Microindentation of Cartilage Before and After Articular Loading in a Bioreactor: Assessment of Length-Scale Dependency Using Two Analysis Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Yuh ◽  
C. S. O’Bryan ◽  
T. E. Angelini ◽  
M. A. Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Length Scale ◽  
Scale Dependency ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Strategi Pendayagunaan STRATEGI PENDAYAGUNAAN ZAKAT PRODUKTIF UNTUK PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN ( Implementasi Indeks Zakat di LAZISMU )

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-288
Author(s):  
Tatang Ruhiat
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
East Timor ◽  
The South ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Data Source

Amil Zakat Infaq Shadaqah Muhammadiyah Institute (LAZISMU) as an official zakat management institution owned by community organizations has a role not only to manage and distribute zakat, but also play a role in empowering productive zakat so as to reduce poverty, by measuring through the zakat index the distribution of zakat funds will right on target.This study aims to determine the role of LAZISMU in the strategy of utilizing productive zakat. This study also aims to analyze the achievements of the zakat index implemented by LAZISMU. This study took a sample in the South East Timor Regency, the application of the LAZISMU zakat index which receives productive zakat. This research is a field research that is research whose data source is obtained directly from the object of research documentation and descriptive analysis methods to find out and analyze the role of LAZISMU. In addition to distributing productive zakat, LAZISMU also conducts supervision and guidance on mustahiq in using the productive zakat funds received. The results of the different test analyzes showed that there were differences in the income of mustahiq before and after receiving productive zakat.

scholarly journals Length-scale dependency of biomimetic hard-soft composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Mirzaali ◽  
M. E. Edens ◽  
A. Herranz de la Nava ◽  
S. Janbaz ◽  
P. Vena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Scale ◽  
Scale Dependency

Fault Analysis of Smart Meter Based on Metering Chip Failure Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 568-570 ◽  
pp. 437-440
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Peng He Zhang ◽  
Sheng Chen ◽  
Chun Yu Li ◽  
Ya Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Fault Analysis ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Function Testing

Based on the metering principles of smart meter, this paper designed a sub-module function testing system which can analysis the function of smart meter. According to the principle of the bathtub curve, based on the sub-module function test prototype , we accelerated thermal stress test for the metering chip. By comparing the sampling channel data before and after the test, this paper proposed the metering chip failure analysis methods and processes, to find the cause of the failure, and thus form a “smart meter-metering chip-smart meter” failure analysis flow which can using for the smart meter.

Plasticity of Copper with Small Grain Size

2005 ◽  
Vol 482 ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Champion ◽  
Cyril Langlois ◽  
Sandrine Guérin ◽  
Sylvie Lartigue-Korinek ◽  
P. Langlois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Free Path ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Critical Length ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Elasto Plasticity

Based on the Taylor theory, a critical length scale is defined as the minimum dislocations cell size obtained at the maximum work-hardening for metals and alloys. When grain size is smaller than this length scale, corresponding also to a critical dislocation mean free path, new behaviours occur; such as ductility and strength, near perfect elasto-plasticity, high strain-rate sensitivity. Bulk samples are fabricated from Cu nanopowders (particle size 50 nm) by powder metallurgy techniques. The final grain size is comprised between the critical mean free path, evaluated at 130 nm and the size where transition to the so-called nano regime occurs (when unit dislocation no longer exists below 30 nm for Cu). Tensile tests are carried and microstructural analysis are performed before and after deformation.

scholarly journals Application of Unsupervised Multivariate Analysis Methods to Raman Spectroscopic Assessment of Human Dental Enamel

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Iulian Otel ◽  
Joao Silveira ◽  
Valentina Vassilenko ◽  
António Mata ◽  
Maria Luísa Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Data Treatment ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Protective Treatment

This work explores the suitability of data treatment methodologies for Raman spectra of teeth using multivariate analysis methods. Raman spectra were measured in our laboratory and obtained from control enamel samples and samples with a protective treatment before and after an erosive attack. Three different approaches for data treatment were undertaken in order to evaluate the aptitude of distinguishing between groups: A—Principal Component Analysis of the numerical parameters derived from deconvoluted spectra; B—PCA of average Raman spectra after baseline correction; and C—PCA of average raw Raman spectra. Additionally, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were applied to Raman spectra of enamel measured with different laser wavelengths (638 nm or 785 nm) to evaluate the most suitable choice of illumination. According to the different approaches, PC1 scores obtained between control and treatment group were A—50.5%, B—97.1% and C—83.0% before the erosive attack and A—55.2%, B—93.2% and C—87.8% after an erosive attack. The obtained results showed that performing PCA analysis of raw or baseline corrected Raman spectra of enamel was not as efficient in the evaluation of samples with different treatments. Moreover, acquiring Raman spectra with a 785 nm laser increases precision in the data treatment methodologies.

