scholarly journals Exploring discourse-based organizational change in Japan: practicing between dominant and alternative discourses

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Nagaishi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Change Effort ◽  
Authority Figure ◽  
Dominant Discourses ◽  
Successful Change ◽  
Alternative Discourses

AbstractThe primary objective of this study is to respond to Grant and Marshak’s (J Appl Behav Sci 47:204–235, 2011) call for a move toward change perspectives that emphasize the generative nature of discourses, narratives, and conversations and how change practitioners discursively facilitate emergent processes. This article attempts to explore the question, “Can we specify the conditions and sources which make generative conversations emerge and may lead to a successful change effort in Japan?” The abductive inquiry into the question indicates that the generative change process convinces change sponsors that changing the dominant discourses and welcoming alternative ones can lead to the long-term development of the organization and the members. With respect to the sources of alternative discourses, psychological safety and trust in the external authority figure are generally required. The importance of survival anxiety and talent diversity may vary across the broad contexts on which organizations depend.

Eastern Yin-Yang Model of Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-208
Author(s):  
Runtian Jing
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Mutual Transformation ◽  
Change Agency ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Process Change ◽  
Yin Yang ◽  
Successful Change ◽  
Timing Strategies

Chinese cultural yin-yang view of change offers a rich understanding of organizational change process, actions, and context. Based on a “becoming” ontology, this yin-yang view assumes the reality to be an “ever-changing flow” rather than an event with clear beginning and ending points. By highlighting the concept of momentum, it encourages people to achieve a successful change by implementing various timing strategies such as momentum-seizing, momentum-entraining, and momentum-creating. Some ongoing studies on the yin-yang view of change are reviewed, including cultural beliefs in continuous change, momentum as driver of the change process, change agency as paradoxical leadership, and dialectical change with mutual transformation. The chapter illustrates the yin-yang model of change through the case of the Chengdu Bus Group that contributes novel insights into the previous literature on organizational change. It also summarizes the possible strengths and criticisms of this yin-yang view and puts forward some suggestions for future studies.

Personnel reduction and growth, innovation, and employee optimism about the long-term benefits of organizational change

2020 ◽  
pp. 002085232093453
Author(s):  
Jeannette Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Employee Outcomes ◽  
Work Unit ◽  
Service Employee ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Public Service Employee

What do employees think when their organization’s change programme has led to a growth or reduction in the number of employees in their work unit or workgroup? While we take for granted that employees generally do not respond well to organizational initiatives that reduce the number of personnel, we are less certain about their response to organizational efforts that raise the number of personnel. Using the Australian Public Service Employee Census, containing over 24,600 responses, this research finds that employees’ exposure to a major organizational change that raises or reduces the number of personnel in their workgroup is related to two employee outcomes: (1) implementation of innovation-related change in their workgroup; and (2) optimism about the long-term benefits of the change on their workgroup’s performance. Innovation-related change also moderates the relationship between personnel-related change and optimism about the long-term benefits of change. Points for practitioners Employees who experience a reduction in the number of personnel in their workgroup may pursue innovation. When employees experience personnel growth in their workgroup, those who implement innovation report higher levels of optimism about organizational change than those who do not implement innovation. Finally, how well leaders manage the change process during personnel-related change can shape the employee implementation of innovation and optimism about organizational change.

scholarly journals Effect of Organizational Change on Employee Job Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cross Ogohi Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Organisational Change ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Source Data ◽  
And Performance

As businesses evolve, to keep ahead of competition, so do their expectations for their employee's performance. An employee is a key element of an organization and their overall  performance can decide the achievements of an organization or its failures. Every business has their own specific way of doing things, due to the constant change of the business environment. This changes therefore requires organization to adopt internal changes which tends to affect the performance of employees thus may enhance organisational growth and otherwise. The general objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of organizational change on employee job performance and compare it with the transformation framework articulated by some change management theorist and also to explore whether organizational change affect the job performance of employees. This study will make use of the data that was analyzed using the content analysis approach. This is because of its major dependence on the secondary source data. The result of the evaluation will provide how organisational change can be improved. There are some reasons why it is important that an organization must always affect a change process. The organization must consider that employees are very vital in carrying out a change process. Sustainable long-term success and performance of the organization depends on employees.

School Environment as a Determinant of Organizational Learning Support

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-44
Author(s):  
Valentína Šuťáková ◽  
Janka Ferencová ◽  
Martina Kosturková
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Organizational Change ◽  
Organizational Learning ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
School Management ◽  
Learning Support ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Learning Research

Organizational learning as a strategic tool for organizational change and stabilization of success has been discussed in a school environment since the 1990s. Its importance is increasing in the context of dynamic development of the society and the need to flexibly adapt to constant changes. Organizational learning research focuses on analyzing factors that are important to organizational learning and adaptability. The study aim was to examine a school environment as a determinant of organizational learning support. We chose a design of qualitative research, in which a group interview with 32 teachers from four schools was carried out. Based on the interviews we specified five categories of organizational learning support – psychological safety, open communication, cooperation, openness to new ideas, engagement and participation. Through an analysis of participants‘ responses, we identified the most significant barriers to organizational learning in the environment of selected schools. Their recognition has made it possible to formulate recommendations related to school management and to the promotion of organizational learning at schools.

