A carbon tax or a subsidy? Policy choice when a green firm competes with a high carbon emitter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Guo ◽  
Rongbing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Policy Choice ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Subsidy Policy

Decision-making models for promoting consumption of low energy-intensive broadband terminal products in the Chinese telecommunication industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-282
Author(s):  
Qing Liu ◽  
Senlin Zhao ◽  
Qinghua Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Telecommunication Industry ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend game analysis to explore decision-making mechanisms for promoting a specific type of products, low energy consumption for individual one while the total energy consumption is huge due to the high quantity of sales, that is, low for individual and high for total (LIHT) in terms of energy consumption. Design/methodology/approach Game models are developed to compare decisions of optimal prices for newly developed and environmentally friendly (NDEF) and regular products as well as associated sales quantity, profits, carbon emissions under different governmental policies, along with a case of low energy-intensive broadband terminal products in the Chinese telecommunication industry under the carbon tax and subsidy policies. Findings For both NDEF and regular products, optimal prices decrease under the subsidy policy while both increase under the tax policy. Manufacturers’ decision of optimal prices is highly relevant with unit carbon tax/subsidy and the consumers’ preference. Both the tax and subsidy policies can improve consumption of NDEF products while the subsidy policy can be more effective at the current initial stage. Research limitations/implications This paper provides decision support for manufacturers to promote sustainable consumption of LIHT products. Research ideas on models development and solutions for optimal prices can be applied to other LIHT products. Practical implications The results provide insights for governments on how to effectively evaluate and motivate sustainable consumption for LIHT products. Originality/value This paper first explores how to motivate sustainable consumption of LIHT products by developing models, examining effectiveness of potential governmental policies as well as associated carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Impact of Asymmetric Carbon Information on Supply Chain Decisions under Low-Carbon Policies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Jingna Ji ◽  
Chenshi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Allocation Mechanism ◽  
Asymmetric Carbon

Through the establishment of the leading manufacturer Stackelberg game model under asymmetric carbon information, this paper investigates the misreporting behaviors of the supply chain members and their influences on supply chain performance. Based on “Benchmarking” allocation mechanism, three policies are considered: carbon emission trading, carbon tax, and a new policy which combined carbon quota and carbon tax mechanism. The results show that, in the three models, the leader in the supply chain, even if he has advantages of carbon information, will not lie about his information. That is because the manufacturer’s misreporting behavior has no effect on supply chain members’ performance. But the retailer will lie about the information when he has carbon information advantage. The high-carbon-emission retailers under the carbon trading policy, all the retailers under the carbon tax policy, and the high-carbon-emission retailers under combined quotas and tax policy would like to understate their carbon emissions. Coordination of revenue sharing contract is studied in supply chain to induce the retailer to declare his real carbon information. Optimal contractual parameters are deduced in the three models, under which the profit of the supply chain can be maximized.

scholarly journals The Climate Crisis Will Not Wait

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
Matilda Gettins
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Climate Crisis

AbstractClimate communication is an essential step towards changing the rules. Policies with a large-scale impact on the economy and individuals, such as a high carbon tax, must be justified in terms of their proportionality.

scholarly journals Decisions of the Dual-Channel Supply Chain under Double Policy Considering Remanufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingzhong Feng ◽  
Lei Ma ◽  
Yangke Ding ◽  
Guanghua Wu ◽  
Ye Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
Green Consumers ◽  
The Government

Considering the preference of green consumers for remanufactured products, a dual-sale-channel supply chain model with government non-intervention, government remanufacturing subsidy policy, and carbon tax policy is constructed, respectively. The difference of the optimal decision between the firm and the government under the two policies is discussed in this paper. Meanwhile, we analyze the influence of green consumers on the government’s optimal decision, based on social welfare maximization. It is found that without government intervention, social welfare is the lowest. The carbon tax policy is better when the proportion of green consumers and the environmental coefficient are extreme or moderate at the same time. Otherwise, the subsidy policy is better. The carbon tax policy is more effective than the subsidy policy in controlling carbon emissions. Profit-sharing contracts should be established by enterprises and governments to achieve win–win results.

scholarly journals Comparatively Analyzing the Impact of Government Subsidy and Carbon Tax Policy on Authorized Remanufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8293
Author(s):  
Biao Li ◽  
Yong Geng ◽  
Xiqiang Xia ◽  
Dan Qiao ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Product Recovery ◽  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Tax Policies ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Authorized remanufacturing is an important means to achieve green manufacturing and carbon neutrality. In this study, a game theory model between a manufacturer and a remanufacturer was constructed to analyze the impact of government subsidies and carbon tax policies on authorized remanufacturing. Based on the game theory model, the effects of two government policies on the optimal solution, namely, the unit cost of remanufacturing product authorization and the waste product recovery rate, were compared and analyzed. This analysis could provide a reference for the government to improve and formulate relevant remanufacturing policies. The main results are as follows: government subsidy policies may increase the unit cost of remanufacturing product authorization and the rates of waste product recovery; government carbon tax policies may not affect the unit cost of remanufacturing product authorization, and increase the rates of waste product recovery; the government subsidy policy may not affect the unit retail price of new products, and reduces the unit retail price of remanufactured products; the government subsidy and carbon tax policies may reduce sales of new products and increase sales of remanufactured products; the government subsidies may increase the revenue of the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and the remanufacturer; and the government carbon tax policies may increase the revenue of the remanufacturer. However, government carbon tax policies increase the revenue of the OEM only when the new product carbon tax amount is higher than a certain threshold. The impact of the two policies on the environment is related to the ratio of the two products’ impact on the environment, i.e., the quota ratio between the unit government carbon tax of the new product and the unit government subsidy of the remanufactured product. Finally, the consumer surplus is maximized when the government adopts the subsidy policy and lowest when the government adopts the carbon tax policy.

Precipitation at the transformation interface of pearlite in steel

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 912-913
Author(s):  
F. A. Khalid ◽  
D. V. Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Thin Foil ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Model Alloy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Growth Interface ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Interphase Precipitation ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Wide Range

The austenite/pearlite growth interface in a model alloy steel (Fe-1lMn-0.8C-0.5V nominal wt%) is being studied in an attempt to characterise the morphology and mechanism of VC precipitation at the growth interface. In this alloy pearlite nodules can be grown isothermally in austenite that remains stable at room temperature thus facilitating examination of the transformation interfaces. This study presents preliminary results of thin foil TEM of the precipitation of VC at the austenite/ferrite interface, which reaction, termed interphase precipitation, occurs in a number of low- carbon HSLA and microalloyed medium- and high- carbon steels. Some observations of interphase precipitation in microalloyed low- and medium- carbon commercial steels are also reported for comparison as this reaction can be responsible for a significant increase in strength in a wide range of commercial steels.The experimental alloy was made as 50 g argon arc melts using high purity materials and homogenised. Samples were solution treated at 1300 °C for 1 hr and WQ. Specimens were then solutionised at 1300 °C for 15 min. and isothermally transformed at 620 °C for 10-18hrs. and WQ. Specimens of microalloyed commercial steels were studied in either as-rolled or as- forged conditions. Detailed procedures of thin foil preparation for TEM are given elsewhere.

Internal friction in a martensitic high-carbon steel

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 2797-2808
Author(s):  
Rustem Bagramov, Daniele Mari, Willy Benoi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
High Carbon
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