scholarly journals Recent increase in European forest harvests as based on area estimates (Ceccherini et al. 2020a) not confirmed in the French case

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Picard ◽  
Jean-Michel Leban ◽  
Jean-Marc Guehl ◽  
Erwin Dreyer ◽  
Olivier Bouriaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Abrupt Increase ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Recent Increase ◽  
French Case ◽  
Wood Harvest ◽  
European Forest ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract • Key message A recent paper by Ceccherini et al.(2020a) reported an abrupt increase of 30% in the French harvested forest area in 2016–2018 compared to 2004–2015. A re-analysis of their data rather led us to conclude that, when accounting for the singular effect of storm Klaus, the rate of change in harvested area depended on the change year used to separate the two periods to compare. Moreover, the comparison with data on harvested volumes from different sources brought contrasted results depending on the source. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that wood harvest increased in France in 2016–2018 compared to 2004–2015. The discrepancy between Ceccherini et al.’s data and other data on harvested volumes points out the difficulty of reconciling different approaches to estimate wood harvest at a country level.

Abrupt increase in harvested forest area over Europe after 2015

Nature ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 583 (7814) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Ceccherini ◽  
Gregory Duveiller ◽  
Giacomo Grassi ◽  
Guido Lemoine ◽  
Valerio Avitabile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Area ◽  
Abrupt Increase

scholarly journals Descripción de plagas en viveros de cacao en el cantón Milagro a partir de diferentes fuentes de información.// Description of pests in cacao vivarium in Milagro canton from different sources of information.

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Simón Pérez-Martínez ◽  
Carlos Noceda ◽  
Oskary Zambrano ◽  
Dercy Parra ◽  
Luis Cordova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Digital Repositories ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Fundamental Challenge ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Local Farmers

Este artículo pretende i) revisar el estado del arte en el conocimiento de los problemas fitosanitarios reportados en las fases inicialesdel cultivo del cacao en el Ecuador, y ii) describir la presencia de tales problemas en viveros de Milagro. Las fuentes de informaciónfueron mixtas, y estas variaron según la escala geográfica. La información a nivel de país provino de libros o artículos; en cambio,para describir particularidades locales se utilizaron datos primarios de identificación de hongos e información facilitada por productoreslocales entrevistados. Al mismo tiempo, se usaron datos secundarios provenientes de tesis de pregrado, informes técnicosinstitucionales y artículos de prensa. La información secundaria, de poca visibilidad pero disponible en repositorios digitales, contieneinformación puntual válida para el conocimiento local. Los daños causados por hongos y por artrópodos (plagas sensu latu)se agruparon por síntoma y agente causal. De igual forma, se incluyen daños de origen abiótico. El manejo de los daños insectilesfue considerado de poca importancia por los viveristas, a diferencia de los causados por hongos y cromistas que constituyen eldesafío fundamental.ABSTRACTThis article aims i) to review the state of the art in the knowledge of phytosanitary problems reported in the initial stages of cacaocultivation in Ecuador, and ii) to describe the presence of such problems in Milagro vivariums. The sources of information were mixed,and these varied according to geographic scale. Information at the country level came from books or articles; in contrast, primary datato identify fungi and information provided by local farmers interviewed to describe local particularities, were used. At the same time,secondary data from undergraduate theses, institutional technical reports and press articles were used. Secondary information, withlow visibility but available in digital repositories, contains valuable information for local knowledge. The damages caused by fungiand by arthropods (sensu latu pests) were grouped by symptom and causal agent. Symptoms of abiotic origin are also included. Themanagement of insect damage is considered of little importance by nurserymen, unlike those caused by fungi and chromists thatconstitute the fundamental challenge.

scholarly journals The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Gütschow ◽  
M. Louise Jeffery ◽  
Robert Gieseke ◽  
Ronja Gebel ◽  
David Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Country Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract. To assess the history of greenhouse gas emissions and individual countries' contributions to emissions and climate change, detailed historical data are needed. We combine several published datasets to create a comprehensive set of emissions pathways for each country and Kyoto gas, covering the years 1850 to 2014 with yearly values, for all UNFCCC member states and most non-UNFCCC territories. The sectoral resolution is that of the main IPCC 1996 categories. Additional time series of CO2 are available for energy and industry subsectors. Country-resolved data are combined from different sources and supplemented using year-to-year growth rates from regionally resolved sources and numerical extrapolations to complete the dataset. Regional deforestation emissions are downscaled to country level using estimates of the deforested area obtained from potential vegetation and simulations of agricultural land. In this paper, we discuss the data sources and methods used and present the resulting dataset, including its limitations and uncertainties. The dataset is available from doi:10.5880/PIK.2016.003 and can be viewed on the website accompanying this paper (http://www.pik-potsdam.de/primap-live/primap-hist/).

