scholarly journals Idiopathic Fetal Growth Restriction: Repercussion of Modulation in Oxidative Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Nilesh Chandra ◽  
Mohit Mehndiratta ◽  
B. D. Banerjee ◽  
K. Guleria ◽  
A. K. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction

scholarly journals Effects of antenatal melatonin therapy on lung structure in growth-restricted newborn lambs

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1195-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme R. Polglase ◽  
Jade Barbuto ◽  
Beth J. Allison ◽  
Tamara Yawno ◽  
Amy E. Sutherland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Respiratory Dysfunction ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Lung Structure

Oxidative stress arising from suboptimal placental function contributes to a multitude of pathologies in infants compromised by fetal growth restriction (FGR). FGR infants are at high risk for respiratory dysfunction after birth and poor long-term lung function. Our objective was to investigate the contribution of oxidative stress to adverse lung development and the effects of melatonin administration, a powerful antioxidant, on lung structure in FGR lambs. Placental insufficiency and FGR was surgically induced in 13 fetal sheep at ∼105 days of gestation by ligation of a single umbilical artery. Maternal intravenous melatonin infusion was commenced in seven of the ewes 4 h after surgery and continued until birth. Lambs delivered normally at term and lungs were collected 24 h after birth for histological assessment of lung structure and injury and compared with appropriately grown control lambs ( n = 8). FGR fetuses were hypoxic and had lower glucose during gestation compared with controls. Melatonin administration prevented chronic hypoxia. Within the lung, FGR caused reduced secondary septal crest density and altered elastin deposition compared with controls. Melatonin administration had no effect on the changes to lung structure induced by FGR. We conclude that chronic FGR disrupts septation of the developing alveoli, which is not altered by melatonin administration. These findings suggest that oxidative stress is not the mechanism driving altered lung structure in FGR neonates. Melatonin administration did not prevent disrupted airway development but also had no apparent adverse effects on fetal lung development. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Fetal growth restriction (FGR) results in poor respiratory outcomes, which may be caused by oxidation in utero. We investigated the contribution of oxidative stress to adverse lung development and the effects of melatonin administration, a powerful antioxidant, on lung structure in FGR lambs. FGR disrupted septation of the developing alveoli, which is not altered by melatonin administration. Oxidative stress may not be the mechanism driving altered lung structure in FGR neonates.

scholarly journals Effect of Endogenic and Exogenic Oxidative Stress Triggers on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preterm Birth

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10122
Author(s):  
Eun Hui Joo ◽  
Young Ran Kim ◽  
Nari Kim ◽  
Jae Eun Jung ◽  
Seon Ha Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify them. During a normal pregnancy, oxidative stress increases the normal systemic inflammatory response and is usually well-controlled by the balanced body mechanism of the detoxification of anti-oxidative products. However, pregnancy is also a condition in which this adaptation and balance can be easily disrupted. Excessive ROS is detrimental and associated with many pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preterm birth (PTB), by damaging placentation. The placenta is a tissue rich in mitochondria that produces the majority of ROS, so it is important to maintain normal placental function and properly develop its vascular network to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy. Antioxidants may ameliorate these diseases, and related research is progressing. This review aimed to determine the association between oxidative stress and adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially PE, FGR, GDM, and PTB, and explore how to overcome this oxidative stress in these unfavorable conditions.

scholarly journals The role of melatonin in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Fantasia ◽  
Sofia Bussolaro ◽  
Tamara Stampalija ◽  
Daniel Rolnik
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Qualitative Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Melatonin Administration

Background: Pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency are characterised by increased oxidative stress. It has been suggested that melatonin has antioxidant properties and contributes to the maintenance of placental homeostasis. Objective: To systematically review the available literature about melatonin in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency, specifically preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, exploring three different aspects: 1) maternal melatonin levels; 2) expression and activity of melatonin placental receptors; 3) effects of maternal melatonin administration. Search strategy: PubMed (Medline) and Scopus were searched until December 2020. Selection criteria: Published literature in English language describing the role of melatonin in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency, with a specific focus on preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Data collection and analysis: Identified studies were screened and assessed independently by two authors. Data were extracted and compiled in a qualitative evidence synthesis. Main results: Pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency show a significant reduction in maternal systemic serum melatonin levels and a significant reduction in the expression of placental melatonin receptors. Melatonin administration in pregnancy seems safe and may reduce oxidative stress. Conclusion: The circadian pattern of melatonin secretion seems to be altered in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency. This is reflected by lower production of melatonin, with consequent lower systemic and placental concentrations, and lower expression of melatonin receptors, thus reducing the local release of the indole and its autocrine function. Funding: None Keywords: Melatonin, Preeclampsia, Fetal growth restriction, Placental insufficiency, Review.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in the fetus of preeclamptic women with fetal growth restriction

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Kazushi Watanabe ◽  
Ai Iwasaki ◽  
Toshitaka Mori ◽  
Chiharu Kimura ◽  
Hiroshi Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction

The expression profile of placental microRNAs as regulators of oxidative stress in fetal growth restriction

2019 ◽  
Vol 1_2019 ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gusar V.A. Gusar ◽  
Timofeeva A.V. Timofeeva ◽  
Kan N.E. Kan ◽  
Chagovets V.V. Chagovets ◽  
Ganichkina M.B. Ganichkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction

scholarly journals The Role of NFκB in Healthy and Preeclamptic Placenta: Trophoblasts in the Spotlight

