Testing the long-run impact of economic growth, energy consumption, and globalization on ecological footprint: new evidence from Fourier bootstrap ARDL and Fourier bootstrap Toda–Yamamoto test results

This study examines the causal relationship among economic growth, energy consumption and tourism development in Taiwan over the period from 1965 to 2010. Three Principle test results emerge from this study. First, test results indicate a long-run equilibrium relationship and a bi-direction of causality between energy consumption and tourism development with one proxy, number of visitors, being more significant than the other, visitor expenditures. Second, a bi-directional causality between energy consumption and economic growth is observed. Third, test results indicate no reciprocal causal relationship between tourism development and economic growth. From an energy conservation and sustainable tourism point of view, it is suggested policy makers and industry leaders develop high value, high profit tourism products that aim on attracting more visitor expenditures rather than numbers of visitor.

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Relationship Among Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, CO2 Emission, and Urbanization: Evidence From MINT Countries

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244020914648 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 215824402091464 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jamiu Adetola Odugbesan ◽

Husam Rjoub

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Potential Growth ◽

Urbanization Level ◽

Development Indicators ◽

Long Run ◽

Bidirectional Relationship ◽

Sustainable Urbanization ◽

Growth Energy ◽

Yearly Data

This study aimed at examining the synergy among economic growth, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, urbanization, and energy consumption in MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey) countries. Yearly data from 1993 to 2017, which were sourced from World Bank Development Indicators, were employed, and the analysis was performed by employing the ARDL Bounds test approach. The findings from the study reveal that the energy–growth hypothesis that assumed unidirectional causality from energy consumption was true for Nigeria and Indonesia, whereas Mexico and Turkey followed the feedback hypothesis, which indicates a bidirectional relationship. Meanwhile, all the MINT countries show a long-run relationship from economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions to urbanization. The study suggests that the policymakers in MINT countries should develop an energy conservation policy that will enhance the potential growth of their economy. More so, there is a need to promote green industries. Finally, to ensure sustainable urbanization in MINT countries, concerted efforts need to be made to ensure the reduction in the urbanization level, so as to ensure the sustainability of the urbanization, but without compromising the economic growth, through the formulation of policies that will ensure the decrease in CO2 emissions to achieve quality environment.

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The dynamic relationship between CO2 emission, international tourism and energy consumption in Pakistan: a cointegration approach

Tourism Review ◽

10.1108/tr-01-2019-0006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 761-779 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yaping Liu ◽

Tafazal Kumail ◽

Wajahat Ali ◽

Farah Sadiq

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Granger Causality ◽

Environmental Quality ◽

Energy Use ◽

Ardl Model ◽

Content Type ◽

Dynamic Relationship ◽

Long Run ◽

Growth Energy

Purpose The present study aims to investigate the dynamic relationship between international tourist receipts, economic growth, energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Pakistan over the period 1980-2016. Many researchers have investigated the link between tourism and CO2 emissions, but there is no clear picture as the results are contradictory. This study is an attempt to compliment the literature related to tourism and environmental quality. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted the autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) model to investigate the short- and long-run estimates simultaneously. The study further applied Granger causality to find out the direction of causalities. To arrive at long-run robust estimates, the study used dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) model. Findings The results found that tourist receipts have no significant impact on environmental quality, while growth and energy consumption are the main determinants of CO2 emissions in Pakistan. The Granger causality test confirmed unidirectional causalities from GDP and energy consumption toward CO2 emissions, while tourist receipts do not affect environmental quality. DOLS technique confirmed the long-run estimates of ARDL model. Research limitations/implications The result of the study complements the literature by adding new evidence regarding the nexus of tourism and environment. Findings of the study are important for policymakers and regulatory bodies to place their focus on the development of tourism sector (services sector) rather than energy-intensive manufacturing activities to sustain the growth of the country in higher quartiles, as tourism receipts have no significant negative externalities toward environment, while energy use is one of the key determinants of environmental degradation. Originality/value This study used time series data over the period 1980-2016 for Pakistan to inspect the dynamic relationship between tourist receipts, economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions.