No “Abrupt increase in harvested forest area over Europe after 2015” – How the misuse of a satellite-based map led to completely wrong conclusions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Breidenbach ◽  
David Ellison ◽  
Hans Petersson ◽  
Kari Korhonen ◽  
Helena Henttonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Data ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Abrupt Increase ◽  
Mapping Algorithm ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
National Forest Inventories ◽  
The Eu

<p>In a recent <em>Nature </em>article, the satellite-based Global Forest Change (GFC) map was used to estimate the yearly harvest area in each of the EU26-states over the period 2004 to 2018 (Ceccherini et al. 2020). Finland and Sweden were identified as the countries with the largest harvest increases and the biggest effect on the EU’s climate policy strategy. Here, we employ more than 45,000 field observations from the Finnish and Swedish national forest inventories as reference observations to analyze the accuracy of GFC data. We find that harvested area increases only marginally, if at all, after 2015. What did increase abruptly after 2015, however, was GFC’s sensitivity to detect harvested areas and thinnings.</p><p>The results of the <em>Nature </em>article are therefore a consequence of an inconsistent time series in GFC due to a change in the mapping algorithm or the sensor system and are thus both incorrect and misleading. The article is thus a good example for how wrong results based on satellite data can be, if no adequate estimators utilizing reference data are used.</p><p> </p><p>References</p><p>Ceccherini, G. et al. Abrupt increase in harvested forest area over Europe after 2015. Nature 583, 72-77 (2020).</p>

scholarly journals Below the canopy: global trends in forest vertebrate populations and their drivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1928) ◽  
pp. 20200533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Green ◽  
Louise McRae ◽  
Robin Freeman ◽  
Mike B. J. Harfoot ◽  
Samantha L. L. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Forest Biodiversity ◽  
Global Trends

Global forest assessments use forest area as an indicator of biodiversity status, which may mask below-canopy pressures driving forest biodiversity loss and ‘empty forest’ syndrome. The status of forest biodiversity is important not only for species conservation but also because species loss can have consequences for forest health and carbon storage. We aimed to develop a global indicator of forest specialist vertebrate populations to improve assessments of forest biodiversity status. Using the Living Planet Index methodology, we developed a weighted composite Forest Specialist Index for the period 1970–2014. We then investigated potential correlates of forest vertebrate population change. We analysed the relationship between the average rate of change of forest vertebrate populations and satellite-derived tree cover trends, as well as other pressures. On average, forest vertebrate populations declined by 53% between 1970 and 2014. We found little evidence of a consistent global effect of tree cover change on forest vertebrate populations, but a significant negative effect of exploitation threat on forest specialists. In conclusion, we found that the forest area is a poor indicator of forest biodiversity status. For forest biodiversity to recover, conservation management needs to be informed by monitoring all threats to vertebrates, including those below the canopy.

Evaluation of a large-scale forest scenario model in heterogeneous forests: a case study for Switzerland

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Thürig ◽  
Mart-Jan Schelhaas
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Scenario Model ◽  
European Forest ◽  
Mortality Function ◽  
Site Classes

Large-scale forest scenario models are widely used to simulate the development of forests and to compare the carbon balance estimates of different countries. However, as site variability in the application area often exceeds the variability in the calibration area, model validation is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the European Forest Information Scenario model (EFISCEN). As Switzerland exhibits high spatial and climatic diversity, it was taken as a case study. The model output was compared to measured data in terms of initialization, estimation of growing stock, stand age, increment, management, and natural mortality. Comparisons were done at the country level, but also for regions and site classes. The results showed that the initialization procedure of EFISCEN works well for Switzerland. Moreover, EFISCEN accurately estimated the observed growing stock at the country level. On a regional level, major differences occurred. In particular, distribution of the harvesting amounts, mortality, and age-class distribution deviated considerably from empirical values. For future model applications, we therefore propose to define the required harvesting level not per country, but to specify it for smaller regions. Moreover, the EFISCEN simulations should be improved by refining the mortality function and by incorporating more flexibility in forest management practices.