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke Armistead ◽  
Leena Kadam ◽  
Sascha Drewlo ◽  
Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Critical Organ ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The NFκB protein family regulates numerous pathways within the cell—including inflammation, hypoxia, angiogenesis and oxidative stress—all of which are implicated in placental development. The placenta is a critical organ that develops during pregnancy that primarily functions to supply and transport the nutrients required for fetal growth and development. Abnormal placental development can be observed in numerous disorders during pregnancy, including fetal growth restriction, miscarriage, and preeclampsia (PE). NFκB is highly expressed in the placentas of women with PE, however its contributions to the syndrome are not fully understood. In this review we discuss the molecular actions and related pathways of NFκB in the placenta and highlight areas of research that need attention

scholarly journals DAAM2 is elevated in the circulation and placenta in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction and is regulated by hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha de Alwis ◽  
Sally Beard ◽  
Natalie K. Binder ◽  
Natasha Pritchard ◽  
Tu’uhevaha J. Kaitu’u-Lino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractPreviously, we identified increased maternal circulating DAAM2 mRNA in pregnancies complicated by preterm fetal growth restriction (FGR). Here, we assessed whether circulating DAAM2 mRNA could detect FGR, and whether the DAAM2 gene, known to play roles in the Wnt signalling pathway is expressed in human placenta and associated with dysfunction and FGR. We performed linear regression analysis to calculate area under the ROC curve (AUC) for DAAM2 mRNA expression in the maternal circulation of pregnancies complicated by preterm FGR. DAAM2 mRNA expression was assessed across gestation by qPCR. DAAM2 protein and mRNA expression was assessed in preterm FGR placenta using western blot and qPCR. DAAM2 expression was assessed in term cytotrophoblasts and placental explant tissue cultured under hypoxic and normoxic conditions by qPCR. Small interfering RNAs were used to silence DAAM2 in term primary cytotrophoblasts. Expression of growth, apoptosis and oxidative stress genes were assessed by qPCR. Circulating DAAM2 mRNA was elevated in pregnancies complicated by preterm FGR [p < 0.0001, AUC = 0.83 (0.78–0.89)]. Placental DAAM2 mRNA was detectable across gestation, with highest expression at term. DAAM2 protein was increased in preterm FGR placentas but demonstrated no change in mRNA expression. DAAM2 mRNA expression was increased in cytotrophoblasts and placental explants under hypoxia. Silencing DAAM2 under hypoxia decreased expression of pro-survival gene, BCL2 and oxidative stress marker, NOX4, whilst increasing expression of antioxidant enzyme, HMOX-1. The increased DAAM2 associated with FGR and hypoxia implicates a potential role in placental dysfunction. Decreasing DAAM2 may have cytoprotective effects, but further research is required to elucidate its role in healthy and dysfunctional placentas.

Abstract 349: Fetal Growth Restriction Is A Risk Of Vascular Remodeling

Hypertension ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Chisaka ◽  
Masaki Mogi ◽  
Hirotomo Nakaoka ◽  
Masataka Kukita ◽  
Harumi Kanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Neointima Formation ◽  
Injured Artery

Objects: A number of studies suggest that fetal growth restriction (FGR) promotes a risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. However, it has not been well assessed whether FGR would be involved in the exaggeration of vascular remodeling. We investigated the effect of FGR on inflammatory vascular remodeling using cuff- induced vascular injury mouse model. Methods: Dams (C57BL/6J strain mice) were fed with an isocaloric diet containing 20% protein (normal protein; NP) or 8% protein (low protein; LP) from 10 weeks of ages. At the day of delivery, all dams were returned to the NP diet. After weaning, offspring were fed with the NP diet. Vascular injury was induced by polyethylene cuff placement around the femoral artery in offspring at 10 weeks of age. Neointima formation was evaluated by Elastica van Gieson staining 2 weeks after cuff placement. We assessed the following parameters in the femoral arteries prepared one week after cuff placement. Inflammatory cytokine and NADPH oxidase subunit were assessed by RT-PCR. Superoxide anion production, cell proliferation were evaluated by dihydroethidium staining, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining respectively. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) phosphorylation were evaluated by immunoblot analysis. Results: Birth weight was significantly lower in LP offspring (LPO) compared with NP offspring (NPO); however, LPO showed a similar body weight compared with NPO at 10 weeks of ages. Blood pressure at 12 weeks of age in LPO did not differ from NPO. Neointima formation was more exaggerated in LPO than NPO with enhanced oxidative stress and PCNA index in the injured artery. Expressions of MCP-1, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in the femoral artery were more enhanced in LPO. Moreover, expressions of NADPH oxidase subunits, such as p22phox, p40phox, p47phox, p67phox, gp91phpx, Nox4 and Rac1 in the injured artery were enhanced in LPO than NPO. The phosphorylation level of p38MAPK was more increased in LPO than NPO. Conclusion: FGR led to the enhanced vascular remodeling via enhancement of stress responses such as inflammation and oxidative stress. These results suggest that FGR is a risk of vascular remodeling in the later life after birth.

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