The Study of the Effects of Synthesis Process on the PAE Curing Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 707 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Pei Pei Wang ◽  
Chuan Shan Zhao ◽  
Wen Jia Han ◽  
Yi Fei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
Microscope Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Toluene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Curing Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscope Analysis

By changing ther factors of synthesis process of PAE, discussed the effects of synthetic conditions on the PAE curing, and through electron microscope analysis methods, the curing mechanism of PAE is preliminary discussed.When the ratio of DTEA/AA was 1:1.05,the dry and wet strength of paper before and after curing achieved the best value.when the dosage of p-toluene sulfonic acid is 1.5%, the PAE can achieve best effect.the best ratio of PPC and epichlorohydrin is 1:0.7.

scholarly journals A novel approach to thermographic images analysis of equine thoracolumbar region: the effect of effort and rider’s body weight on structural image complexity

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Masko ◽  
Marta Borowska ◽  
Malgorzata Domino ◽  
Tomasz Jasinski ◽  
Lukasz Zdrojkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gray Level ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Maximal Load ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Thoracolumbar Region ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thermographic Camera ◽  
Back Problems ◽  
Occurrence Matrix

Abstract Background The horses’ backs are particularly exposed to overload and injuries due to direct contact with the saddle and the influence of e.g. the rider’s body weight. The maximal load for a horse’s back during riding has been suggested not to exceed 20% of the horses’ body weight. The common prevalence of back problems in riding horses prompted the popularization of thermography of the thoracolumbar region. However, the analysis methods of thermographic images used so far do not distinguish loaded horses with body weight varying between 10 and 20%. Results The superficial body temperature (SBT) of the thoracolumbar region of the horse’s back was imaged using a non-contact thermographic camera before and after riding under riders with LBW (low body weight, 10%) and HBW (high body weight, 15%). Images were analyzed using six methods: five recent SBT analyses and the novel approach based on Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Gray Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM). Temperatures of the horse’s thoracolumbar region were higher (p < 0.0001) after then before the training, and did not differ depending on the rider’s body weight (p > 0.05), regardless of used SBT analysis method. Effort-dependent differences (p < 0.05) were noted for six features of GLCM and GLRLM analysis. The values of selected GLCM and GLRLM features also differed (p < 0.05) between the LBW and HBW groups. Conclusion The GLCM and GLRLM analyses allowed the differentiation of horses subjected to a load of 10 and 15% of their body weights while horseback riding in contrast to the previously used SBT analysis methods. Both types of analyzing methods allow to differentiation thermal images obtained before and after riding. The textural analysis, including selected features of GLCM or GLRLM, seems to be promising tools in considering the quantitative assessment of thermographic images of horses’ thoracolumbar region.

Deformation Replication

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Aluminum Chips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Very High

Tool materials used in ultramicrotomy are glass, developed by Latta and Hartmann (1) and diamond, introduced by Fernandez-Moran (2). While diamonds produce more good sections per knife edge than glass, they are expensive; require careful mounting and handling; and are time consuming to clean before and after usage, purchase from vendors (3-6 months waiting time), and regrind. Glass offers an easily accessible, inexpensive material ($0.04 per knife) with very high compressive strength (3) that can be employed in microtomy of metals (4) as well as biological materials. When the orthogonal machining process is being studied, glass offers additional advantages. Sections of metal or plastic can be dried down on the rake face, coated with Au-Pd, and examined directly in the SEM with no additional handling (5). Figure 1 shows aluminum chips microtomed with a 75° glass knife at a cutting speed of 1 mm/sec with a depth of cut of 1000 Å lying on the rake face of the knife.

The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
R. F. Bils ◽  
W. F. Diller ◽  
F. Huth
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

Ultrastructure of Melanin Formation in Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., and Drechslera Sorokiniana

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
M. H. Wheeler ◽  
W. J. Tolmsoff ◽  
A. A. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Potassium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Electron Transmission ◽  
Melanin Formation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Electron Transmission Microscopy

(+)-Scytalone [3,4-dihydro-3,6,8-trihydroxy-l-(2Hj-naphthalenone] and 1,8-di- hydroxynaphthalene (DHN) have been proposed as intermediates of melanin synthesis in the fungi Verticillium dahliae (1, 2, 3, 4) and Thielaviopsis basicola (4, 5). Scytalone is enzymatically dehydrated by V. dahliae to 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene which is then reduced to (-)-vermelone [(-)-3,4- dihydro-3,8-dihydroxy-1(2H)-naphthalenone]. Vermelone is subsequently dehydrated to DHN which is enzymatically polymerized to melanin.Melanin formation in Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., and Drechslera soro- kiniana was examined by light and electron-transmission microscopy. Wild-type isolates of each fungus were compared with albino mutants before and after treatment with 1 mM scytalone or 0.1 mM DHN in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. Both chemicals were converted to dark pigments in the walls of hyphae and conidia of the albino mutants. The darkened cells were similar in appearance to corresponding cells of the wild types under the light microscope.

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