Blockchain Security Technology Based on the Asynchronous Transmission Mode of IoT Technology in Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lv ◽  
Donglin Su
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Transmission Mode ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Asynchronous Transmission

The Role of AI-Based Integrated Physical Security Governance for Optimizing IoT Devices Connectivity in Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 289-309
Author(s):  
Rajan R. ◽  
Venkata Subramanian Dayanandan ◽  
Shankar P. ◽  
Ranganath Tngk
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Physical Security ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Security Controls ◽  
World Class ◽  
Iot Devices

A smart city aims at developing an ecosystem wherein the citizens will have instant access to amenities required for a healthy and safe living. Since the mission of smart city is to develop and integrate many facilities, it is envisaged that there is a need for making the information available instantly for right use of such infrastructure. So, there exists a need to design and implement a world-class physical security measures which acts as a bellwether to protect people life from physical security threats. It is a myth that if placing adequate number of cameras alone would enhance physical security controls in smart cities. There is a need for designing and building comprehensive physical security controls, based on the principles of “layered defense-in-depth,” which integrates all aspects of physical security controls. This chapter will review presence of existing physical security technology controls for smart cities in line with the known security threats and propose the need for an AI-enabled physical security premise.

Synchronous and Asynchronous Communication Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 1587-1596
Author(s):  
António D. Reis ◽  
José F. Rocha ◽  
Atilio S. Gameiro ◽  
José P. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Asynchronous Communication ◽  
Transmission Mode ◽  
Synchronous Communication ◽  
Telecommunication System ◽  
Significant Aspect ◽  
Telecommunication Systems ◽  
Transmission Technique ◽  
Asynchronous Transmission ◽  
External Clock

This article talks generically about telecommunication systems. A telecommunication system involves a transmitter, a transmission medium, and a receiver. The type of communication between the transmitter and the receiver can be the synchronous transmission mode or the asynchronous transmission mode. Synchronous communication is sending data with synchronization to an external clock. The most significant aspect of synchronous communication is that the transmitter and receiver clocks are dependent and synchronized. The synchronous communication is a transmission technique that is widely used in telecommunications. Asynchronous communication is sending data without synchronization to an external clock. The most significant aspect of asynchronous communication is that the transmitter and receiver clocks are independent and are not synchronized. The synchronous communication is a transmission technique, which is widely used in personal computers, providing connectivity to printers, modems, fax machines, and so forth.

scholarly journals Battery Draining Attack and Defense against Power Saving Wireless LAN Devices

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2043
Author(s):  
Il-Gu Lee ◽  
Kyungmin Go ◽  
Jung Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Wireless Lan ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Security Vulnerabilities ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Saving Mechanism

Wi-Fi technology connects sensor-based things that operate with small batteries, and allows them to access the Internet from anywhere at any time and perform networking. It has become a critical element in many areas of daily life and industry, including smart homes, smart factories, smart grids, and smart cities. The Wi-Fi-based Internet of things is gradually expanding its range of uses from new industries to areas that are intimately connected to people’s lives, safety, and property. Wi-Fi technology has undergone a 20-year standardization process and continues to evolve to improve transmission speeds and service quality. Simultaneously, it has also been strengthening power-saving technology and security technology to improve energy efficiency and security while maintaining backward compatibility with past standards. This study analyzed the security vulnerabilities of the Wi-Fi power-saving mechanism used in smart devices and experimentally proved the feasibility of a battery draining attack (BDA) on commercial smartphones. The results of the experiment showed that when a battery draining attack was performed on power-saving Wi-Fi, 14 times the amount of energy was consumed compared with when a battery draining attack was not performed. This study analyzed the security vulnerabilities of the power-saving mechanism and discusses countermeasures.

scholarly journals Quality of life in smart cities - security technology & crime control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Mina ◽  
Saša Petar
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
City Life ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Improvement Programs

Abstract: The concept of the Smart City is increasingly gaining popularity and defines an approach that uses Information and Communication Technology to support the different facets of sustainability processes, while taking into consideration the interests of different stakeholders. Security is one of many issues raised in Smart City initiatives; the security issue is often tackled by the adoption of systems that enhance security systems. Smart Cities raises noteworthy political, specialized, and socioeconomic challenges for creators, trustworthiness, and organizations included in administrating these modern substances. An expanding number of considers center on the security, privacy, and risks inside Smart Cities, highlighting the dangers relating to data security and challenges for Smart City framework within the management and handling of individual information. Smart City has circulated over the created world influencing urban improvement programs and government methodologies. Such future cities are proclaimed for their proficient networked technologies implanted inside the texture of urban situations that give unused implies of social control for the state. These cities are imagined as a technological settle for the numerous issues of advanced city life; Rising advances are not faultless and have vulnerabilities that can be controlled by criminal performing artists. Indeed so, there's a curiously hush around the issues of security among the advocates of Smart Cities. Sažetak: Koncept Pametnog grada sve više dobiva na popularnosti i podrazumijeva pristup koji koristi informacijsku i komunikacijsku tehnologiju za podršku različitim aspektima procesa održivosti, uzimajući u obzir interese različitih dionika. Sigurnost je jedno od mnogih pitanja pokrenutih u inicijativama Pametnog grada. Sigurnosno pitanje često se rješava uvođenjem sustava koji poboljšavaju sigurnost. Pametni gradovi predstavljaju značajne političke, specijalizirane i socioekonomske izazove donositeljima odluka kao i organizacijama uključenim u upravljanje tim modernim sustavima. Sve veći broj istrtaživanja usmjeren je na sigurnost, privatnost i rizike u Pametnim gradovima, ističući opasnosti povezane sa sigurnošću podataka i izazove za Pametni grad u kontekstu upravljanja i korištenja pojedinih informacija. Pametni grad je dio svjetskog konteksta koji utječe na programe urbanih poboljšanja i metode upravljanja. Takvi su gradovi budućnosti zamišljeni kao vješto umrežene tehnologije ugrađene u teksturu urbanih situacija koje otvaraju neiskorištene mogućnosti društvene kontrole države. Ti su gradovi zamišljeni kao tehnološko rješenje za brojna pitanja kvalitete gradskog života. Napredak nije besprijekoran i ranjiv je. Uistinu, među zagovornicima Pametnih gradova postoji neobična šutnja oko pitanja sigurnosti.

Observation of surface morphology by reflection electron holography

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 536-537
Author(s):  
N. Osakabe ◽  
J. Endo ◽  
T. Matsuda ◽  
A. Tonomura
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Path Difference ◽  
Transmission Mode ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Dynamical Process ◽  
High Vertical Resolution ◽  
Amplification Technique

Progress in microscopy such as STM and TEM-TED has revealed surface structures in atomic dimension. REM has been used for the observation of surface dynamical process and surface morphology. Recently developed reflection electron holography, which employes REM optics to measure the phase shift of reflected electron, has been proved to be effective for the observation of surface morphology in high vertical resolution ≃ 0.01 Å.The key to the high sensitivity of the method is best shown by comparing the phase shift generation by surface topography with that in transmission mode. Difference in refractive index between vacuum and material Vo/2E≃10-4 owes the phase shift in transmission mode as shownn Fig. 1( a). While geometrical path difference is created in reflection mode( Fig. 1(b) ), which is measured interferometrically using high energy electron beam of wavelength ≃0.01 Å. Together with the phase amplification technique , the vertivcal resolution is expected to be ≤0.01 Å in an ideal case.

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