Actions of porcine pancreatic and Bacillus subtilis α-amylases and Aspergillus niger glucoamylase on phosphorylated

1983 ◽  
Vol 749 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhito Takeda ◽  
Susumu Hizukuri ◽  
Yoshiko Ozono ◽  
Minako Suetake
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger

Synthesis of Chalcones and Nucleosides Incorporating [1, 3, 4]Oxadiazolenone Core and Evaluation of their Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-679
Author(s):  
Alok K. Srivastava ◽  
Lokesh K. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Good Antibacterial Activity

Background: [1, 3, 4]oxadiazolenone core containing chalcones and nucleosides were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of a variety of benzaldehyde derivatives, obtained from oxidation of substituted 5-(3/6 substituted-4-Methylphenyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-one and various substituted acetophenone. The resultant chalcones were coupled with penta-O-acetylglucopyranose followed by deacetylation to get [1, 3, 4] oxadiazolenone core containing chalcones and nucleosides. Various analytical techniques viz IR, NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis were used to confirm the structure of the synthesised compounds.The compounds were targeted against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for antibacterial activity and Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum for antifungal activity. Methods: A mixture of Acid hydrazides (3.0 mmol) and N, Nʹ- carbonyl diimidazole (3.3 mmol) in 15 mL of dioxane was refluxed to afford substituted [1, 3, 4]-oxadiazole-2(3H)-one. The resulted [1, 3, 4]- oxadiazole-2(3H)-one (1.42 mmol) was oxidized with Chromyl chloride (1.5 mL) in 20 mL of carbon tetra chloride and condensed with acetophenones (1.42 mmol) to get chalcones 4. The equimolar ratio of obtained chalcones 4 and β -D-1,2,3,4,6- penta-O-acetylglucopyranose in presence of iodine was refluxed to get nucleosides 5. The [1, 3, 4] oxadiazolenone core containing chalcones 4 and nucleosides 5 were tested to determined minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value with the experimental procedure of Benson using disc-diffusion method. All compounds were tested at concentration of 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.62 mg/mL, 0.31 mg/mL and 0.15 mg/mL for antifungal activity against three strains of pathogenic fungi Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus), Aspergillus niger (A. niger) and Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) and for antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (E. coli), and two Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis(B. subtilis). Result: The chalcones 4 and nucleosides 5 were screened for antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and B. subtilis whereas antifungal activity against A. flavus, A. niger and F. oxysporum. Compounds 4a-t showed good antibacterial activity whereas compounds 5a-t containing glucose moiety showed better activity against fungi. The glucose moiety of compounds 5 helps to enter into the cell wall of fungi and control the cell growth. Conclusion: Chalcones 4 and nucleosides 5 incorporating [1, 3, 4] oxadiazolenone core were synthesized and characterized by various spectral techniques and elemental analysis. These compounds were evaluated for their antifungal activity against three fungi; viz. A. flavus, A. niger and F. oxysporum. In addition to this, synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria E. Coli and gram positive bacteria S. aureus, B. subtilis. Compounds 4a-t showed good antibacterial activity whereas 5a-t showed better activity against fungi.

scholarly journals Preparation and Antibacterial Activity of Some New 4-(2-Heterylidenehydrazinyl)-7-chloroquinoline Derivatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trong Duc Le ◽  
Ngoc Nam Pham ◽  
Tien Cong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Substituted Anilines ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Phenylhydrazine Hydrochloride ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
C Nmr

N-(4-Substituted phenyl)acetamides, which were prepared from acetic anhydride and p-substituted anilines, were utilized as precursors for reactions to Vilsmeier-Haack reagent to form 6-substituted-2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehydes 3a–c. Meanwhile, a similar reagent was applied to 1-[1-(4-substituted phenyl)ethylidene]-2-phenylhydrazines as substrates, which were synthesized from phenylhydrazine hydrochloride and p-substituted acetophenones, and 1,3-diarylpyrazole-4-carbaldehydes 3d–f were observed as a result. Reactions between the aldehydes 3a–f and 7-chloro-4-hydrazinylquinoline 2, obtained from reaction of 4,7-dichloroquinoline 1 and hydrazine hydrate, formed six new hydrazone compounds, namely, 4-{2-[(6-substituted-2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylidene]hydrazinyl}-7-chloroquinolines 4a–c and 4-(2-{[3-(4-substituted phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methylene}hydrazinyl)-7-chloroquinolines 4d–f. The chemical structures of all synthesized compounds were elucidated by the analysis of IR, 1H, 13C-NMR, and HRMS spectral data. Additionally, all of the synthesized hydrazones were evaluated in terms of cytotoxic activity against four strains of bacteria and four strains of fungus at several concentrations of substrates. As a result, three of them, 4a–c, possess the good ability as growth inhibitor of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger at the concentration of 25 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL, respectively, while compound 4e only shows a cytotoxic activity against Aspergillus niger at the concentration of 25 μg/mL.

