Interactive Influences of Gender Identity and Gender Typing on Early Adolescents’ Well-Being

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Menon ◽  
Kirsten Schellhorn ◽  
Catherine A. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gender Typing ◽  
And Gender

Age and Gender Differences in Perceived Parenting Styles and Emotional Outcomes in Early Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110513
Author(s):  
Beatriz Ortega ◽  
Alonso Mateo ◽  
María V. Jimeno ◽  
Jorge J. Ricarte
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Emotional Outcomes ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Mental Well Being

Early adolescents’ perception of parenting styles is crucial to their present and future physical and mental well-being. The main aim of the present study was to analyze differences in parenting styles between mothers and fathers and differences on emotional state scales (anxiety, depression, and purpose in life) depending on gender, age, and family structure in 744 girls (54%) and boys (45.7%) aged between 10 and 12 years. The results showed that the early adolescents perceived greater levels of affect than criticism, with mothers being considered more affectionate than fathers. The greater the perceived affect and communication, the greater was the perception of purpose in life and the lower the levels of anxiety and depression in early adolescents. Boys showed higher levels of perceived criticism and rejection. Family affect and communication play a key role in purpose in life and emotional well-being of children, with parenting styles being a determining factor.

scholarly journals A Mixed-Methods Examination of the Unique Associations of Gender-Sexuality Alliance Involvement and Family Support on Bravery in Sexual and Gender Minority Youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 074355842093322
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Ceccolini ◽  
V. Paul Poteat ◽  
Jerel P. Calzo ◽  
Hirokazu Yoshikawa ◽  
Kasey Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Minority Youth ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Heterosexual Youth

Research among sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth has suggested associations between Gender-Sexuality Alliance (GSA) involvement and better health. Emergent research has similarly demonstrated associations between family support and general well-being among SGM youth. However, the trait of bravery has received little attention in this literature, despite its relevance for youth in marginalized positions. We examined the association between level of GSA involvement, family support, and bravery among GSA members ( n = 295; Mage = 16.07), and whether those associations differed based on sexual orientation or gender identity. We then conducted one-on-one interviews with SGM youth ( n = 10), to understand how they understood bravery and experienced support in both GSA and family contexts. Greater GSA involvement significantly predicted greater bravery for all youth, whereas greater family support predicted greater bravery only for heterosexual youth. No significant moderation was found for gender minority youth. Our qualitative findings clarified how SGM youth conceptualized bravery and how they experienced it within their GSA and family settings. GSAs were associated with more frequent displays of explicit support for SGM identity, while families were perceived as providing less explicit support.

scholarly journals Life under COVID-19 for LGBT+ people in the UK: systematic review of UK research on the impact of COVID-19 on sexual and gender minority populations

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e050092
Author(s):  
Victoria J McGowan ◽  
Hayley J Lowther ◽  
Catherine Meads
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

ObjectiveTo systematically review all published and unpublished evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and well-being of UK sexual and gender minority (LGBT+; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, non-binary, intersex and queer) people.MethodsAny relevant studies with or without comparator were included, with outcomes of: COVID-19 incidence, hospitalisation rates, illness severity, death rates, other health and well-being. Six databases (platforms) were searched—CINAHL Plus (Ovid), Cochrane Central (Cochrane Library), Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Science Citation Index (Web of Science) and Scopus between 2019 and 2020 in December 2020, using synonyms for sexual and gender minorities and COVID-19 search terms. Data extraction and quality assessment (using the relevant Joanna Briggs checklist) were in duplicate with differences resolved through discussion. Results were tabulated and synthesis was through narrative description.ResultsNo published research was found on any outcomes. Eleven grey literature reports found to be of low quality were included, mostly conducted by small LGBT+ charities. Only four had heterosexual/cisgender comparators. Mental health and well-being, health behaviours, safety, social connectedness and access to routine healthcare all showed poorer or worse outcomes than comparators.ConclusionsLack of research gives significant concern, given pre-existing health inequities. Social and structural factors may have contributed to poorer outcomes (mental health, well-being and access to healthcare). Paucity of evidence is driven by lack of routinely collected sexual orientation and gender identity data, possibly resulting from institutional homophobia/transphobia which needs to be addressed. Men are more at risk of serious illness from COVID-19 than women, so using data from trans women and men might have started to answer questions around whether higher rates were due to sex hormone or chromosomal effects. Routine data collection on sexual orientation and gender identity is required to examine the extent to which COVID-19 is widening pre-existing health inequalities.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020224304.

scholarly journals Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Gender Expression-Based Violence in Catalan Universities: Qualitative Findings from University Students and Staff

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Maria Gallardo Nieto ◽  
Aitor Gómez González ◽  
Regina Gairal-Casadó ◽  
Maria del Mar Ramis Salas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Gender Expression ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Gender

