Selenium Decreases the Cadmium Content in Brown Rice: Foliar Se Application to Plants Grown in Cd-contaminated Soil

AbstractCadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils has become a serious issue owing to its high toxicity threat to human health through the food chain. The purpose of this paper is to explore the availability of foliar selenium (Se) application in reducing Cd enrichment in brown rice. A field experiment from 2017 to 2019 was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar Se application on the physiology and yields of three rice cultivars and their accumulation of Cd in low-Cd and high-Cd soils. The grain protein contents and yields of rice plants grown in the high-Cd soil were lower than those of plants cultivated in the low-Cd soil by 27.85% and 6.82%, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) and Cd contents were higher by 66.06% and 91.47%, respectively. Se application reduced Cd translocation from the stems and leaves to the spikes, decreasing the Cd content in brown rice by 40.36%. Additionally, Se enhanced the antioxidative activity, glutathione and protein contents, and rice yield (7.58%) and decreased the MDA and proline contents. However, these Se effects weakened under the high-Cd soil. Foliar Se application can alleviate Cd-induced physiological stress in brown rice while improving its yield and reducing its Cd content.

Download Full-text

Aspects of cultivar variation in physiological traits related to Cd distribution in rice plants with a short-term stress

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34413/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wan-Ting Chiao ◽

Bo-Ching Chen ◽

Chien-Hui Syu ◽

Kai-Wei Juang

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Cd Accumulation ◽

Physiological Regulation ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Cd Contamination ◽

Cultivar Variation ◽

Cd Distribution ◽

Cd Translocation

Abstract Background Genotypic variations are seen in cadmium (Cd) tolerance and accumulation in rice plants. Cultivars that show low Cd translocation from the root into shoot can be selected to reduce Cd contamination in rice grains. This study aims to clarify the physiological regulation related to Cd absorption by rice plants for screening out the cultivars, which have relatively low Cd accumulation in grains. Eight Taiwan mega cultivars of paddy rice: japonica (TY3, TK9, TNG71, and KH145 cultivars), indica (TCS10 and TCS17 cultivars), and glutinous (TKW1 and TKW3 cultivars), which are qualified with the criteria for rice grain quality by the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, were used for illustration. An experiment in hydroponics was conducted for the rice seedlings with a treatment of 50 μM CdCl 2 for 7 days. Results and discussion After the Cd treatment, the reductions in shoot growth were more significant than those in root growth; however, Cd absorbed in the rice plant was sequestered much more in the root. The malondialdehyde (MDA) was preferentially accumulated in rice root but the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) was increased more significantly in the shoot; the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were pronounced more in rice shoot. Conclusions The rice cultivars preferentially accumulated Cd in the root rather than the shoot with the Cd treatment, which resulted in significant enhancements of MDA and growth reductions in the root. However, H 2 O 2 accumulation was toward the shoot to retard shoot growth suddenly and then the root could keep a gradual growth. Also, the rice cultivars, which preferentially accumulate Cd in the root, would have the regulation tendency of SOD toward the shoot. Due to that SOD is responsible for H 2 O 2 production, H 2 O 2 accumulation would be thus toward the shoot. Moreover, the cultivars, which have a less regulation tendency of APX toward the shoot, would present higher translocation of Cd into the shoot.

Download Full-text

Salicylic acid application alleviates Cadmium accumulation in brown rice by modulating its shoot to grain translocation in rice

10.21203/rs.2.19653/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Wang Feijuan ◽

Tan Haifeng ◽

Zhang Yiting ◽

Huang Lihong ◽

Ding Yanfei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Effective Measure ◽