scholarly journals Below the canopy: global trends in forest vertebrate populations and their drivers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Green ◽  
Louise McRae ◽  
Robin Freeman ◽  
Mike B.J. Harfoot ◽  
Samantha L.L. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Forest Biodiversity

Global forest assessments use forest area as a proxy indicator of biodiversity status, which may mask below-canopy pressures driving forest biodiversity loss and ‘empty forest’ syndrome. The status of forest biodiversity is important not only for species conservation but also because species loss can have consequences for forest health and carbon storage. We aimed to develop a global indicator of forest specialist vertebrate populations to improve assessments of forest biodiversity status. For this purpose we used the Living Planet Index methodology, developing a weighted composite Forest Specialist Index for the period 1970-2014. We then investigated potential drivers of forest vertebrate population change, including tree cover change, to determine whether forest area is a good proxy for forest biodiversity. The effects of satellite-derived tree cover trends and other pressures on the average rate of change of forest vertebrate populations were analysed. We reviewed the literature to gain more context-specific information relating to drivers of forest specialist population change. On average, forest vertebrate populations declined by 53% between 1970 and 2014. We found little evidence of a consistent global effect of tree cover change on forest vertebrate populations but a significant negative effect of exploitation threat on forest specialists. However, time-series cross-correlation analyses showed some forest specialist populations are closely aligned to tree cover change. The literature review identified several drivers of population change that cannot be detected remotely and may cause populations to change independently of tree cover. Forest vertebrate populations have more than halved since the 1970s. In conclusion, we found that forest area is a poor proxy of forest biodiversity status. For forest biodiversity to recover, we must monitor and manage all threats to vertebrates, including those below the canopy.

scholarly journals The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Gütschow ◽  
M. Louise Jeffery ◽  
Robert Gieseke ◽  
Ronja Gebel ◽  
David Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Country Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract. To assess the history of greenhouse gas emissions and individual countries' contributions to emissions and climate change, detailed historical data is needed. We combine several published datasets to create a comprehensive set of emission pathways of each country and Kyoto gas covering the years 1850 to 2014 for all UNFCCC member states as well as most non-UNFCCC territories. The sectoral resolution is that of the main IPCC 1996 categories. Additional subsectors are available for time series of CO2 from energy and industry. Country resolved data is combined from different sources and supplemented using growth rates from region resolved sources and numerical extrapolations to complete the dataset. Regional deforestation emissions are downscaled to country level using estimates of the deforested area obtained from potential vegetation and simulations of agricultural land. In this paper, we discuss the data sources and methods used and present the resulting dataset including its limitations and uncertainties. The dataset is available from http://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2016.003 and can be viewed on the website accompanying this paper (www.pik-potsdam.de/primap-live/primap-hist/).

Variation Between Voivodships in Terms of Forest Area and Silviculture Activities in Polish Forests in 2015-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 524-538
Author(s):  
Agata Grużewska ◽  
Katarzyna Rymuza ◽  
Marek Niewęgłowski
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Natural Forest Regeneration ◽  
Privately Owned

The objective of the study reported here was to compare voivodships in terms of forest area, forest regeneration area, afforested area, thinned forest area and natural forest regeneration area Main Statistical Office data for Polish voivodships was analysed. It included forest area, natural forest regeneration and silviculture activities (forest regeneration, afforestations and thinning) in all forests, state-owned forests and privately-owned forests. Voivodships were compared using the arithmetic mean, the indicator of structure, the average rate of change, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Principal Component Analysis, revealed that state-owned forest area, forest regeneration in state forests, total forest regeneration, and thinning in state-owned forests had the greatest share in the multivariate variation among voivodships analysed in terms of forestry. Cluster analysis yielded two groups of voivodships. The voivodships in the first group had a higher average total forest area, area of state-owned forests, total area of forest regeneration and forest regeneration in state-owned forests, area of natural forest regeneration and thinning in state-owned forests. On average, forests of voivodships which formed group 2 included less privately-owned forests in which fewer forest regeneration and afforestation activities had been conducted. Opolskie and Śląskie Voivodships as well as Łódzkie and Świętokrzyskie Voivodships were the most similar in terms of all the analysed characteristics.

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