scholarly journals How Often Have You Felt Disadvantaged? Explaining Perceived Discrimination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Diehl ◽  
Elisabeth Liebau ◽  
Peter Mühlau
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Ethnic Boundaries ◽  
Attributional Processes

AbstractBased on longitudinal data from Germany, we analyze how perceptions of discrimination change once migrants’ integration evolves. Individuals who identify more strongly with the host country, speak the language, have native friends, and are adequately employed report less discrimination overall. However, group-specific analyses reveal that German-born Turks feel more rather than less discriminated against after their language skills and their identification increase. For this group, we find evidence for the “integration paradox”, i.e., the finding that better educated migrants have more rather than less negative attitudes about the host society. Results suggest that attributional processes rather than rising exposure to discrimination might be the main mechanism linking integration to higher levels of perceived discrimination. Obviously, discrimination does not disappear for groups facing salient ethnic boundaries and is met with growing awareness and sensitivity among individuals that have become more similar to the majority of members. This, in turn, by no means implies that perceived discrimination is detached from reality.

scholarly journals News for assimilation or integration? Examining the functions of news in shaping acculturation experiences of immigrants in the Netherlands and Spain

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Alencar ◽  
Mark Deuze
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Host Country ◽  
News Media ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Focus Group Data ◽  
Refugee Immigrants

This study investigates the functions of news media in shaping acculturation experiences of new economic and refugee immigrants in the Netherlands and Spain. Focus group data revealed that consumption of host country news media was mainly connected to immigrants’ deliberate strategies to assimilate the culture, politics and language of the host society, while exposure to transnational news was viewed in terms of strategies of integration in both countries. We also observed that participants’ educational background and language skills combined with their perceptions of the host country’s news have an impact on the use they make of news for assimilating and/or integrating into the host society. Finally, important sociopolitical conditions of the context influenced the ways participants use the news media in their process of acculturation.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Education, and Attitudes of International Students to IELTS: A Case of Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-500
Author(s):  
Abe W Ata
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Language Test ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Testing Environment ◽  
Language Learning Motivation ◽  
International English

The main objective of this study is to determine the knowledge, education and attitudes of Chinese, Indian and Arab speaking students in Australia towards the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) test. A questionnaire was administered to 200 students at six university language centers to investigate their overall response towards the four components of the IELTS test i.e. listening, reading, writing, and speaking. It was hypothesized that having positive or negative attitudes toward a certain language can exert considerable effect on the learners’ performance on a language test. The effect of variables such as testing environment, test rubric, and broader demographic factors on attitudes of the three national groups were investigated. Significant differences were found on students’ misconceptions of language learning, motivation and the degree to which it may have hindered their progress in attaining language skills.

Immigrants’ First Names and Perceived Discrimination: A Contribution to Understanding the Integration Paradox

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Tuppat ◽  
Jürgen Gerhards
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Country Report ◽  
Frequent Contact ◽  
Immigrant Background

Abstract Many studies have shown that better-educated immigrants more frequently report perceived discrimination in the host country than less-educated immigrants. Two different explanations for this discrimination paradox, which is a subcase of the so-called integration paradox, are discussed in the literature. First, with increasing integration, immigrants’ sensitivity to discrimination processes changes. Second, more integrated immigrants are more exposed to discrimination as they have more frequent contact with the majority society, and thus, more actual opportunities for perceived discrimination. We argue that exposure is only effective if immigrants are recognizable as such. Besides other characteristics, first names serve as an indicator of immigrant background. We use respondents’ first name as an exogenous variation in exposure. By analyzing data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (N = 32,043), we show that (i) immigrants with first names considered uncommon in the host country report discrimination disproportionately frequently, (ii) the discrimination paradox is only evident if a name as a marker indicating ethnicity exists, and (iii) there is no such interaction between first name and education, if immigrants are recognizable by phenotypical markers.

Documenting and Explaining the Persistence of Homeland Politics among Germany's Turks

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nedim Ögelman
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Political Opportunity Structure ◽  
Political Opportunity ◽  
Opportunity Structure ◽  
Community Cohesion ◽  
Contextual Framework ◽  
Common Interests

This article examines the development of Germany's Turkish organizations since 1961. These have failed to mobilize Germany's Turks around shared ethnocultural grievances against the host society. A transnational political opportunity structure, a contextual framework involving host and sending countries, entices distinct actors leading Germany's Turkish organizations to focus on homeland differences instead of common interests. In this transnational context, actors – whom I will label political migrants — influence immigrant community cohesion by using associations to pursue goals rooted in the homeland or host country. When a sending country generates contentious political migrants in an ethnoculturally dissimilar, homogeneous democracy and the hosts fail to incorporate the foreigners, infighting focused on the homeland is likely to preoccupy the immigrant community.

scholarly journals Migrants' access to housing in Russia: evaluation methodology and results of the experimental study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Ksenija S. Grigor’eva ◽  
Anna A. Endryushko
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Results ◽  
Cis Countries