Cd Accumulation ◽

Cd Toxicity ◽

Cd Contamination ◽

Rice Leaves ◽

Cd Translocation

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) contamination has been recognized as a major threat to the agricultural system and crop production which posing serious threat to human health. Salicylic acid (SA) serves as an important signaling molecule and plays an important role in against Cd toxicity. In the previous field experiments, we found SA spraying could reduce the Cd accumulation of rice grain grown in Cd-contaminated soil. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of SA spraying on leaves of rice seedlings under Cd stress. Results showed that SA treatment could alleviate the Cd toxicity of rice not by changing the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes to reduce the H 2 O 2 accumulation in rice. And the key factor of SA treatment reducing Cd accumulation in rice grain was the decreasing of Cd contents in rice leaves at the flowering stage. This indicated that SA could modulate the Cd accumulation of shoots to reduce the Cd translocation to rice grain. Furthermore, SA could increase the H 2 O 2 contents in a short-term to activate the SA-signaling pathway, and modulate the expression levels of Cd transporters ( OsLCT1 and OsLCD ) in rice leaves toraise Cd tolerance and reduce Cd accumulation in rice grain. Thus, SA spraying can be used as an effective measure to cope with Cd contamination in paddy soils.

Download Full-text

Aspects of cultivar variation in physiological traits related to Cd distribution in rice plants with a short-term stress

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34413/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wan-Ting Chiao ◽

Bo-Ching Chen ◽

Chien-Hui Syu ◽

Kai-Wei Juang

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Cd Accumulation ◽

Physiological Regulation ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Cd Contamination ◽

Cultivar Variation ◽

Cd Distribution ◽

Cd Translocation

Abstract Background Genotypic variations are seen in Cd tolerance and accumulation in rice plants. Cultivars that show low Cd translocation from the root into shoot can be selected to reduce Cd contamination in rice grains. This study aims to clarify the physiological regulation related to cadmium (Cd) absorption by rice plants for screening out the cultivars, which have relatively low Cd accumulation in grains. Eight Taiwan mega cultivars of paddy rice: japonica (TY3, TK9, TNG71, and KH145 cultivars), indica (TCS10 and TCS17 cultivars), and glutinous (TKW1 and TKW3 cultivars), which are qualified with the criteria for rice grain quality by the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, were used for illustration. An experiment in hydroponics was conducted for the rice seedlings with a treatment of 50 µM CdCl2 for 7 days. Results and discussion After the Cd treatment, the reductions in shoot growth were more significant than those in root growth; however, Cd absorbed in the rice plant was sequestered much more in the root. The malondialdehyde (MDA) was preferentially accumulated in rice root but the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was increased more significantly in the shoot; the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were pronounced more in rice shoot. Conclusions The rice cultivars preferentially accumulated Cd in the root rather than the shoot with the Cd treatment, which resulted in significant enhancements of MDA and growth reductions in the root. However, H2O2 accumulation was toward the shoot to retard shoot growth suddenly and then the root could keep a gradual growth. Also, the rice cultivars, which preferentially accumulate Cd in the root, would have the regulation tendency of SOD toward the shoot. Due to that SOD is responsible for H2O2 production, H2O2 accumulation would be thus toward the shoot. Also, the cultivars, which have a less regulation tendency of APX toward the shoot, would present higher translocation of Cd into the shoot.

Download Full-text

Aspects of cultivar variation in physiological traits related to Cd distribution in rice plants with a short-term stress

Botanical Studies ◽

10.1186/s40529-020-00304-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wan-Ting Chiao ◽

Bo-Ching Chen ◽

Chien-Hui Syu ◽

Kai-Wei Juang

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Cd Accumulation ◽

Physiological Regulation ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Cd Contamination ◽

