Reduction of growth stresses in logs of Hieronyma alchorneoides Allemão from fast-growth plantations using steaming and heating: effects on the quality of lumber

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Róger Moya ◽  
Carolina Tenorio
Keyword(s):  
Fast Growth ◽  
Growth Stresses ◽  
Heating Effects

scholarly journals Quality of the urban environment as perceived by residents of slow and fast growth cities

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond F. Currie ◽  
Charlene Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Fast Growth

Low-Pressure Fast Growth and Characterization of 4H-SiC Epilayers

2010 ◽  
Vol 645-648 ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidekazu Tsuchida ◽  
Masahiko Ito ◽  
Isaho Kamata ◽  
Masahiro Nagano ◽  
Tetsuya Miyazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Transient Spectroscopy ◽  
Annealing Method ◽  
Fast Growth Rate

Fast and thick 4H-SiC epitaxial growth is demonstrated in a vertical-type reactor under a low system pressure within the range 13-40 mbar. A very fast growth rate of up to 250 m/h is obtained. The material quality of the epilayers grown in the reactor is evaluated by low-temperature photoluminescence, deep level transient spectroscopy, microwave photoconductive decay, synchrotron topography and room temperature PL imaging. The carrier lifetime of thick epilayers with or without the application of the C+-implantation/annealing method and extended defects in the epilayers grown on 8º and 4º off substrates are discussed.

scholarly journals VISA: AN AUTOMATIC AWARE AND VISUAL AIDS MECHANISM FOR IMPROVING THE CORRECT USE OF GEOSPATIAL DATA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
J. H. Hong ◽  
Y. T. Su
Keyword(s):  
Data Use ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Development Cost ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Technology Users

With the fast growth of internet-based sharing mechanism and OpenGIS technology, users nowadays enjoy the luxury to quickly locate and access a variety of geospatial data for the tasks at hands. While this sharing innovation tremendously expand the possibility of application and reduce the development cost, users nevertheless have to deal with all kinds of “differences” implicitly hidden behind the acquired georesources. We argue the next generation of GIS-based environment, regardless internet-based or not, must have built-in knowledge to automatically and correctly assess the fitness of data use and present the analyzed results to users in an intuitive and meaningful way. The VISA approach proposed in this paper refer to four different types of visual aids that can be respectively used for addressing analyzed results, namely, virtual layer, informative window, symbol transformation and augmented TOC. The VISA-enabled interface works in an automatic-aware fashion, where the standardized metadata serve as the known facts about the selected geospatial resources, algorithms for analyzing the differences of temporality and quality of the geospatial resources were designed and the transformation of analyzed results into visual aids were automatically executed. It successfully presents a new way for bridging the communication gaps between systems and users. GIS has been long seen as a powerful integration tool, but its achievements would be highly restricted if it fails to provide a friendly and correct working platform.

scholarly journals Analysis of Sensors for Vibration and Nip Forces Monitoring of Rubber Coated Rollers

2010 ◽  
Vol 24-25 ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Voicu ◽  
Reinhard Schmidt ◽  
B. Lammen ◽  
H.H. Hillbrand ◽  
I. Maniu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Vibration Damping ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Heating Effects ◽  
Active Vibration Damping ◽  
Circumferential Distribution ◽  
Active Vibration

To improve the efficiency of printing or coating processes for paper products the velocity of the web and the roller width can be increased. However, these measures bring about deformations of the rollers, heating effects and streak print defects due to undesirable oscillations. This paper presents new sensor technologies for measuring the axial and circumferential distribution of contact pressure along the nip. This work is required for further research on active vibration damping of rollers. The sensors are applied underneath the elastomer covering of the rollers and must be applied without affecting mechanical features or causing a fall off in the quality of the product. In the paper different new measurement techniques are evaluated and compared to state-of-the-art technologies considering dynamic behaviour, sensitivity, linearity, applicability and accuracy. The sensors are integrated into a test rig simulating the rollers of a printing or coating machine. The results are presented in detail and an outlook is given on further research towards active vibration damping.

scholarly journals VISA: AN AUTOMATIC AWARE AND VISUAL AIDS MECHANISM FOR IMPROVING THE CORRECT USE OF GEOSPATIAL DATA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
J. H. Hong ◽  
Y. T. Su
Keyword(s):  
Data Use ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Development Cost ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Technology Users

With the fast growth of internet-based sharing mechanism and OpenGIS technology, users nowadays enjoy the luxury to quickly locate and access a variety of geospatial data for the tasks at hands. While this sharing innovation tremendously expand the possibility of application and reduce the development cost, users nevertheless have to deal with all kinds of “differences” implicitly hidden behind the acquired georesources. We argue the next generation of GIS-based environment, regardless internet-based or not, must have built-in knowledge to automatically and correctly assess the fitness of data use and present the analyzed results to users in an intuitive and meaningful way. The VISA approach proposed in this paper refer to four different types of visual aids that can be respectively used for addressing analyzed results, namely, virtual layer, informative window, symbol transformation and augmented TOC. The VISA-enabled interface works in an automatic-aware fashion, where the standardized metadata serve as the known facts about the selected geospatial resources, algorithms for analyzing the differences of temporality and quality of the geospatial resources were designed and the transformation of analyzed results into visual aids were automatically executed. It successfully presents a new way for bridging the communication gaps between systems and users. GIS has been long seen as a powerful integration tool, but its achievements would be highly restricted if it fails to provide a friendly and correct working platform.

scholarly journals Fiber morphology in fast growth Gmelina arborea plantations

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Róger Moya Roque ◽  
Mario Tomazelo Fo ◽  
Edwin Canessa Amador
Keyword(s):  
Wood Quality ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Length Width

Gmelina arborea is planted in large areas of forest with the objective of producing solid wood using well known silvicultural techniques and taking advantage of the properties of the wood quality of fast-growing tree species managed in short rotation systems. The aim of this study was to analyze the morphology and dimension of fibers from the pith to the bark in trees from fast growth plantations in northern Costa Rica.The results indicate that fiber morphology is irregular in both diameter and shape; with 1 to 4 septa, abundant crystals deposited in fiber lumina and minutely bordered pits with oblique and nonvestured apertures. Fiber length, width and cell wall thickness increased with tree age in the early stages. Lumen diameter was not correlated with tree age.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

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