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Investigating the Causal Linkage Among Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Thailand: An Application of the Wavelet Coherence Approach

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development ◽

10.14710/ijred.2021.32233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 17-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo ◽

Gbenga Daniel Akinsola

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Wavelet Coherence ◽

Series Data ◽

Energy Usage ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Long Run ◽

Growth Energy

The study aims to explore the causal linkage between CO2 emissions, economic growth and energy consumption in Thailand utilizing the wavelet coherence approach, conventional Granger and the Toda-Yamamoto causality techniques. In this study, In this study, time-series data spanning the period between 1971 and 2018 were used. No prior study has used the wavelet coherence approach to collect information on the association and causal interrelationship among these economic variables at different frequencies and timeframes in Thailand. The study objectives are structured to answer the following question: Does economic growth and energy consumption lead to CO2 emissions in Thailand?. The findings revealed that: (a) Changes in economic growth led to changes in CO2 emissions in Thailand at different frequencies (different scales) between 1971 and 2018. (b) A bidirectional causal relationship between CO2 emissions and energy consumption. (c) A positive correlation between CO2 emissions and energy usage in the short and long-run between 1971 and 2018. (d) A positive correlation between GDP growth and CO2 emissions in the short and long-run between 1971 and 2018. The study suggested that Thailand should initiate stronger policies towards enhancing the efficiency of energy and energy-usage programs to minimize unnecessary energy waste.

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Tourism, economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in China

Tourism Economics ◽

10.1177/1354816620918458 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 135481662091845 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jiekuan Zhang ◽

Yan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Granger Causality ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Long Run ◽

Cointegration Tests ◽

Short Run ◽

Vecm Granger Causality ◽

Growth Energy

In this article, we for the first time applied the vector error correction model (VECM) Granger causality approach to investigate the short-run and long-run causal relationships among tourism, economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for 30 Chinese provinces over the period 2000–2017. The results implied that the analyzed variables became stationary at their first differences. The panel cointegration tests indicated the presence of a long-term equilibrium relationship among these four analyzed variables. Results from the VECM Granger causality tests suggested that the bidirectional short-term causalities were statistically confirmed between gross domestic product (GDP) and tourism. Additionally, we found that some unidirectional short-run causalities existed running from energy consumption to other analyzed variables and bidirectional long-run causalities existed between CO2 emissions and GDP, CO2 emissions and tourism, and GDP and tourism. Moreover, we also found the existence of unidirectional long-term causalities running from energy consumption to other analyzed variables. Based on these findings, we highlighted some key policy implications to develop China’s sustainable tourism.

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An investigation into the anthropogenic nexus among consumption of energy, tourism, and economic growth: do economic policy uncertainties matter?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-020-10638-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 2835-2847

Author(s):

Festus Fatai Adedoyin ◽

Solomon Nathaniel ◽

Ngozi Adeleye

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Economic Policy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Ecological Footprint ◽

Least Square ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Policy Uncertainty ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Ordinary Least Square ◽

Long Run

AbstractGlobal warming has been a pressing issue for the past decade as various economic activities have been flagged and are expected to reduce emissions. While previous studies have examined the energy consumption-emissions-economic growth nexus in significant detail, attention is yet to be given to the role of economic policy uncertainties and human activities such as tourism in a carbon function. Thus, this study aims to investigate the long-run relationship between energy consumption, tourists’ arrivals, economic policy uncertainty, and ecological footprint in the top ten earners from international tourism over the period 1995 to 2015. The fully modified ordinary least square and dynamic ordinary least square estimation techniques and the Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality tests were used in the study. Empirical results suggest that economic policy uncertainties in addition to tourism and energy consumption are drivers of environmental degradation. However, the contribution of energy consumption to ecological footprint is significantly moderated by economic policy uncertainties such that a 1% increase in the latter reduces environmental damage by 0.71%. This study suggests that policy uncertainties matter a great deal for energy and environmental policies. Also, green economic growth is possible if the proper implementation of environmental protection policies can restrict the harmful impact of economic activities on the quality of the environment. Based on the empirical findings, vital energy policy recommendations are suggested.