Abstract BackgroundHate crimes have raised in Spain and the gender and sexuality-based conflict persist worldwide which leads to this problem having an effect on health and wellbeing. Following a focus of transforming Higher Education Institutions (HEI), this research focusses on analysing how this problem affects undergraduate students in six Spanish universities. The goal of this study is to improve the quality of life of LGBTQI+ University students, breaking the silence that exists about the violence that this group suffer in Catalonia, Spain.MethodsFollowing the Communicative Methodology, this study has identified violence based on sexual orientation, gender identity or expression in the target universities and provided guidelines to improve anti-discrimination protocols. A qualitative method has reached experiences of university students, heads of equality commissions, professors and administrative staff regarding this conflict. Focussing on the qualitative research tools, 30 half-structured interviews were conducted with university students, staff and professors around issues related to LGBTQI-phobic violence: 1) perception of violence and discrimination, 2) institutional measures, 3) actions against violence. An analysis of exclusionary and transformative dimensions was used to identify emergent themes. ResultsWe have identified two dimensions for the analysis: exclusionary -those that maintain the problem-, and transformative, -those that contribute to transform the problem of LGBTQI-phobia-. On the one hand, exclusionary facts have been described by participants in the study as a wide range of forms of violence against the LGBTQI+ community perpetrated at university, mainly verbal and psychological. Moreover, equality commissions have not received reports of LGBTQI-phobic violence, and university staff and professors show certain unfamiliarity regarding measures and politics to prevent and intervene in cases of violence on the grounds of sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression. On the other hand, in the study of variables that contribute to overcoming this conflict, actions of LGBTQI groups against violence and the professors’ commitment to intervene show relevant changes in student’s wellbeing. An improvement and implementation of anti-discrimination protocols with mandatory measures has also been documented.ConclusionsFindings highlight the need for evidence that contributes to the improvement of protocols, measures and politics to protect the LGBTQI community at university. A better understanding of violence based on sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression in HEI’s may guide national and international governments to improve the LGBTQI collectives’ health and well-being. This study provides relevant information regarding this pressing challenge and presents an important impact achieved contributing to the improvement of the quality of life of the LGBTQI+ community.Trial registrationNot applicable

scholarly journals Identity-Related Factors Protect Well-Being Against Stigma for Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming People

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Matthew Doyle ◽  
Christopher T. Begeny ◽  
Manuela Barreto ◽  
Thomas A. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Individual Self

AbstractRelatively little is known about identity-related resilience factors associated with well-being among transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) people. Drawing upon theory on stigma-related stress and resilience and work examining group identification as a buffer against discrimination, the aim of the current study was to model perceived discrimination, transgender identification, and gender identity affirmation as predictors of well-being for TGNC people. We also tested whether the positive association between gender identity affirmation and well-being might be explained by the benefits affirmation has for individual self-concept clarity. Participants were 105 TGNC individuals (42% transgender male, 39% transgender female, 19% other gender non-conforming [e.g., non-binary]) recruited through online forums and support groups in the UK and North America who completed an online survey including self-report measures of key constructs. Results from structural equation models demonstrated that: (1) experiences of discrimination were associated with lower well-being overall, but having a stronger transgender identity moderated this association; (2) after adjustment for discrimination and transgender identification, experiences of gender identity affirmation were independently associated with greater well-being for TGNC people. Secondary analyses demonstrated that gender identity affirmation was linked to well-being through reinforcing a strong, internalized sense of clarity about individual self-concept. Results are discussed in terms of the implications for TGNC health and well-being, particularly with regard to the need for supportive, identity-affirming social environments.

scholarly journals Sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression-based violence in Catalan universities: qualitative findings from university students and staff

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena María Gallardo-Nieto ◽  
Aitor Gómez ◽  
Regina Gairal-Casadó ◽  
María del Mar Ramis-Salas
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Gender Expression ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Hate crimes have raised in Spain and the gender and sexuality-based conflicts persist worldwide which leads to this problem having an effect on health and wellbeing. Following a focus of transforming Higher Education Institutions, this research analysed the problem that affects undergraduate students in six Spanish universities. The research goal is to improve the life quality of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex university students, breaking the silence that exists around the violence that this group suffer in Catalonia, Spain. Methods Following the Communicative Methodology, this study has identified violence based on sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression in the target universities and provided guidelines to improve anti-discrimination protocols. A qualitative method has reached experiences of university students, heads of equality commissions, professors and administrative staff regarding this conflict. Focussing on the qualitative research tools, 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted with university students and staff around issues related to the violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual transgender, queer and intersex students: 1) perception of violence and discrimination, 2) institutional measures, 3) actions against violence. An analysis of exclusionary and transformative dimensions was used to identify emergent themes. Results We have identified two dimensions for the analysis given their impact in contributing or overcoming violence: exclusionary and transformative. A wide range of forms of violence on the grounds of sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression perpetrated at universities have been identified as exclusionary facts and described by participants in the study. Equality commissions have not received reports of violence based on sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression, and university staff shows certain unfamiliarity regarding the measures and politics to prevent and intervene in cases of violence against the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex community. Among the results identified as transformative are the ways through which actions of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex groups against violence and the professors’ commitment to intervene have a relevant impact on student’s wellbeing. An improvement and implementation of anti-discrimination protocols with mandatory applicability has also been documented. Conclusions Findings highlight the need of collecting more evidence that contributes to the improvement of protocols, measures and politics to protect all the members of the university community. A better understanding of violence based on sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression in HEI’s may guide national and international governments to improve the health and well-being of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex persons.

