Opioid Use, Gut Dysbiosis, Inflammation, and the Nervous System

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Jalodia ◽  
Yaa Fosuah Abu ◽  
Mark Ryan Oppenheimer ◽  
Bridget Herlihy ◽  
Jingjing Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis

scholarly journals 143. Opioid Use and Hospitalizations for Endocarditis, Osteomyelitis, and Central Nervous System Abscess among Adults — New York City, 2001–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S99-S99
Author(s):  
Chaorui Huang ◽  
David Lucero ◽  
Denise Paone ◽  
Ellenie Tuazon ◽  
Demetre Daskalakis
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
New York City ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
York City ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Opioid Users ◽  
Discharge Record

Abstract Background Along with a growing opioid epidemic nationwide, opioid users often have an increased risk of severe infectious diseases including endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and central nervous system (CNS) abscess. As the largest city in the United States, New York City (NYC) may serve as a study model for opioid use and infectious diseases. We investigated the association between opioid use and hospitalizations for endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and CNS abscess in NYC. Methods Data for NYC residents aged ≥18 years discharged from New York State hospitals during 2001–2014 were analyzed using a hospital discharge dataset. We defined a hospitalization for endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and CNS abscess as one with a principal or secondary diagnosis for these conditions within the discharge record. We identified opioid users by examining principal or secondary diagnoses for opioid use within the discharge record at the time of hospitalization for endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and CNS abscess. Log-binomial model was applied among all hospitalized patients using endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and CNS abscess as the outcome, adjusting for age, sex, race, and borough. Results During 2001–2014, there were 139,392 hospitalizations in total for endocarditis, osteomyelitis, or CNS abscess, of which 8,823 (6.3%) were among opioid users. There was an increased risk of hospitalization for endocarditis [RR: 2.6 (95% CI: 2.5–2.7)], osteomyelitis [RR: 1.1 (95% CI: 1.1–1.1)], and CNS abscesses [RR: 1.9 (95% CI: 1.8–2.1)] among hospitalized opioid users compared with hospitalized nonopioid users, adjusted by age, sex, race, and borough. Hospitalized opioid users had four times the risk for endocarditis hospitalization compared with hospitalized nonopioid users in the 18–44 year age group (RR: 4.2 [95% CI: 3.9–4.5]) (Table 1). Conclusion These results provide further evidence that opioid use is associated with an increased risk of endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and CNS abscess. Efforts to combat the opioid epidemic might lower the overall incidence of endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and CNS abscess. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Gut dysbiosis, leaky gut, and intestinal epithelial proliferation in neurological disorders: towards the development of a new therapeutic using amino acids, prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Maguire ◽  
Greg Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
System Function ◽  
Leaky Gut ◽  
Epithelial Proliferation ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Nervous System Function

Abstract Here we offer a review of the evidence for a hypothesis that a combination of ingestible probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and amino acids will help ameliorate dysbiosis and degeneration of the gut, and therefore promote restoration of nervous system function in a number of neurological indications.

scholarly journals Gut dysbiosis breaks immunological tolerance toward the central nervous system during young adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (44) ◽  
pp. E9318-E9327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhir K. Yadav ◽  
Sridhar Boppana ◽  
Naoko Ito ◽  
John E. Mindur ◽  
Martin T. Mathay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Cns Autoimmunity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Anaphylatoxin C3a

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease targeting the central nervous system (CNS) mainly in young adults, and a breakage of immune tolerance to CNS self-antigens has been suggested to initiate CNS autoimmunity. Age and microbial infection are well-known factors involved in the development of autoimmune diseases, including MS. Recent studies have suggested that alterations in the gut microbiota, referred to as dysbiosis, are associated with MS. However, it is still largely unknown how gut dysbiosis affects the onset and progression of CNS autoimmunity. In this study, we investigated the effects of age and gut dysbiosis on the development of CNS autoimmunity in humanized transgenic mice expressing the MS-associated MHC class II (MHC-II) gene, HLA-DR2a, and T-cell receptor (TCR) genes specific for MBP87-99/DR2a that were derived from an MS patient. We show here that the induction of gut dysbiosis triggers the development of spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) during adolescence and early young adulthood, while an increase in immunological tolerance with aging suppresses disease onset after late young adulthood in mice. Furthermore, gut dysbiosis induces the expression of complement C3 and production of the anaphylatoxin C3a, and down-regulates the expression of the Foxp3 gene and anergy-related E3 ubiquitin ligase genes. Consequently, gut dysbiosis was able to trigger the development of encephalitogenic T cells and promote the induction of EAE during the age window of young adulthood.

scholarly journals Spinal Cord Injury Changes the Structure and Functional Potential of Gut Bacterial and Viral Communities

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjie Du ◽  
Ahmed A. Zayed ◽  
Kristina A. Kigerl ◽  
Kylie Zane ◽  
Matthew B. Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Sympathetic Tone ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Cord Injury

