The local environment of Cu2+ ions incorporated into oxide glasses by ion exchange

1988 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej M. Kłonkowski ◽  
Thomas Richter ◽  
Günther H. Frischat
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Oxide Glasses

EXAFS study on the local environment of Cu+ ions in glasses of the Cu2O–Na2O–Al2O3–SiO2 system prepared by Cu+/Na+ ion exchange

2000 ◽  
Vol 277 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeho Lee ◽  
Tetsuji Yano ◽  
Shuichi Shibata ◽  
Akihiko Nukui ◽  
Masayuki Yamane
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Sio2 System ◽  
Exafs Study ◽  
Cu Ions

scholarly journals Characterization of Thermally Annealed Sb Implanted Fused Silica

1993 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Morgan ◽  
Z. Pan ◽  
D.O. Henderson ◽  
S.Y. Park ◽  
R.A. Weeks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Oxide Glasses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Nonlinear Index ◽  
Optical Behavior

ABSTRACTThe local environment of the polarizable ion in heavy metal oxide glasses is postulated to strongly influence the nonlinear response of these materials. We have previously observed that post-implantation thermal annealing changes the chemical properties of the implanted layer in a different fashion in Pb- and Bi- implanted SiO2. In this paper we report the optical behavior of Sb-implanted SiO2 as a function of annealing temperature and atmosphere. High purity fused silica substrates were implanted at room temperature to a dose of 6 × 1016 ions/cm2, and subsequently annealed at temperatures from 500 to 1000 C in argon and oxygen atmospheres. RBS, optical absorption (1.8 to 6.2 eV), infrared reflectance (450 to 5000 cm-1), and nonlinear index of refraction were measured before and after annealing. The results of these measurements indicate that annealing treatment significantly affects the local environment of the implanted Sb ions, and consequently the optical response.

Local Environment of Terbium(III) Ions in Layered Nanocrystalline Zirconium(IV) Phosphonate–Phosphate Ion Exchange Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (15) ◽  
pp. 8837-8846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell W. Terban ◽  
Chenyang Shi ◽  
Rita Silbernagel ◽  
Abraham Clearfield ◽  
Simon J. L. Billinge
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Phosphate Ion

EPR and optical study of copper diffusion layers produced by ion exchange in oxide glasses

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.D. Bogomolova ◽  
V.A. Gan'shin ◽  
V.A. Jachkin ◽  
M.E. Kubrinskaya ◽  
V.Z. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Oxide Glasses ◽  
Optical Study ◽  
Copper Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Layers

Embedding Procedure for Water Swollen Samples

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
Ann M. Thomas ◽  
Virginia Shemeley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Exchange Resins

Those samples which swell rapidly when exposed to water are, at best, difficult to section for transmission electron microscopy. Some materials literally burst out of the embedding block with the first pass by the knife, and even the most rapid cutting cycle produces sections of limited value. Many ion exchange resins swell in water; some undergo irreversible structural changes when dried. We developed our embedding procedure to handle this type of sample, but it should be applicable to many materials that present similar sectioning difficulties.The purpose of our embedding procedure is to build up a cross-linking network throughout the sample, while it is in a water swollen state. Our procedure was suggested to us by the work of Rosenberg, where he mentioned the formation of a tridimensional structure by the polymerization of the GMA biproduct, triglycol dimethacrylate.

Residual Gas Reaction in the Electron Microscope: II The Design of a Gas-Control Chamber for Quantitative Observations

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
Chester J. Calbick ◽  
Richard E. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Ion Pump ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Differential Pumping ◽  
And Control

Quantitative studies of the phenomenon associated with reactions induced by the electron beam between specimens and gases present in the electron microscope require precise knowledge and control of the local environment experienced by the portion of the specimen in the electron beam. Because of outgassing phenomena, the environment at the irradiated portion of the specimen is very different from that in any place where gas pressures and compositions can be measured. We have found that differential pumping of the specimen chamber by a 4" Orb-Ion pump, following roughing by a zeolite sorption pump, can produce a specimen-chamber pressure 100- to 1000-fold less than that in the region below the objective lens.

An emerging technology: Nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 1000-1001
Author(s):  
M.J. Hennessy ◽  
E. Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Nmr Microscopy ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Temperature Relaxation ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Much progress in nuclear magnetic resonance microscope has been made in the last few years as a result of improved instrumentation and techniques being made available through basic research in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies for medicine. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was first observed in the hydrogen nucleus in water by Bloch, Purcell and Pound over 40 years ago. Today, in medicine, virtually all commercial MRI scans are made of water bound in tissue. This is also true for NMR microscopy, which has focussed mainly on biological applications. The reason water is the favored molecule for NMR is because water is,the most abundant molecule in biology. It is also the most NMR sensitive having the largest nuclear magnetic moment and having reasonable room temperature relaxation times (from 10 ms to 3 sec). The contrast seen in magnetic resonance images is due mostly to distribution of water relaxation times in sample which are extremely sensitive to the local environment.

TEM studies of amorphization processes and amorphous structures

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
T. E. Mitchell ◽  
R. B. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Rapid Quenching ◽  
Surface Films ◽  
List Type ◽  
Oxide Glasses ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Amorphous Structures ◽  
Amorphous Surface ◽  
Interfacial Films

Traditional oxide glasses occur naturally as obsidian and can be made easily by suitable cooling histories. In the past 30 years, a variety of techniques have been discovered which amorphize normally crystalline materials such as metals. These include [1-3]:Rapid quenching from the vapor phase.Rapid quenching from the liquid phase.Electrodeposition of certain alloys, e.g. Fe-P.Oxidation of crystals to produce amorphous surface oxide layers.Interdiffusion of two pure crystalline metals.Hydrogen-induced vitrification of an intermetal1ic.Mechanical alloying and ball-milling of intermetal lie compounds.Irradiation processes of all kinds using ions, electrons, neutrons, and fission products.We offer here some general comments on the use of TEM to study these materials and give some particular examples of such studies.Thin specimens can be prepared from bulk homogeneous materials in the usual way. Most often, however, amorphous materials are in the form of surface films or interfacial films with different chemistry from the substrates.

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