The authors consider one of the aspects of the socio-cultural integration of migrants into the host society. The integration of migrants is interpreted by a wide range of scientists as the process of including newly arrived in various spheres of life of the host society. Usually, there are three to four such spheres. Access of migrants to housing in the host country is an important indicator of integration in the socio-economic sphere. As a rule, in Russian and foreign studies, access to housing is assessed through a comparative analysis of the living conditions of migrants and the host population. However, access to housing and housing conditions are not exactly the same thing. Rather, access implies the potential for housing. To assess such a possibility, an experimental method that allows the researcher to test various hypotheses and control the variables of interest is more suitable than a mass survey or available statistical data. The article contributes to the methodology for studying migrants' access to housing in the host country. It proposes a new approach to its assessment and presents the first results of its approbation. In the course of the experiment carried out by the authors, the influence of the citizenship of potential tenants on access to high-quality and low-quality housing in Moscow was measured, as well as the willingness of landlords to register migrants on their property. Significant differences in the access of migrants from different CIS countries to renting Moscow accommodation were revealed. The most loyal attitude is towards Belarusians and Ukrainians, the least preferable are immigrants from Central Asia, especially citizens of Tajikistan. In addition, it was found that all groups of migrants are seriously limited in their ability to obtain a valid migration registration due to the unwillingness of the owners of residential premises to fulfil their obligations to “register” foreign tenants. This obviously impedes their integration in the political and legal sphere of the host society, since a foreign citizen in the Russian Federation without a genuine document on migration registration, even with all other permits, is a person with an unregulated legal status.

scholarly journals Gender and the Role of Emotional Regulation in Intercultural Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Vilar Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Female Migrants

This article addresses the question as to why female migrants are more negatively affected than male migrants when confronted with unfamiliar traits in communication in the host country, but they are nevertheless more willing to adapt to the foreign style of communication. To answer this question, the different management of emotional regulation (Thayer et al. 2003) by both genders was investigated. A broad survey conducted among Spanish migrants in Germany led to the conclusion that the female migrants actually perceive the investigated traits more frequently and are also more negatively affected by them. But, in comparison to the males, they have an increased ability to recognize and understand their emotions although they also display an increased tendency to ruminate. However, most of the women counteracted this tendency with a heightened ability to regulate their emotions through antirumination emotional repair strategies. According to the data, this abilityseems to lead to a greater willingness to understand the views of the natives and thus possibly to being more disposed to integrate into the host society.

scholarly journals Situational ethnicity and identity negotiation: “indifference” as an identity negotiation mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhumita Banerjee ◽  
Paurav Shukla ◽  
Nicholas J. Ashill
Keyword(s):  
Population Study ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Identity Negotiation ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Negotiation Mechanism

PurposeWhile the literature on migration highlights the reshaping of host and immigrant population in countries, there is a paucity of research in marketing investigating the evolving dynamics for acculturation. The purpose of this study is to further the understanding of the emerging phenomenon of acculturation and identity negotiation.Design/methodology/approachThree experiments examined situational ethnicity, self-construal and identity negotiation in home and host culture work and social settings. Study 1 and Study 2 were conducted in the United Kingdom (UK), where the host country is the majority population. Study 3 was conducted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where the host country is the minority population. Study 4 utilized qualitative interviews in both countries.FindingsResults from all four studies show that ethnic consumers deploy “indifference” as an identity negotiation mechanism when the host society is the majority population (UK) and when the host society has the minority population (UAE).Originality/valueThe authors offer new insights into identity negotiation by ethnic consumers when the host society is the majority population as well as the minority population. “Indifference”, i.e. preferring to neither fit in nor stand out as an identity negotiation mechanism, is deployed in work and social settings of home and host societies. The authors also advance the existing literature on acculturation by examining whether independent and interdependent self-construal influence identity negotiation.

Return Migration of Ethnic Turkish Youth to Turkish Universities

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1133-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birsen Şahin KÜTÜK ◽  
NurtaÇ ErgÜn ◽  
Sevgi Çoban ◽  
Gonca GÖkalp Alpaslan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Education System ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Migration Decision ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Turkish Youth ◽  
Practical Implications

We examined the return migration of ethnic Turkish youth who were living in European countries to universities in Turkey. We conducted semistructured interviews with 27 students who had come to Turkey from Western European countries to attend university. We found that the education system of the host country was more difficult for participants than Turkey’s education system. Cultural capital, which includes parental higher education expectations, ethnic native and host country language skills, and ethnic culture, affected participants’ return migration decision making. Social capital, involving previous visits to see relatives in Turkey, also affected this decision. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

High Selection, Low Success: The Heterogeneous Effect of Migrants’ Access to Employment on Their Remigration

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1104-1133
Author(s):  
Louise Caron ◽  
Mathieu Ichou
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
High Selection ◽  
Heterogeneous Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Initial Selection

This article reconciles contrasting findings on the effect of access to employment on remigration by showing that this effect is actually heterogeneous and depends on migrants’ initial educational selection from the origin country. Combining longitudinal data from England and Wales (1971–2011) with data on educational attainment distributions in migrants’ origin countries, we find that the impact of being out of a job (unemployed or inactive) on the probability to remigrate is larger among migrants who were initially more positively selected in terms of educational attainment. This interaction effect appears stronger for male and recent migrants. Thus, in addition to migrants’ access to employment in the host country, the mismatch between migrants’ initial selection — that partly captures their premigration expectations — and their employment status at destination helps explain remigration behaviors.

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