Solid waste generation indicators, per capita, in Amazonian countries

Author(s):  
Carlos Armando Reyes Flores ◽  
Alan Cavalcanti da Cunha ◽  
Helenilza Ferreira Albuquerque Cunha
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Abu Qdais ◽  
Osama Saadeh ◽  
Mohamad Al-Widyan ◽  
Raed Al-tal ◽  
Muna Abu-Dalo

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe the efforts undertaken to convert the large university campus of Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) into a green, resource-efficient and low-carbon campus by following an action-oriented strategy. Sustainability features of the campus were discussed and benchmarked. Challenges were identified and remedial actions were proposed. Design/methodology/approach Taking 2015 as the baseline year, data on energy, water consumption and solid waste generation for the university campus were collected. Energy consumption for cooling, heating and transportation, besides electric power consumption, were reported, and the associated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were estimated. By calculating the full time equivalent of students and employees, carbon emission and water consumption per capita were calculated. A comparison with other universities worldwide was conducted. Findings Although located in a semiarid region with scarce water resources, JUST has set an example by greening its campus through an action-oriented approach. It was found that the per capita carbon emission for JUST campus was 1.33 ton of CO2 equivalent, which is less than the emissions from campuses of other universities worldwide. As for water, this study revealed that the daily per capita water consumption was about 56 L, which is approximately one-third of that for students in institutions in the USA. Furthermore, the findings of this study indicated that the average solid waste generation rate was 0.37 kg per student per day compared to 0.31 kg per capita per day when considering the university community (students and employees) collectively. These figures were less and thus compare favorably to the corresponding data for other universities in both developing and developed countries. Originality/value This research addresses the issue of greening JUST campus, which is one of the largest university campuses in the world. JUST campus is located in a semiarid, water-scarce country, which on its own poses a serious challenge. The originality and value of this study mainly stem from the facts that on the one hand, this is one of the unique and pioneering comprehensive studies of its type and, on the other hand, other universities with similar conditions can benefit from the findings of this research to meet the sustainability objectives on their campus operations.


Urbanisation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Daniel Hoornweg ◽  
Lorraine Sugar ◽  
Claudia Lorena Trejos Gomez

Cities are blamed for the majority of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. So too are more affluent, highly urbanised countries. If all production- and consumption-based emissions that result from lifestyle and purchasing habits are included, urban residents and their associated affluence likely account for more than 80 per cent of the world’s GHG emissions. Attribution of GHG emissions should be refined. Apportioning responsibility can be misguided, as recent literature demonstrates that residents of denser city centres can emit half the GHG emissions of their suburban neighbours. It also fails to capture the enormous disparities within and across cities as emissions are lowest for poor cities and particularly low for the urban poor. This article presents a detailed analysis of per capita GHG emissions for several large cities and a review of per capita emissions for 100 cities for which peer-reviewed studies are available. This highlights how average per capita GHG emissions for cities vary from more than 15 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) (Sydney, Calgary, Stuttgart and several major US cities) to less than half a tonne (various cities in Nepal, India and Bangladesh). The article discusses where GHG emissions arise and where mitigation efforts may be most effective. It illustrates the need to obtain comparable estimates at city level and the importance of defining the scope of the analysis. Emissions for Toronto are presented at a neighbourhood level, city core level and metropolitan area level, and these are compared with provincial and national per capita totals. This shows that GHG emissions can vary noticeably for the same resident of a city or country, depending on whether these are production- or consumption-based values. The methodologies and results presented form important inputs for policy development across urban sectors. The article highlights the benefits and drawbacks of apportioning GHG emissions (and solid waste generation) per person. A strong correlation between high rates of GHG emissions and solid waste generation is presented. Policies that address both in concert may be more effective as they are both largely by-products of lifestyles.


Author(s):  
Silmara Thais Mariosa ◽  
Márcia Keller Alves

A análise quantitativa da geração de resíduos sólidos no setor de refeições coletivas pode ser usada como indicativo de desperdício em uma Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição (UAN), prevenindo perdas econômicas e reduzindo o impacto ambiental causado pelos resíduos. O estudo teve como objetivo quantificar a geração de resíduos sólidos em uma UAN inserida em uma empresa do ramo metalúrgico. Foram avaliados os resíduos sólidos durante cinco dias alternados, sendo um dia em cada semana. Para servir 1.407 refeições foram gerados 134.925 g de resíduos sólidos alimentares, resultando em um per capita de 95,89 g/pessoa e 27.114 g de resíduos sólidos não alimentares, per capita de 19,27 g/pessoa. Do total de resíduos, 32,17% foram gerados no pré-preparo; 21,21% foram gerados no resto ingestão; 19,21% foram de sobra suja; 18,80% foram de resíduos não alimentares e 7,90% referentes à sobra limpa. Conclui-se que a UAN apresentou uma quantidade de resíduos sólidos per capita inferior aos valores reportados pela literatura, porém o controle de desperdício deve ser aplicado, constantemente, para dar continuidade na redução do desperdício alimentar e na geração de resíduos. Palavras-chave: Resíduos Sólidos. Nutrição. Desperdício de Alimentos. AbstractThe quantitative analysis of waste generation in the collective meal sector can be used as an indicator of waste in a Food and Nutrition Unit (FNU), preventing economic losses and reducing the environmental impact caused by the waste. This study aimed to quantify solid waste generation in a FNU inserted in a metallurgical company. The residues were evaluated during five alternate days, being one day in each week. In order to  serve 1,407 meals, 134,925 g of solid food waste was generated, resulting in a per capita of 95.89 g/person and 27,114 g of non-food solids per capita of 19.27 g/person. Of the total waste, 32.17% was generated in the pre-preparation; 21.21% was generated in the rest ingestion; 19.21% was dirty leftover food; 18.80% was disposable waste and 7.90% was clean waste. It is concluded that FNU presented a quantity of solid waste per capita lower than the values reported in the literature, but the waste control must be applied constantly to continue the reduction of food waste and waste generation. Keywords: Solid Residues. Nutrition Unit. Food Waste.


2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2098559
Author(s):  
RA Ibikunle ◽  
IF Titiladunayo ◽  
SO Dahunsi ◽  
EA Akeju ◽  
CO Osueke

This research investigates the quantity of municipal solid waste produced during the dry season, and its characterization at Eyenkorin dumpsite of Ilorin metropolis, along the Lagos-Ilorin express way. The physicochemical and thermal compositions of the combustible fractions of municipal solid waste were analysed, to ascertain the available calorific value. In this research, the quantity (tonnes) of waste generated, the rate of generation (kg per capita per day), its sustainability and the likely energy and power potentials in the dry season, were essentially predicted. The population responsible for municipal solid waste generation during this study was 1,120,834 people. During the characterization study from November 2018 to February 2019, it was established that 203,831 tonnes of municipal solid waste was produced during the four months of the dry season, at the rate of 1.12 kg per capita per day. It was found that 280 tonnes/day of municipal solid waste with low heating value of 19 MJ kg-1, would generate 1478 MWh of heat energy and 18 MW of electrical energy potentials discretely, and grid of 13 kW.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Appel Colvero ◽  
Anny Kariny Feitosa ◽  
José Carlos Ramalho ◽  
Ana Paula Duarte Gomes ◽  
Luís António da Cruz Tarelho ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document