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The Dynamic Relationship among Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Environment in Iran

International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.50.118 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 118-128

Author(s):

Hamid Amadeh ◽

Parisa Kafi

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Series Data ◽

Long Run ◽

Integration Test ◽

The Government ◽

Growth Energy

In recent decades, environmental risks and hazards are more visible. These damages caused by a combination of factors such as population growth, economic growth, energy, and industrial activities. This study discusses long-run equilibrium relationship, short-term dynamic relationships and causal relationships between energy consumption, economic growth and the environment (carbon dioxide emissions) in Iran, by using time series data during 1971-2009, through Co integration test. Co integration test demonstrates that a long-run relationship exists among the three variables. It is obvious that carbon dioxide emissions will be increased by positive shock of energy consumption and economic growth, by a one percent increase in energy consumption and economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions will increase 55 and 43 percent respectively. The result of this study is important because of reducing carbon dioxide emissions from energy use and economic development matters. In other words, to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, the government should reduce the amount of Petroleum products in energy consumption, and it also improves the efficiency of using energy.

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Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth in Tunisia

Wealth Creation and Poverty Reduction ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-1207-4.ch026 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 437-449

Author(s):

Sana Essaber Jouini ◽

Etidel Labidi

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Series Data ◽

Causality Analysis ◽

Significance Level ◽

Conservation Policies ◽

Long Run ◽

Growth Energy

This paper examines the long run and causal relationship issues between economic growth, energy consumption and carbon emissions by using vector error correction model for the case of Tunisia within 1970-2010. Empirical results using time series data suggest an evidence of a long-run relationship between the variables at 5% significance level in Tunisia. A Granger causality analysis is conducted amongst the variables. The overall results indicate bidirectional causality between energy consumption and CO2 emissions and a unidirectional causality running from pollutant emissions to economic growth. But there is no direct relation between energy consumption and economic growth. Thus, our results reveal that in short term energy conservation policies, such as rationing energy consumption have no effect on the real output growth of Tunisia.

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Energy consumption and economic growth nexus: Panel co-integration and causality tests for Sub-Saharan Africa

Journal of Energy in Southern Africa ◽

10.17159/2413-3051/2014/v25i4a2242 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 93-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Basiru Oyeniran Fatai

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Unit Root Test ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Test Results ◽

Long Run ◽

Equilibrium Relationship ◽

Causality Tests ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Different Sources

This study reassesses the causal relationships between energy consumption and economic growth in 18 Sub-Saharan Africa countries over the period 1980-2011. The Panel Unit Root Test results show that variables (both exogenous and endogenous) are stationary at their first difference with individual effects and individual linear trends, while the results of panel co-integration tests show that energy consumption and economic growth do have a stable long-run equilibrium relationship. There is unidirectional causality from energy consumption to economic growth in East and the Southern Africa Sub-region, which supports the growth hypothesis. As a result, the related authorities in the regions should take a special interest in different sources of energy and invest more in this sector, make suitable policies in this regard and find new alternative and cheap sources of energy. But, there is no causality between energy consumption and economic growth in Central and the West Africa Sub-region, which is in line with the neutrality hypothesis. In other words, both energy consumption and economic growth are neutral with respect to each other. Our results confirm the inconclusive nature of a causality relationship between energy consumption and economic growth.

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Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions in China: A Cointegration Analysis

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1616 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 291-294 ◽

pp. 1616-1619 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qun Wei Wang ◽

Cheng Ling Cai ◽

Dan Lu

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Cointegration Analysis ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Causality Test ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Long Run ◽

Growth Energy

This paper studies the relationships between economic growth, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) procedure and Engle-Granger causality test in China over the period 1965-2011. The empirical results show that GDP, energy and carbon emissions have appeared to be cointegrated. Moreover, there exists unidirectional causality from energy consumption to economic growth and carbon emissions to economic growth in short run. It has also been found that energy consumption and carbon emissions promote economic growth in long run. Some policy implications have been proposed finally.

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