Oxygen and oxidation: Theories and techniques in the 19th century and the first part of the 20th E. Farber. Pp vii + 111. Washington Academy of Sciences, Washington. 1967. $4.25

Endeavour ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (101) ◽  
pp. 106
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century

Funding and Directing Research or Rewarding Scientific Achievements?

Nuncius ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Bret
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Royal Academy ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Académie Des Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Achievements

Abstract This study examines the science and technology prize system of the Académie des Sciences through a first survey of the prizes granted over the period extending from the 1720s to the end of the 19th century. No reward policy was envisaged by the Royal Academy of Sciences in the Réglement (statute) promulgated by King Louis XIV in 1699. Prizes were proposed later, first by private donors and then by the state, and awarded in international contests setting out specific scientific or technical problems for savants, inventors and artists to solve. Using cash prizes, under the Ancien Régime the Academy effectively directed and funded research for specific purposes set by donors. By providing it with significant extra funding, the donor-sponsored prizes progressively gave the Academy relative autonomy from the political power of the state. In the 19th century, with the growing awareness of the importance of scientific research, the main question became whether to use the prizes to reward past achievements or to incentivize future research, and the scale and nature of the prizes changed.

Chuvash Nikita Bichurin (Iakinf) and Buryat Dorzhi Banzarov — famous researchers of ethnic culture of Mongols in the 19th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-3) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Tikhon Sergeyev ◽  
Vitaly Orlov ◽  
Valery Andreev
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
Outstanding Scientist ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The People ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article shows the contribution of two representatives of multinational Russia of the 19th century to the study of the ethnic culture of the Mongols: the first corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences from the Chuvash, the founder of Sinology, an outstanding scientist-monk N. Ya. Bichurin (Fr. Iakinfa) (1777-1853) and the first Buryat scientist, the Buryat “Lomonosov”, Dorzhi Banzarov (1822-1855). Coming from the lower classes of the people, they became prominent representatives of the Russian democratic intelligentsia of the 19th century.

Russian Meteorological Investigations in China in the 19th Century

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Feklova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Scientific Network ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century

The history of the Russian Magneto-Meteorological Observatory (RMMO) in Beijing has not been extensively researched. Sources for this information are Russian (the Russian State Historical Archive, Saint Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Academy of Sciences, Russian National Library) and Chinese (the First Historical Archive of Beijing, the Library of the Shanghai Zikavey Observatory) archives. These archival materials can be scientifically and methodologically analyzed. At the beginning of the 18th century, the Russian Orthodox Mission (ROM) was founded in the territory of Beijing. Existing until 1955, the ROM performed an important role in the development of Russian–Chinese relations. Russian scientists could only work in Beijing through the ROM due to China’s policy of fierce self-isolation. The ROM became the center of Chinese academic studies and the first training school for Russian sinologists. From its very beginning, it was considered not only a church or diplomatic mission but a research center in close cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences. In this context, the RMMO made important weather investigations in China and the Far East in the 19th century. The RMMO, as well as its branch stations in China and Mongolia, part of a scientific network, represented an important link between Europe and Asia and was probably the largest geographical scientific network in the world at that time.

Some Relations Between the Stockholm and Tartu Observatories During the 19th Century

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Royal Swedish Academy ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractThis article introduces the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the old Stockholm Observatory. It focuses on the Swedish astronomers Jöns Svanberg and Nils H. Selander, and on their work with the Struve Geodetic Arc. The particular relations to the Tartu Observatory through Oskar Backlund and the contemporary Swedish astronomers in Stockholm are traced.

scholarly journals A Manuscript Anthology of the Resolutions of Church Congresses (Sobory) and Other Essays of the Filippovtsy in the Collection of the Wróblewski Library, Lithuanian Academy of Sciences

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
Nadežda Morozova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article analyzes the handwritten anthology of resolutions of church congresses (sobory), polemical letters, and other essays of the Filippovtsy, donated to the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (WLLAS, F19-331) in the autumn of 2018. The book contains 188 sheets; it is a manuscript convolute composed of several scattered “brochures,” written on different paper with different handwritings — the poluustav (semi-uncial) and the civil cursive of the 19th century. The study showed that the manuscript was created (more precisely, merged in one book (bound) from separate and multi-temporal documents) in the mid-1880s, most likely in Moscow, in the Filippovtsy concord center at Bratsky Dvor. The collection includes 34 texts (resolutions of 14 Filippovtsy church congresses as well as the most important polemical and dogmatic essays and letters of authoritative mentors and other figures of this Old Believer community). The earliest texts are dated to the 1810s, the most recent ones are from the mid-1880s, but not earlier than 1883.

