Coulomb stress and gravity changes associated with the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake, New Zealand: Application for aftershock triggering and fault interaction process analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-527
Author(s):  
Abubakr Hassan ◽  
Ding-fa Huang ◽  
Zhong-shan Jiang ◽  
Lu-peng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Interaction Process ◽  
Coulomb Stress ◽  
Fault Interaction ◽  
Gravity Changes ◽  
Kaikoura Earthquake

Interaction process analysis.

1950 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-235
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
Process Analysis ◽  
Interaction Process

scholarly journals The Relational Newsroom: An Appreciative Inquiry into how Leadership Empowers Learning in Newsrooms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Bernard Whelan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Appreciative Inquiry ◽  
News Media ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Interaction Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Personal Leadership

<p>The field of journalism in New Zealand has gone through significant changes in the last few years, with the onset of digital technologies, their impact on the funding of journalism and on readership, and in turn on the way journalism is performed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand how leadership empowers learning in newsrooms and, in turn, contributes to the training and development of journalists. The intent here is to contribute to the constantly evolving field of journalism as it deals with the digital changes driving what is arguably the most concentrated period of change in its history. Appreciative Inquiry (AI) has typically been used in organisations to manifest positive change for people. However, for this study I have creatively adapted and applied the Appreciative Inquiry framework to situate qualitative research methods inside three newsrooms in New Zealand. Focus groups in each newsroom were comprised of individuals from different hierarchical levels of the workplace. As the lead researcher I led the groups who operated as co-researchers following the AI process of four phases comprising Discover, Dream, Design and Destiny seeking to understand how leadership empowers learning in newsrooms. The findings were initially drawn from an analysis of the themes which arose in the discussions. From the findings I use AI theory and adapt the AI process to propose a Relational Newsroom framework for use in newsrooms. By embedding newsroom groups constantly using the 4-D cycle of AI and involving the public in live interaction process with newsroom decision-making, the framework would generate practices of communication, trust, personal leadership and structure identified in the findings. This study concludes with proposals in the form of action statements for use in both news media and journalism school newsrooms to have journalists engaged and involved in creating the future of the field.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis by Using Roter Method of Interaction Process Analysis (RIAS) of the Ability of Pharmacy Students to Communicate after Clinical Training for Pharmacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
pp. 1579-1586
Author(s):  
Yoh Takekuma ◽  
Ayako Mori ◽  
Masaki Kobayashi ◽  
Yuma Yamada ◽  
Yuki Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Training ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Interaction Process ◽  
Pharmacy Students

scholarly journals Using a calibrated upper living position of marine biota to calculate coseismic uplift: a case study of the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake, New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-366
Author(s):  
Catherine Reid ◽  
John Begg ◽  
Vasiliki Mouslopoulou ◽  
Onno Oncken ◽  
Andrew Nicol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Tectonic Uplift ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
Kaikoura Earthquake

Abstract. The 2016 Mw=7.8 Kaikōura earthquake (South Island, New Zealand) caused widespread complex ground deformation, including significant coastal uplift of rocky shorelines. This coastal deformation is used here to develop a new methodology, in which the upper living limits of intertidal marine biota have been calibrated against tide-gauge records to quantitatively constrain pre-deformation biota living position relative to sea level. This living position is then applied to measure coseismic uplift at three other locations along the Kaikōura coast. We then assess how coseismic uplift derived using this calibrated biological method compares to that measured using other methods, such as light detection and ranging (lidar) and strong-motion data, as well as non-calibrated biological methods at the same localities. The results show that where biological data are collected by a real-time kinematic (RTK) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) in sheltered locations, this new tide-gauge calibration method estimates tectonic uplift with an accuracy of ±≤0.07 m in the vicinity of the tide gauge and an overall mean accuracy of ±0.10 m or 10 % compared to differential lidar methods for all locations. Sites exposed to high wave wash, or data collected by tape measure, are more likely to show higher uplift results. Tectonic uplift estimates derived using predictive tidal charts produce overall higher uplift estimates in comparison to tide-gauge-calibrated and instrumental methods, with mean uplift results 0.21 m or 20 % higher than lidar results. This low-tech methodology can, however, produce uplift results that are broadly consistent with instrumental methodologies and may be applied with confidence in remote locations where lidar or local tide-gauge measurements are not available.

