scholarly journals Nutrients handling after bariatric surgery, the role of gastrointestinal adaptation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Camastra ◽  
Maria Palumbo ◽  
Ferruccio Santini
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review

AbstractBariatric surgery determines a rearrangement of the gastrointestinal tract that influences nutrient handling and plays a role in the metabolic changes observed after surgery. Most of the changes depend on the accelerated gastric emptying observed in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and, to a lesser extent, in sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The rapid delivery of meal into the jejunum, particularly after RYGB, contributes to the prompt appearance of glucose in peripheral circulation. Glucose increase is the principal determinant of GLP-1 increase with the consequent stimulation of insulin secretion, the latter balanced by a paradoxical glucagon increase that stimulates EGP to prevent hypoglycaemia. Protein digestion and amino acid absorption appear accelerated after RYGB but not after SG. After RYGB, the adaptation of the gut to the new condition participates to the metabolic change. The intestinal transit is delayed, the gut microbioma is changed, the epithelium becomes hypertrophic and increases the expression of glucose transporter and of the number of cell secreting hormones. These changes are not observed after SG. After RYGB—less after SG—bile acids (BA) increase, influencing glucose metabolism probably modulating FXR and TGR5 with an effect on insulin sensitivity. Muscle, hepatic and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity improve, and the gut reinforces the recovery of IS by enhancing glucose uptake and through the effect of the BA. The intestinal changes observed after RYGB result in a light malabsorption of lipid but not of carbohydrate and protein. In conclusion, functional and morphological adaptations of the gut after RYGB and SG activate inter-organs cross-talk that modulates the metabolic changes observed after surgery.Level of evidence Level V, narrative literature review.

Epigenetic and Metabolic Changes in Skeletal Muscle Underlying the Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity after Bariatric Surgery in Humans

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 156-OR
Author(s):  
SOFIYA GANCHEVA ◽  
MERIEM OUNI ◽  
CHRYSI KOLIAKI ◽  
TOMAS JELENIK ◽  
DANIEL F. MARKGRAF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Metabolic Changes

scholarly journals Pregnancy after bariatric surgery: a narrative literature review and discussion of impact on pregnancy management and outcome

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Falcone ◽  
Tina Stopp ◽  
Michael Feichtinger ◽  
Herbert Kiss ◽  
Wolfgang Eppel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review

En Plaque Meningiomas: A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa A. Elder ◽  
Hana Yokoi ◽  
A. Jessey Chugh ◽  
Carlito Lagman ◽  
Osmond Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Bone Invasion ◽  
Meningeal Neoplasms ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Treatment Considerations ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Orbital Region

Abstract Background En plaque meningiomas are a rare subtype of meningiomas that are frequently encountered in the spheno-orbital region. Characterized by a hyperostotic and dural invasive architecture, these tumors present unique diagnostic and treatment considerations. Objectives The authors conduct a narrative literature review of clinical reports of en plaque meningiomas to summarize the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and treatment considerations in treating en plaque meningiomas. Additionally, the authors present a case from their own experience to illustrate its complexity and unique features. Methods A literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE database using the following terminology in various combinations: meningioma, meningeal neoplasms, en plaque, skull base, spheno-orbital, and sphenoid wing. Only literature published in English between 1938 and 2018 was reviewed. All case series were specifically reviewed for sufficient data on treatment outcomes, and all literature was analyzed for reports of misdiagnosed cases. Conclusion En plaque meningiomas may present with a variety of symptoms according to their location and degree of bone invasion, requiring a careful diagnostic and treatment approach. While early and aggressive surgical resection is generally accepted as the optimal goal of treatment, these lesions require an individualized approach, with further investigation needed regarding the role of new therapies.

