurence in soil and plant (leaves) samples of a representative and potentially sustainable Mediterranean vineyard

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAIMUNDO JIMENEZ-BALLESTA ◽  
Sandra Bravo ◽  
Caridad Pérez de los Reyes ◽  
JOSE A. AMOROS ◽  
Jesus Garcia-Pradas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Vineyard Soils ◽  
High Concentrations

The study reported here concerns the geochemical distributions of macro- and trace elements (including potentially toxic elements, PTEs) in the vineyard soils of Alcubillas, which is one of the oldest, albeit not world-reknowned, wine-growing areas in La Mancha (Central Spain). Soil and leaf samples were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to ascertain the levels of various elements in the soil and the plant. The potential toxicity of the elements was assessed with regard to the development of the vineyard. Despite the fact that fertilizers and pesticides are employed in the vineyards in this area, the results showed that the levels of trace elements in the soil samples did not exceed the reference values according the pedogeochemical values for the region and Spain. This finding suggests that the study area is not polluted. The Biological Absortion Coefficient (BAC) was calculated to assess the assimilation of various elements from the soil to the leaves, and differences were found in the element absorption capacity of the vines. Some elements were not taken up by Vitis vinifera despite elements like Zr and Rb being present in relatively high concentrations in the soil. The production in these soils of grapes and wine does not represent a threat to human health or the ecosystem, because the farmers in this area are extremely careful to preserve the environment and they only farm to achieve moderate yields of grapes per hectare.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and Geochemical Nature of Calcareous Vineyard Soils from Alcubillas (La Mancha, Central Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta ◽  
Sandra Bravo ◽  
Jose A. Amorós ◽  
Caridad Pérez-de los Reyes ◽  
Rosario García-Giménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Trace Element Contents ◽  
Geostatistical Techniques ◽  
Vineyard Soils

The mineralogical and geochemical patterns of calcareous vineyard soils located in Alcubillas (La Mancha, Central Spain) have been evaluated; also their variability has been studied. The information provided by this study supports the assessment of geochemical spatial variability, the origin of these soils, their elements and the factors that control their distribution. The presence of quartz, calcite, feldspar and, in particular, illite and kaolinite is due to their inheritance from surrounding lithologies (and pedological processes), which mostly include limestones, marls and other sedimentary rocks, as well as metasedimentary rocks of Hercynian origin. Furthermore, since the presence and accumulation of certain trace elements in vineyard soils is a relevant global hazard (in particular with respect to wine production quality), the spatial distributions of Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, Rb, Sr, V and Zr (carried out using geostatistical techniques and geometry-based interpolation methods) were investigated in order to determine the origin of these trace elements. The presence of these elements can be interpreted as being due to geogenic, pedogenic and, in certain cases, anthropic influences. The nature of certain agricultural practices, including the use of fertilizers, phytosanitary products and machinery, could explain the local increases in some trace element contents.

scholarly journals Understanding the Quality of Local Vineyard Soils in Distinct Viticultural Areas: A Case Study in Alcubillas (La Mancha, Central Spain)

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta ◽  
Sandra Bravo ◽  
José Angel Amorós ◽  
Caridad Pérez-de los Reyes ◽  
Jesús García-Pradas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Vineyard Soils ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Ideal

The essential features of the soils of a pilot zone in La Mancha (Central Spain), namely the Alcubillas municipability, have been characterized. The soil properties that may contribute to a better understanding of the impact of soil on grape production have also, been evaluated. For this, several soil profiles have been described and analyzed and the profiles have been mapped. The soils are mainly Entisols, Inceptisols and Alfisols, with their evolution controlled by the action of a xerophytic Mediterranean climate. Most of these soils have a loamy clay texture, with medium clay contents and sufficient nutrient contents (despite the low content in organic matter 1.39% and 1.04%, and the high concentrations of calcium carbonate 23.7% and 26.9% in the surface and subsurface horizons, respectively). Drainage problems were not observed and it can therefore be stated that the Alcubillas vineyards are based on a ‘terroir’ term for the production of high quality grapes. In general, the soils are not subjected to treatments to control possible diseases or pests and we have therefore postulated that the soils represent the ideal scenario to establish a distinctive zone and for the increasingly valued ecological and natural viticulture.

Simultaneous determination of trace elements in lavage fluids from human bronchial alveoli by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence. 3. Routine analysis.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2234-2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Maier ◽  
A Dietemann-Molard ◽  
F Rastegar ◽  
R Heimburger ◽  
C Ruch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Fluorescence Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Number Of Cells

Abstract We applied the energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence technique to determination of trace elements in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Our analysis of more than 200 samples allowed us to determine normal reference values, to be used in characterizing occupational exposure. These values are expressed both in nanograms per 1000 cells (of all kinds) and nanograms per 1000 macrophages to correlate lavage efficiency and dust content of the alveoli. The result expressed in milligrams per liter is not sufficient, because some healthy volunteers showed high concentrations of iron but normal values when expressed vs the number of cells. Some examples of abnormal compositions of broncho-alveolar lavages are reported and the fully automated spectrometer developed for clinical and biological investigations is described.