Enumerated U.S. State Laws

2016 ◽  
pp. 255-271
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Russell ◽  
Stacey S. Horn ◽  
Raymond L. Moody ◽  
Amanda Fields ◽  
Elizabeth Tilley
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Advocacy ◽  
Fiscal Impact ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Organization Strategy ◽  
And Gender

There is strong recent evidence that enumerated anti-bullying and nondiscrimination policies are an important foundation for promoting school policies that support the well-being of LGBTQ and all students. To understand factors associated with the passage of US state laws that included sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) in status enumeration, the authors conducted interviews with 33 key informants who were involved in policy advocacy in states with different policy enumeration outcomes. In addition to questions about strategies used in policy advocacy, results illuminate specific effective strategies and the conditions for successful SOGI policy advocacy. Key themes related to SOGI policy advocacy across the states under consideration included the relevance and response to a state’s distinct legislative climate and history, avoidance of fiscal impact of proposed legislation, coordinated and consistent communication and messaging, and the relevance of distinct approaches to the organization, strategy, and leadership for policy advocacy.

scholarly journals Measuring Satisfaction and Comfort with Gender Identity and Gender Expression among Transgender Women: Development and Validation of the Psychological Gender Affirmation Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3298
Author(s):  
Jae M. Sevelius ◽  
Deepalika Chakravarty ◽  
Samantha E. Dilworth ◽  
Greg Rebchook ◽  
Torsten B. Neilands
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Gender Expression ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Gender Affirmation ◽  
Psychological Gender ◽  
And Gender

Among transgender and gender diverse people, psychological gender affirmation is an internal sense of valuing oneself as a transgender or gender diverse person, being comfortable with one’s gender identity, and feeling satisfied with one’s body and gender expression. Gender affirmation can reduce gender dysphoria and mitigate deleterious health effects of marginalization. We sought to create an instrument to measure psychological gender affirmation among transgender women. Following initial item development using qualitative interviews, we used self-administered survey data from two distinct samples (N1 = 278; N2 = 368) of transgender women living with HIV in the USA. We used data from Study 1 to perform exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and data from Study 2 to perform confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), yielding the five-item single-factor Psychological Gender Affirmation (PGA) scale with high reliability (α = 0.88). This scale is psychometrically sound as demonstrated by its convergent and discriminant validity via correlations with select measures and by its predictive validity through associations in hypothesized directions with measures of mental health and substance use. The PGA scale will aid research on psychological gender affirmation that can in turn inform interventions as well as gender-affirming clinical and social practices to promote the health and well-being of transgender and gender diverse people.

scholarly journals Promoting School Safety for LGBTQ and All Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Russell ◽  
Meg D. Bishop ◽  
Victoria C. Saba ◽  
Isaac James ◽  
Salvatore Ioverno
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
School Climate ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
School Safety ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Experiences ◽  
Multiple Audiences ◽  
Lgbtq Students ◽  
And Gender

Schools are often unsafe for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) students; they frequently experience negative or hostile school climates, including bullying and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity at school. Negative school climates and discriminatory experiences can threaten LGBTQ students’ well-being. Simultaneously, a consistent body of research identifies strategies to support LGBTQ and all students to be safe and thrive at school. First, policies that specifically identify or enumerate protected groups such as LGBTQ students create supportive contexts for all youth. Second, professional development prepares educators and other school personnel with tools to support and protect all students. Third, access to information and support related to sexual orientation and gender identity or expression (SOGIE), including curricula that is SOGIE-inclusive, provides students with resources, support, and inclusion, creating school climate. Fourth, the presence of student-led clubs or organizations such as gender-sexuality alliances (i.e., GSAs) improve students’ school experiences and well-being, and contribute to positive school climate. This article reviews the research foundations of each of these strategies and concludes with recommendations for multiple audiences: policymakers, school personnel, parents, and students.

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