Cultivar Variation ◽

Cd Distribution ◽

Cd Translocation

Abstract Background Genotypic variations are seen in cadmium (Cd) tolerance and accumulation in rice plants. Cultivars that show low Cd translocation from the root into shoot can be selected to reduce Cd contamination in rice grains. This study aims to clarify the physiological regulation related to Cd absorption by rice plants for screening out the cultivars, which have relatively low Cd accumulation in grains. Eight Taiwan mega cultivars of paddy rice: japonica (TY3, TK9, TNG71, and KH145 cultivars), indica (TCS10 and TCS17 cultivars), and glutinous (TKW1 and TKW3 cultivars), which are qualified with the criteria for rice grain quality by the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, were used for illustration. An experiment in hydroponics was conducted for the rice seedlings with a treatment of 50 μM CdCl2 for 7 days. Results and discussion After the Cd treatment, the reductions in shoot growth were more significant than those in root growth; however, Cd absorbed in the rice plant was sequestered much more in the root. The malondialdehyde (MDA) was preferentially accumulated in rice root but the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was increased more significantly in the shoot; the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were pronounced more in rice shoot. Conclusions The rice cultivars preferentially accumulated Cd in the root rather than the shoot with the Cd treatment, which resulted in significant enhancements of MDA and growth reductions in the root. However, H2O2 accumulation was toward the shoot to retard shoot growth suddenly and then the root could keep a gradual growth. Also, the rice cultivars, which preferentially accumulate Cd in the root, would have the regulation tendency of SOD toward the shoot. Due to that SOD is responsible for H2O2 production, H2O2 accumulation would be thus toward the shoot. Moreover, the cultivars, which have a less regulation tendency of APX toward the shoot, would present higher translocation of Cd into the shoot.

Download Full-text

Aspects of cultivar variation in physiological traits related to Cd distribution in rice plants with a short-term stress

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34413/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wan-Ting Chiao ◽

Bo-Ching Chen ◽

Chien-Hui Syu ◽

Kai-Wei Juang

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Cd Accumulation ◽

Physiological Regulation ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Cd Contamination ◽

Cultivar Variation ◽

Cd Distribution ◽

Cd Translocation

Abstract Background: Genotypic variations are seen in cadmium (Cd) tolerance and accumulation in rice plants. Cultivars that show low Cd translocation from the root into shoot can be selected to reduce Cd contamination in rice grains. This study aims to clarify the physiological regulation related to Cd absorption by rice plants for screening out the cultivars, which have relatively low Cd accumulation in grains. Eight Taiwan mega cultivars of paddy rice: japonica (TY3, TK9, TNG71, and KH145 cultivars), indica (TCS10 and TCS17 cultivars), and glutinous (TKW1 and TKW3 cultivars), which are qualified with the criteria for rice grain quality by the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, were used for illustration. An experiment in hydroponics was conducted for the rice seedlings with a treatment of 50 μM CdCl2 for 7 days. Results and discussion: After the Cd treatment, the reductions in shoot growth were more significant than those in root growth; however, Cd absorbed in the rice plant was sequestered much more in the root. The malondialdehyde (MDA) was preferentially accumulated in rice root but the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was increased more significantly in the shoot; the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were pronounced more in rice shoot. Conclusions: The rice cultivars preferentially accumulated Cd in the root rather than the shoot with the Cd treatment, which resulted in significant enhancements of MDA and growth reductions in the root. However, H2O2 accumulation was toward the shoot to retard shoot growth suddenly and then the root could keep a gradual growth. Also, the rice cultivars, which preferentially accumulate Cd in the root, would have the regulation tendency of SOD toward the shoot. Due to that SOD is responsible for H2O2 production, H2O2 accumulation would be thus toward the shoot. Moreover, the cultivars, which have a less regulation tendency of APX toward the shoot, would present higher translocation of Cd into the shoot.

Download Full-text

Experimental hybridization to produce F1 from a cross between gogo-dryland and paddy-field rice cultivars subjected to different environmental conditions in Indonesia

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/a-375 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

A.L. Adiredjo ◽

Damanhuri . ◽

Respatijarti .

Keyword(s):

Paddy Field ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Brown Rice ◽

T Test ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Experimental Hybridization ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Parental Lines ◽

Staple Crop

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple crop in Indonesia. Despite its main importance for the Indonesia’s food supply, the production is influenced by several factors. One factors which influence rice yield is drought stress. The experiment was conducted in two fields namely Talok village and Jatimulyo village. The parental lines were gogo-dryland and paddy-field rice types. In Talok village, the success rate of hybridization ranged from 47% to 85% while in Jatimulyo village 16.33% to 38.67%. The result of student T-test for the width of brown rice in Talok village field showed a significant difference through Situ Bagendit x Ciherang and Situ Bagendit x Cibogo. While in Jatimulyo village field, student T-test for the length of brown rice showed very significant difference through Inpago x IR64 and Inpago x Ciherang. Besides, the width of brown rice showed very significant difference through Inpago x IR64 and Inpago x Ciherang.