scholarly journals Arrhythmic Sudden Cardiac Death and the Role of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Patients with Cardiac Amyloidosis—A Narrative Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1858
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Liżewska-Springer ◽  
Grzegorz Sławiński ◽  
Ewa Lewicka
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Cardiac Amyloidosis ◽  
Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is considered to be associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias and electromechanical dissociation. However, current arrhythmic risk stratification and the role of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for primary prevention of SCD remains unclear. This article provides a narrative review of the literature on electrophysiological abnormalities in the context of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with CA and the role of ICD in terms of survival benefit in this group of patients.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Twitter at an Annual Congress in Japan　― Narrative Literature Review of “Tweet the Meeting” ―

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 401-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Mizuno ◽  
Takuya Kishi ◽  
Chisa Matsumoto ◽  
Fujimi Kawai ◽  
Mari Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Annual Congress ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review

scholarly journals The Role of Values Education in Countering Violence

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Gülerce ◽  
Osman Erdem Yapar
Keyword(s):  
Values Education ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
The Media ◽  
Violent Acts ◽  
Narrative Literature Review

The problem of violence and its prevention is a central issue in the modern age. Acts of violence are often associated with the religious identities of the perpetrators. The misrepresentation of Islam and Muslims by the media and politicians has unfortunately become a common scenario. On the other hand, research into extremism, violence and terrorism proves that there are other factors than religion that prepare the fertile ground for such acts. Moreover, understanding the causes of violence and developing effective strategies to counter it as well as strengthening resilience in the community has become a significant need of governments, communities and individuals. This study adopted narrative literature review as its research method. The paper is organised in three main parts. The first part analyses theoretical and research based literature about the underlying factors that lead to violence. The second section focuses on values education as the means to develop resilience as well as resistance to violence with reference to relevant research studies. Intervention studies discussed in this section especially demonstrate practical applications of values education. The third section goes on to analyse a specific case in Turkish history in which values education was used to build resilience against persecution and violence. The principles of compassion towards others and wisdom in various areas of life are two main values found to be effectively used to counter violence. The authors suggest that the teaching and practice of these values can reduce violent acts towards others as well as build resilience against such acts when committed by others.

THE ESSENCE AND ROLE OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT SCIENCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
Alina Czapla
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Management Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Quality Management Systems ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact

The concept of quality is not easy to define, it varies according to context, and its meaning changes over time. From the initial focus on the properties of the product, this term has gradually evolved into a broader category, in which, apart from the product, the processes related to its creation are also important, not only production processes, but also, for example, working conditions or relations between the organization and the environment. Currently, quality management is at the center of attention of both scientists and practitioners. The aim of the article is to answer the question what is the role of quality management in management science and what is its essence. The narrative literature review was conducted. The main principles of modern quality management systems and the importance of the Total Quality Management (TQM) concept in management science and business practice have been identified. In particular, attention was paid to the impact of the TQM implementation on the increase of companies’ performance and competitiveness. The proposed directions of future research were also indicated.

scholarly journals The Role of Family Relationships in Eating Disorders in Adolescents: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Erriu ◽  
Silvia Cimino ◽  
Luca Cerniglia
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Family Context ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
The Family ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review

Background: Adolescents’ eating disorders have been explored through various conceptual and empirical models. Only recently, scientific literature in this area has more specifically investigated the role of relationships, with particular attention to family functioning. Objective: This paper reviews family relationships aspects of eating disorders in adolescence. Methods: A narrative literature review of relational issues in adolescents’ eating disorders was performed. Results: Empirical evidence of family relationships in adolescents’ eating disorders confirms the relevance of relational aspects in the development and maintenance of the pathology. In particular, the contribution of the relational-systemic approach is wide, suggesting the need to refer to the family context for a better understanding of adolescents’ sufferance. Additionally, the empirical contributions from the conceptual model of Developmental Psychopathology, highlighting the importance of risk and protection factors in family relationships, provides knowledge about the phenomenon of adolescents’ eating disorders in terms of complexity. Conclusions: An integrated relational model aimed to explore adolescents’ eating disorders is worthy of investigation to accomplish specific program of intervention.

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