History of formation and modern structure of the bryolological herbarium of the State Natural History Museum of the NAS of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Klymyshyn O. ◽  
Savytska A.
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural History Museum ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
History Museum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
History Of Formation

The history of formation of the bryological herbaria of the State Natural History Museum of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is considered. Many collectors and scientists-botanists took part in the formation of the main scientific fund of the bryological herbaria, among them A. Lazarenko, K. Ulychna, V. Melnichuk, M. Slobodian and others. The article contains a list of samples of bryophytes, which are included in the Red Book of Ukraine. Rare samples (including doublets and exsiccates) are described from territories of other countries, as well as specimens dating to the end of the 19th century.

Scientometrics view on scientific contacts of academician N.N. Yanenko

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Юрий Иванович Шокин ◽  
Владимир Борисович Барахнин
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Famous Mathematician ◽  
Socialist Labor ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century

В данной статье, посвященной столетию со дня рождения выдающегося советского математика и механика, академика АН СССР, Героя Социалистического Труда Николая Николаевича Яненко, представлен подробный анализ его научной генеалогии с использованием проекта “Математическая генеалогия”. Показано, что в научной генеалогии академика Н.Н. Яненко оказались перечислены имена наиболее выдающихся отечественных математиков XIX в., подавляющего большинства крупнейших математиков континентальной Европы XVII - второй половины XIX вв., а также выдающихся астрономов, физиков, медиков, философов, богословов православия, католицизма, англиканства и лютеранства. Кроме того, проанализировано научное сотрудничество Н.Н. Яненко, зафиксированное в Collaboration Distance Project. Установлено, что расстояние соавторства академика Н.Н. Яненко до наиболее известных математиков и физиков ХХ-XXI вв. составляет 3-5. The present work is devoted to the 100th anniversary of the distinguished Soviet specialist in mathematics and mechanics, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Hero of Socialist Labor Nikolai Nikolaevich Yanenko. A detailed analysis of N.N. Yanenko scientific genealogy using the “Mathematical genealogy” project is given. It is demonstrated that the scientific genealogy of N.N. Yanenko contains the name of the most prominent national mathematician of the 19th century, the majority of leading mathematician of the continental Europe of the 16th - 2nd half of the 19th centuries, as well as prominent astronomers, physicists, physicians, philosophers, theologians of the Eastern Orthodox Church, Catholicism, Anglicanism, Lutheranism. The scientific cooperation of N.N. Yanenko is analyzed using the Collaboration Distance Project. The co-authorship distance from N.N. Yanenko to the most famous mathematician and physicists of the 20th-21th centuries is computed to be equal to 3-5.

TEORIE SENZA ESPERIMENTI

Nuncius ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-193
Author(s):  
MARCO CIARDI
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
Atomic Theory ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Amedeo Avogadro ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Number Of Particles

Abstract<title> SUMMARY </title>Amedeo Avogadro is one of the most mentioned scientists in chemistry handbooks. But, strange to say, the evolution of his scientific thought is still unknown to many historians. Traditional historiography sees the basic Avogadro's law, «under the same physical conditions equal volumes of gases contain the same number of particles», in the context of John Dalton's atomic theory. On the contrary, the analysis of Avogadro's first works suggests new elements for a different and correct interpretation. It's an original perspective that shows how much the piedmontese scientist owes to the French physics of the first part of the 19th century, but, above all, his unusual way of being scientist.The manuscript entitled Considération sur la nature des substances connues sous le nom de sels métalliques et sur l'ordre de combinaisons auquel il parait le plus convenable de les rapporter, which was presented before the Academy of Sciences in Turin on the 6th of December 1804, is absolutely unpublished. Avogadro's second work from a chronological point of view, but the first one to deal with a chemical subject, the manuscript is written in a fairly clear handwriting. The text has been exactly reproduced without any alteration to the original draft.

scholarly journals The history of the formation and scientific processing of the malakological collection of the State Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Roman Gural ◽  
Nina Gural-Sverlova
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Current State ◽  
Typical Material ◽  
State Museum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century

The main stages of the formation of the malakological (conchological) collection of the museum from the 19th century to the present are described. Emphasized its connection with the scientific researches and educational work. A brief description of the current state of the collection, the presence of the typical material and the main goal of its further manning is formulated.

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