ABSTRACT Emerging data indicate that gut dysbiosis contributes to many human diseases, including several comorbidities that develop after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). To date, all analyses of SCI-induced gut dysbiosis have used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. This technique has several limitations, including being susceptible to taxonomic “blind spots,” primer bias, and an inability to profile microbiota functions or identify viruses. Here, SCI-induced gut dysbiosis was assessed by applying genome- and gene-resolved metagenomic analysis of murine stool samples collected 21 days after an experimental SCI at the 4th thoracic spine (T4) or 10th thoracic spine (T10) spinal level. These distinct injuries partially (T10) or completely (T4) abolish sympathetic tone in the gut. Among bacteria, 105 medium- to high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were recovered, with most (n = 96) representing new bacterial species. Read mapping revealed that after SCI, the relative abundance of beneficial commensals (Lactobacillus johnsonii and CAG-1031 spp.) decreased, while potentially pathogenic bacteria (Weissella cibaria, Lactococcus lactis_A, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron) increased. Functionally, microbial genes encoding proteins for tryptophan, vitamin B6, and folate biosynthesis, essential pathways for central nervous system function, were reduced after SCI. Among viruses, 1,028 mostly novel viral populations were recovered, expanding known murine gut viral species sequence space ∼3-fold compared to that of public databases. Phages of beneficial commensal hosts (CAG-1031, Lactobacillus, and Turicibacter) decreased, while phages of pathogenic hosts (Weissella, Lactococcus, and class Clostridia) increased after SCI. Although the microbiomes and viromes were changed in all SCI mice, some of these changes varied as a function of spinal injury level, implicating loss of sympathetic tone as a mechanism underlying gut dysbiosis. IMPORTANCE To our knowledge, this is the first article to apply metagenomics to characterize changes in gut microbial population dynamics caused by a clinically relevant model of central nervous system (CNS) trauma. It also utilizes the most current approaches in genome-resolved metagenomics and viromics to maximize the biological inferences that can be made from these data. Overall, this article highlights the importance of autonomic nervous system regulation of a distal organ (gut) and its microbiome inhabitants after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). By providing information on taxonomy, function, and viruses, metagenomic data may better predict how SCI-induced gut dysbiosis influences systemic and neurological outcomes after SCI.

scholarly journals Opioid Prescribing in the Elderly: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Jassal ◽  
Greg Egan ◽  
Karen Dahri
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Opioid Use

Objective: To characterize the literature describing the therapeutic use of opioids in the elderly. Data Sources: Two electronic databases, EMBASE and MEDLINE, were searched from years 1990 to September 5, 2018. Relevant reference lists were reviewed. Searches were restricted to English language. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently screened 827 citations to identify observational studies, population-based cohort studies, retrospective analyses, and control trials looking at the management of persistent pain in patients aged ≥65 years and/or frail patients. Data Synthesis: Thirty-nine articles were included in the systematic review. More specifically, 17 observational studies, 7 population-based cohort studies, 10 retrospective analyses, and 4 controlled trials. The most common etiology of persistent pain was musculoskeletal (50%), and the most often adverse effects reported were central nervous system related (41%) and falls/fractures (39%). Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: As there is a lack of strong evidence-based recommendations for opioid use in the elderly, this review aims to evaluate opioid use in the elderly and compare their efficacy and safety among this population. Conclusions: Overall, central nervous system adverse effects were most commonly seen in the elderly. However, higher quality evidence is required to further appreciate the dose-related effects on efficacy and safety of opioids in the elderly.

Gut-Brain-Microbiota Axis and Hypertension: a literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Nam Kwon ◽  
Yong-Jae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Novel Targets ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure

: The gut and brain are linked via various bidirectional pathways, communicate with and affect each other. The interaction be-tween the gut-brain axis and the gut microbiota has attracted much attention in the development of hypertension. In this review, we have discussed the gut-brain-microbiota axis and its association with gut dysbiosis in terms of regulation of blood pressure using the autonomic nervous system, immune system, metabolites, hormones, and neurotransmitters. In addition, the treat-ments using microbiota that have been tried to date are briefly summarized. By understanding the mechanism by which gut-brain-microbiota regulates blood pressure, the novel targets for hypertension treatment or a new therapeutic approach us-ing the gut-brain-microbiota could be investigated.

Neurotropic enteroviruses co-opt “fair-weather-friend” commensal gut microbiota to drive host infection and central nervous system disturbances

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Abstract Some neurotropic enteroviruses hijack Trojan horse/raft commensal gut bacteria to render devastating biomimicking cryptic attacks on human/animal hosts. Such virus-microbe interactions manipulate hosts’ gut-brain axes with accompanying infection-cycle-optimizing central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, including severe neurodevelopmental, neuromotor, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Co-opted bacteria thus indirectly influence host health, development, behavior, and mind as possible “fair-weather-friend” symbionts, switching from commensal to context-dependent pathogen-like strategies benefiting gut-bacteria fitness.

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