Iron uptake in vineyard soils and relationships with other elements (Zn, Mn and Ca). The case of Castilla-La Mancha, Central Spain

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Amorós ◽  
S. Bravo ◽  
C. Pérez-de-los-Reyes ◽  
F.J. García-Navarro ◽  
J.A. Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Vineyard Soils

scholarly journals Zinc Concentration and Distribution in Vineyard Soils and Grapevine Leaves from Valdepeñas Designation of Origin (Central Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7390
Author(s):  
Francisco Jesús García-Navarro ◽  
Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta ◽  
Jesus Garcia-Pradas ◽  
Jose A. Amoros ◽  
Caridad Perez de los Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Spain ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Zn Distribution ◽  
Grapevine Leaves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vineyard Soils ◽  
Different Soils

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate zinc contents in leaves and soils of the Valdepeñas Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), situated in central Spain. Zn distribution maps of leaves and soils were obtained. (2) Methods: Ninety soil profiles were described, sampled and analyzed. Furthermore, vineyard leaves were collected randomly in each of the analyzed soil vineyard profiles. Soil and leaf samples were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence. (3) Results: The mean total Zn concentrations in vineyard soils were in the range of 16.2–153.7 mg·kg−1, with a mean of 47.5 mg·kg−1. The obtained values above the 95th percentile (between 81.3 and 153.7 mg·kg−1) could be affected by different parent materials or Zn agricultural treatments in vineyards. Contents in different soils follow the order Entisol > Alfisol > Inceptisol. The average Zn content value in leaves was 23.8 mg·kg−1 and oscillated between 11.5 and 93.3 mg·kg−1; minor differences were detected between soil types, with the highest value in plants grown on soils without carbonates. (4) Conclusions: The obtained values are optimal for vine cultivation. The bioaccumulation factors in leaves were lower than unity (0.24–0.53 range). This means that the Zn bioaccumulation process is relatively low in the soil–grapevine system. This study serves as a reference to identify areas that present Zn deficiencies or risk of contamination.

scholarly journals Geochemical distribution of major and trace elements in agricultural soils of Castilla-La Mancha (central Spain): finding criteria for baselines and delimiting regional anomalies

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 3100-3114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Bravo ◽  
Efrén García-Ordiales ◽  
Francisco Jesús García-Navarro ◽  
José Ángel Amorós ◽  
Caridad Pérez-de-los-Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
La Mancha

Microanalytical Identification of a New Zr-Nb-Fe Phase

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
O.T. Woo ◽  
G.J.C. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Proportionality Factor ◽  
Tube Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Foils ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Intermetallic Particles ◽  
Intermetallic Precipitates ◽  
Cold Worked

To study the influence of trace elements on the corrosion and hydrogen ingress in Zr-2.5 Nb pressure tube material, buttons of this alloy containing up to 0.83 at% Fe were made by arc-melting. The buttons were then annealed at 973 K for three days, furnace cooled, followed by ≈80% cold-rolling. The microstructure of cold-worked Zr-2.5 at% Nb-0.83 at% Fe (Fig. 1) contained both β-Zr and intermetallic precipitates in the α-Zr grains. The particles were 0.1 to 0.7 μm in size, with shapes ranging from spherical to ellipsoidal and often contained faults. β-Zr appeared either roughly spherical or as irregular elongated patches, often extending to several micrometres.The composition of the intermetallic particles seen in Fig. 1 was determined using Van Cappellen’s extrapolation technique for energy dispersive X-ray analysis of thin metal foils. The method was employed to avoid corrections for absorption and fluorescence via the Cliff-Lorimer equation: CA/CB = kAB · IA/IB, where CA and CB are the concentrations by weight of the elements A and B, and IA and IB are the X-ray intensities; kAB is a proportionality factor.

XRMF applications of a monolithic, polycapillary, focusing x-ray optic

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
D. A. Carpenter ◽  
Ning Gao ◽  
G. J. Havrilla
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Focal Spot ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Focal Distance ◽  
Spot Diameter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Focal Spot Diameter

A monolithic, polycapillary, x-ray optic was adapted to a laboratory-based x-ray microprobe to evaluate the potential of the optic for x-ray micro fluorescence analysis. The polycapillary was capable of collecting x-rays over a 6 degree angle from a point source and focusing them to a spot approximately 40 µm diameter. The high intensities expected from this capillary should be useful for determining and mapping minor to trace elements in materials. Fig. 1 shows a sketch of the capillary with important dimensions.The microprobe had previously been used with straight and with tapered monocapillaries. Alignment of the monocapillaries with the focal spot was accomplished by electromagnetically scanning the focal spot over the beveled anode. With the polycapillary it was also necessary to manually adjust the distance between the focal spot and the polycapillary.The focal distance and focal spot diameter of the polycapillary were determined from a series of edge scans.

Major and Trace Elements in the Humic Acid

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kis ◽  
Katalin Gméling ◽  
Tímea Kocsis ◽  
János Osán ◽  
Mihály András Pocsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Gamma Activation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Precise Analysis

We present precise analysis of major and trace elements of the humic acid. We used three different element analytical techniques in our investigations as prompt-gamma activation analysis (PGAA), neutron activation analysis (NAA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was carried out. We identified 42 elements in our sample.

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