Download Full-text

Effect of Clearance on Mechanical Damage of Processed Rice

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201765051469 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 1469-1476

Author(s):

Salih K. Alwan Alsharifi ◽

Akbar Arabhosseini ◽

Mohammad H. Kianmehr ◽

Ali M. Kermani

Keyword(s):

Rice Yield ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Factorial Experiment ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Broken Rice ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Head Rice ◽

Head Rice Yield ◽

Better Than

The effect of rubber rolls in husking machine (Yanmar type) on rice cultivars of Tarm Hashemi (TH) and Daillman Mazandarani (DM) were tested during husking at three clearances of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mm between cylinders. The experiments were carried out in a factorial experiment under complete randomized design with three replications. The results showed that the TH cultivar was significantly better than the DM in all studied conditions. The results showed broken rice of 6.239 % and 6.729 %, cracked grain percentage of 3.787 % and 4.671 %, brown rice (husked rice) of 82.049 % and 80.113 %, husking efficiency of 84.719 % and 83.152 % and head rice yield of 70.633 % and 69.202 % for TH and DM, respectively. The clearance of 0.8 mm was significantly superior to the levels of 0.4 and 0.6 mm in all studied conditions.

Download Full-text

Analysis of heterosis, combining ability and heritability of cadmium content in brown rice of tri-line indica hybrid rice

CHINESE JOURNAL OF ECO-AGRICULTURE ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1011..2011.00668 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 668-671

Author(s):

Ying-Jiang CAO ◽

Shu-Mei YOU ◽

Kai-Feng JIANG ◽

Li YANG ◽

Qian-Hua YANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Combining Ability ◽

Hybrid Rice ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Cadmium Content ◽

Indica Hybrid Rice

Download Full-text

Tolerance of Southern US Rice Cultivars to Benzobicyclon

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2017.64 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 658-665

Author(s):

Mason L. Young ◽

Jason K. Norsworthy ◽

Robert C. Scott ◽

Lon T. Barber

Keyword(s):

Yield Loss ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Rice Production ◽

Severe Injury ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Visible Injury ◽

Tropical Japonica ◽

Southern Us ◽

Crop Injury ◽

Rough Rice

Benzobicyclon is the first 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-inhibiting herbicide pursued for commercial registration in U.S. rice production. A study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the response of eight rice cultivars to post-flood application timings of benzobicyclon at 494 g ai ha-1(proposed 2X rate). ‘Caffey’, ‘CL151’, ‘CLXL745’, ‘Jupiter’, ‘LaKast’, ‘Mermentau’, ‘Roy J’, and ‘XL753’ were evaluated in response to applications of benzobicyclon. The highest level of visible injury was observed in LaKast at 7% in 2015. No visible injury was detected among other cultivars either year at 2 weeks after treatment. In 2015 and 2016, no more than a four-day delay to reach 50% heading occurred across all cultivars. Rough rice yield was not affected by any of the post-flood application timings of benzobicyclon. A second study was conducted in 2016 at three locations throughout Arkansas to investigate the tolerance of 19tropical japonica(inbred and hybrid) and twoindicainbred cultivars to a premix containing benzobicyclon at 494 g ai ha-1and halosulfuron at 72 g ai ha-1 applied 1 week after flooding. Thetropical japonicacultivars have excellent crop safety to benzobicyclon while application to theindicacultivars, Rondo and Purple Marker, expressed severe phytotoxicity. Benzobicyclon caused less than a 2 d delay in heading to thejaponicacultivars. Rough rice yield of thetropical japonicacultivars was not affected by benzobicyclon while yields of bothindicacultivars were negatively affected. Benzobicyclon can safely be applied to drill-seededtropical japonicainbred and hybrid cultivars in a post-flood application without concerns for crop injury. Benzobicyclon should not be used onindicacultivars as it will cause severe injury, delayed heading, and yield loss.

Download Full-text