scholarly journals Triple junction kinematics accounts for the 2016 Mw7.8 Kaikoura earthquake rupture complexity

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (52) ◽  
pp. 26367-26375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhua Shi ◽  
Paul Tapponnier ◽  
Teng Wang ◽  
Shengji Wei ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Triple Junction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Plate Motion ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Coseismic Deformation ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Slab Geometry ◽  
Kaikoura Earthquake

The 2016, moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8, Kaikoura earthquake generated the most complex surface ruptures ever observed. Although likely linked with kinematic changes in central New Zealand, the driving mechanisms of such complexity remain unclear. Here, we propose an interpretation accounting for the most puzzling aspects of the 2016 rupture. We examine the partitioning of plate motion and coseismic slip during the 2016 event in and around Kaikoura and the large-scale fault kinematics, volcanism, seismicity, and slab geometry in the broader Tonga–Kermadec region. We find that the plate motion partitioning near Kaikoura is comparable to the coseismic partitioning between strike-slip motion on the Kekerengu fault and subperpendicular thrusting along the offshore West–Hikurangi megathrust. Together with measured slip rates and paleoseismological results along the Hope, Kekerengu, and Wairarapa faults, this observation suggests that the West–Hikurangi thrust and Kekerengu faults bound the southernmost tip of the Tonga–Kermadec sliver plate. The narrow region, around Kaikoura, where the 3 fastest-slipping faults of New Zealand meet, thus hosts a fault–fault–trench (FFT) triple junction, which accounts for the particularly convoluted 2016 coseismic deformation. That triple junction appears to have migrated southward since the birth of the sliver plate (around 5 to 7 million years ago). This likely drove southward stepping of strike-slip shear within the Marlborough fault system and propagation of volcanism in the North Island. Hence, on a multimillennial time scale, the apparently distributed faulting across southern New Zealand may reflect classic plate-tectonic triple-junction migration rather than diffuse deformation of the continental lithosphere.

scholarly journals Coulomb stress transfer and fault interaction over millennia on non-planar active normal faults: the Mw 6.5–5.0 seismic sequence of 2016–2017, central Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 210 (2) ◽  
pp. 1206-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe K. Mildon ◽  
Gerald P. Roberts ◽  
Joanna P. Faure Walker ◽  
Francesco Iezzi
Keyword(s):  
Main Shock ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Stress Transfer ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Coulomb Stress ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
Fault Interaction ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Stress Changes

Abstract In order to investigate the importance of including strike-variable geometry and the knowledge of historical and palaeoseismic earthquakes when modelling static Coulomb stress transfer and rupture propagation, we have examined the August–October 2016 A.D. and January 2017 A.D. central Apennines seismic sequence (Mw 6.0, 5.9, 6.5 in 2016 A.D. (INGV) and Mw 5.1, 5.5, 5.4, 5.0 in 2017 A.D. (INGV)). We model both the coseismic loading (from historical and palaeoseismic earthquakes) and interseismic loading (derived from Holocene fault slip-rates) using strike-variable fault geometries constrained by fieldwork. The inclusion of the elapsed times from available historical and palaeoseismological earthquakes and on faults enables us to calculate the stress on the faults prior to the beginning of the seismic sequence. We take account the 1316–4155 yr elapsed time on the Mt. Vettore fault (that ruptured during the 2016 A.D. seismic sequence) implied by palaeoseismology, and the 377 and 313 yr elapsed times on the neighbouring Laga and Norcia faults respectively, indicated by the historical record. The stress changes through time are summed to show the state of stress on the Mt. Vettore, Laga and surrounding faults prior to and during the 2016–2017 A.D. sequence. We show that the build up of stress prior to 2016 A.D. on strike-variable fault geometries generated stress heterogeneities that correlate with the limits of the main-shock ruptures. Hence, we suggest that stress barriers appear to have control on the propagation and therefore the magnitudes of the main-shock ruptures.

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