Economic conditions and perceptions of immigrants as an economic threat in Europe: Temporal dynamics and mediating processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 002071522199352
Author(s):  
Boris Heizmann ◽  
Nora Huth
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
Party Positions

This article addresses the extent to which economic downturns influence the perception of immigrants as an economic threat and through which channels this occurs. Our primary objective is an investigation of the specific mechanisms that connect economic conditions to the perception of immigrants as a threat. We therefore also contribute to theoretical discussions based on group threat and realistic group conflict theory by exposing the dominant source of competition relevant to these relationships. Furthermore, we investigate whether people react more sensitive to short-term economic dynamics within countries than to the long-term economic circumstances. Our database comprises all waves of the European Social Survey from 2002 to 2017. The macro-economic indicators we use include GDP per capita, unemployment, and national debt levels, covering the most salient economic dimensions. We furthermore control for the country’s migration situation and aggregate party positions toward cultural diversity. Our results show that the dynamic short-term developments of the economy and migration within countries are of greater relevance for perceived immigrant threat than the long-term situation. In contrast, the long-term political climate appears to be more important than short-term changes in the aggregate party positions. Further mediation analyses show that objective economic conditions influence anti-immigrant attitudes primarily through individual perceptions of the country’s economic performance and that unemployment rates are of primary importance.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health disorders associate with greater decreases in physical capability in older women

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juopperi Samuli ◽  
Sund Reijo ◽  
Rikkonen Toni ◽  
Kröger Heikki ◽  
Sirola Joonas
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Baseline Body Mass Index ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Physical Capability ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Background Good physical capability is an important part of healthy biological ageing. Several factors influencing physical capability have previously been reported. Long-term reports on physical capability and the onset of clinical disorders and chronic diseases are lacking. Decrease in physical capacity has been shown to increase mortality. This study focuses on the prevalence of chronic diseases. The primary objective of the study was to reveal the association between physical capability and morbidity. Secondary objectives included the validity of self-reported physical capability and the association between baseline physical capability and mortality. Methods The OSTPRE (Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Study) prospective cohort involved all women aged 47–56 years residing in the Kuopio Province, Finland in 1989. Follow-up questionnaires were mailed at five-year intervals. Physical capability questions were first presented in 1994. From these women, we included only completely physically capable subjects at our baseline, in 1994. Physical capability was evaluated with five scale self-reports at baseline and in 2014 as follows: completely physically capable, able to walk but not run, can walk up to 1000 m, can walk up to 100 m and temporarily severely incapable. The prevalences of selected chronic diseases, with a minimum prevalence of 10% in 2014, were compared with the change in self-reported physical capability. Additionally, associations between long-term mortality and baseline physical capability of the whole 1994 study population sample were examined with logistic regression. The correlation of self-reported physical capability with functional tests was studied cross-sectionally at the baseline for a random subsample. Results Our study population consisted of 6219 Finnish women with a mean baseline age of 57.0 years. Self-reported physical capability showed statistically significant correlation with functional tests. Cardiovascular diseases and musculoskeletal disorders show the greatest correlation with decrease of physical capability. Prevalence of hypertension increased from 48.7% in the full physical capability group to 74.5% in the “able to walk up to 100 metres” group (p < 0.001). Rheumatoid arthritis showed a similar increase from 2.1 to 7.4% between these groups. Higher baseline body mass index (BMI) decreases long-term capability (P < 0.001). Women reporting full physical capability at baseline had a mortality rate of 15.1%, in comparison to 48.5% in women within the “able to walk up to 100 m” group (p = 0.357). Mortality increased steadily with worsening baseline physical capability. Conclusions The results of this study show that chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders, correlate with faster degradation of physical capability in the elderly. Similar results are shown for increase in BMI. We also demonstrate that the risk of mortality over a 20-year period is higher in individuals with poor baseline physical capability.

Immunoadsorption for Recurrent Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis on Kidney Allografts: A Single-Center Experience and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Naciri Bennani ◽  
Juste Yérémandé Bonzi ◽  
Johan Noble ◽  
Florian Terrec ◽  
Lionel Motte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Objective ◽  
Allograft Survival ◽  
Frequent Adverse Event ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Reactivation ◽  
Segmental Glomerulosclerosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Allograft Loss

Introduction: Primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) frequently reoccurs on kidney transplants and may lead to premature allograft loss. There are no guidelines for treating FSGS recurrence on allografts; treatment is based on apheresis (plasma exchange plasmapheresis [PP], semi-specific immunoadsorption [IA] with reusable columns) plus rituximab. Objective: We aimed to assess the efficacy of IA to treat recurrent FSGS. Methods: We report on 7 patients with recurrent FSGS on kidney allograft (proteinuria ≥3 g/g of urinary creatinine or ≥3 g/day); they all received IA. Our primary objective was to reduce proteinuria by >50%. Patients’ mean age was 45 ± 10 years. Postoperative immunosuppression relied on steroids, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, with an induction therapy of basiliximab or antithymocyte globulins. Prophylaxis to prevent FSGS recurrence was either rituximab alone (n = 3), rituximab plus either PP or IA (n = 3), or no treatment (n = 1). Mean follow-up was 20 ± 13 months. There was a median of 72 (14–101) IA sessions per patient, that is, a mean of 14 ± 1 sessions per IA column. Results: At 12 months after starting IA, all patients had partial (n = 6) or complete (n = 1) remission, and allograft survival was 100%. The mean reduction in proteinuria within an IA session was 45 ± 15%. At last follow-up, 2 patients are in remission without IA, 3 patients are in partial remission that is IA dependent, and 2 patients lost their allograft due to FSGS recurrence. The most frequent adverse event was cytomegalovirus reactivation (n = 13), which subsided after valganciclovir therapy. Conclusions: We show that recurrence of FSGS can be controlled long term with IA plus rituximab. However, some patients remained dependent on IA.

scholarly journals Writing about listening: alternative discourses in rock journalism

Popular Music ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRIS ATTON
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Alternative Music ◽  
Dominant Discourses ◽  
Alternative Discourses

Abstract‘Alternative’ publications challenge the conventional discourses of rock journalism. In particular, the dominant discourses of authenticity, masculinity and mythology might be countered by publications that emphasise historical and (sub)cultural framing, and that present radicalised ‘spaces of listening’. Using Bourdieu’s field theory to identify autonomous and semi-autonomous sites for rock criticism, the paper compares how a fanzine (the Sound Projector) and what Frith has termed an ideological magazine (the Wire) construct their reviews. The findings suggest that, whilst there is no evidence for an absolute break with the dominant conventions of reviewing, there is a remarkable polyglottism in alternative music reviewing. The paper emphasises differing cultural and social practices in the multiple ways the publications write about music, and argues for the value of such polyglottism.

scholarly journals How do Employees Adapt to Organizational Change? The Role of Meaning-making and Work Engagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machteld van den Heuvel ◽  
Evangelia Demerouti ◽  
Arnold B. Bakker ◽  
Jørn Hetland ◽  
Wilmar B. Schaufeli
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Adaptive Performance ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Office Design

Abstract This multi-wave, multi-source study focuses on the benefits of work engagement for employee adaptation to organizational change. The change entailed the implementation of a flexible office design in an engineering firm, which caused radical change for employees. Building on conservation of resources (COR) theory and change transition models, we predict that work engagement trajectories during change are crucial for successful adaptation. The hypothesized process was that initial employee meaning-making will facilitate work engagement, which, in turn, predicts supervisor-rated adaptive performance (i.e. adaptive work-role performance and extra-role performance) via attitude-to-change. Attitude-to-change was modeled as reciprocally related to work engagement at different points in time. Weekly questionnaires were completed by 71 employees during the first five weeks of the change (296 observations). Latent growth trajectories using weekly engagement measures showed no overall growth, but did show significant variance around the slope of work engagement. Meaning-making and attitude-to-change at the onset were positively related to initial levels, but not to growth of work engagement. Meaning-making was indirectly related to short-term attitude-to-change via work engagement. Short-term attitude-to-change was predictive of supervisor-rated adaptive performance and long-term attitude-to-change. Finally, work engagement (slope) predicted long-term attitude-to-change and supervisor-rated extra-role performance via short-term attitude-to-change. Taken together, the study contributes to knowledge about micro-level transition processes of employee adaptation and the benefits of work engagement during change.

Symptomatic Iliofemoral and Iliocaval Venous Thrombosis in Patients With Cancer: Endovascular Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Rabellino ◽  
Pedro Moltini ◽  
Vanesa Di Caro ◽  
Ricardo García-Mónaco
Keyword(s):  
Primary Objective ◽  
Primary Patency ◽  
Postthrombotic Syndrome ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Secondary Patency ◽  
Technical Success ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Introduction: Proximal (iliocaval and iliofemoral) deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism are the second cause of death in patients with cancer. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 35 patients with cancer treated with endovascular therapy for proximal DVT. The primary objective was to evaluate the technical success of the procedure and the 30-day and long-term symptom improvement. Results: Thirty-five patients with a mean age of 57.7 years were treated. In 27 patients, DVT was due to tumor compression and/or invasion of the iliocaval venous axis, and in the remaining 8, it was secondary to their hypercoagulability state. The revascularization techniques used were manual catheter-directed aspiration of the thrombus plus angioplasty and stenting. Technical success was achieved in 33 patients. No complications occurred. Twenty-seven patients were followed up at 30 days posttreatment: 21 were free of postthrombotic syndrome, 4 (14.8%) had mild symptoms, and 2 (7.4%) had moderate symptoms. The mean long-term follow-up was 27.3 months, with a primary patency of 68.8% and assisted and secondary patency rates of 100%. Conclusion: Endovascular revascularization in patients with cancer with extensive and symptomatic proximal DVT is safe and efficient, with a low rate of complications. We consider that this therapy should be offered to patients with cancer with an average or long life expectancy.

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