Lysis and biological control of Aspergillus niger by Bacillus subtilis AF 1

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Podile ◽  
A. P. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Bacterial Cells

A biocontrol rhizobacterial strain of Bacillus subtilis AF 1 grown for 6 h was coinoculated with Aspergillus niger at different time intervals and microscopic observations revealed adherence of bacterial cells to the fungal mycelium. Bacterial cells multiplied in situ and colonized the mycelial surface. Growth of AF 1 resulted in damage to the cell wall, followed by lysis. AF 1 inoculation into media containing A. niger at 0, 6, and 12 h suppressed >90% fungal growth, while in 18- and 24-h cultures fungal growth inhibition was 70 and 56%, respectively, in terms of dry weight. In dual culture the fungal growth was not accompanied by formation of spores. The mycelial preparation of A. niger as principal carbon source supported the growth of B. subtilis, as much as chitin. Extracellular protein precipitate from B. subtilis culture filtrate had a significant growth-retarding effect on A. niger. Groundnut seeds bacterized with B. subtilis showed a reduced incidence of crown rot in A. niger infested soil, suggesting a possible role of B. subtilis in biological control of A. niger.Key words: mycolytic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, biological control.

scholarly journals PERBAIKAN MUTU BUNGKIL KOPRA MELALUI BIOPROCESSING UNTUK BAHAN PAKAN IKAN BANDENG

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Neltje Nobertine Palinggi ◽  
Usman Usman ◽  
Kamaruddin Kamaruddin ◽  
Asda Laining
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

Bungkil kopra adalah hasil ikutan dari ekstraksi minyak dari daging buah kelapa kering yang masih mengandung protein sekitar 16%-18% dan berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan pakan ikan. Faktor pembatas penggunaan bungkil kopra adalah kualitas nutrisi yang rendah antara lain karena kandungan lemak kasarnya agak tinggi dan mudah tengik sehingga perlu peningkatan ketersediaan biologisnya melalui fermentasi menggunakan mikroorganisme. Mikroba yang digunakan terdiri atas (A) Aspergillus niger, (B) Saccharomyces cereviceae, (C) Rhizopus sp., dan (D) Bacillus subtilis. Bungkil kopra yang sudah difermentasi kemudian dikeringkan dan ditepungkan, lalu dilakukan analisis proksimat, uji ketengikan dengan menentukan bilangan peroksidanya, dan komposisi asam aminonya. Juga dilakukan analisis kecernaannya untuk ikan bandeng ukuran sekitar 50 g dengan metode marker menggunakan krom oksida (Cr2O3). Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh fermentasi dapat meningkatkan kandungan protein bungkil kopra 21%-42% dan menurunkan kandungan lemak dan serat kasarnya masing-masing 50% dan 27% pada fermentasi menggunakan Rhizophus sp., serta menurunkan bilangan peroksida 10%-47%. Nilai koefisien kecernaan protein dan lemak bungkil kopra yang difermentasi dengan Rhizopus sp., A. niger, dan S. cereviceae lebih tinggi masing-masing 10%-11% dan 9%-13% dibanding bungkil kopra yang difermentasi dengan B. subtilis dan tanpa fermentasi. Bungkil kopra hasil fermentasi dengan Rhizopus  sp. mengalami peningkatan kualitas nutrisi yang terbaik untuk bahan pakan ikan bandeng.

scholarly journals Carbonate and Oxalate Crystallization by Interaction of Calcite Marble with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus subtilis–Aspergillus niger Association

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Katerina V. Sazanova (nee Barinova) ◽  
Olga V. Frank-Kamenetskaya ◽  
Dmitry Yu. Vlasov ◽  
Marina S. Zelenskaya ◽  
Alexey D. Vlasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Humidity Chamber ◽  
Acidification Activity

Rock surfaces in natural systems are inhabited by multispecies communities of microorganisms. The biochemical activity of microorganisms and the patterns of microbial crystallization in these communities are mostly unexplored. Patterns of calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate crystallization induced by bacteria Bacillus subtilis and by B. subtilis together with Aspergillus niger on marble surface in vitro in liquid medium and in humidity chamber—were studied. Phase identification was supported by XRD, SEM, EDXS; metabolite composition was determined by GC–MS. It was found that the activity of B. subtilis–A. niger associations significantly differ from the activity of B. subtilis monocultures in the same trophic conditions. The phase composition and the morphology of the forming crystals are determined by the composition of the metabolites excreted by the microorganisms—particularly by the ratio of the concentrations of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and oxalic acid in the medium. The acidification activity of micromycetes may suppress the formation of bacterial EPS and prevent the formation of calcite. The present results can be used in the development of biotechnologies using microbial communities.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Containing Sulfur Heterocyclic Curcumin Derivatives

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Dunjia Wang ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Dunjia Wang ◽  
Heng Lyu ◽  
Hengyi Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Curcumin Derivatives ◽  
Tube Dilution Method ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Tube Dilution

Eight novel containing sulfur heterocyclic curcumins were synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR and MS spectroscopy. Their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger were also tested for MIC by using serial tube dilution method. The results showed that the antimicrobial activities of synthesized curcumin derivatives were better than curcumin. Especially, the compound 4-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,7-di(thiophen-2-yl) hepta-1,6-diene-3,5- dione (2g) exhibited excellent the antimicrobial activities among these curcumin derivatives.

scholarly journals Pengaruh perbedaan mikroorganisme dan suhu pada kandungan serat jerami padi fermentasi

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Y. Yanti ◽  
Y. Kawamoto ◽  
T. Miyagi ◽  
B. Rahmi ◽  
Surahmanto Surahmanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Hemicellulose Content ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Key Words Rice

The aim of this research was to determine the NDF and ADF content of rice straw<br />fermented with several types of microorganism at different temperatures. Rice straw was<br />obtained from rice fields in Ishigaki District, Okinawa, Japan. The types of microbes used<br />were Lactobacillus fermentum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulant Saccharomyces<br />cerevisiae, and Aspergillus niger. The mainplot was temperature (25, 35, 45°C) and the<br />subplot was microorganism. Each treatment has 3 replications. There were two groups for<br />controls, i.e. the control without molasses and the control with molasses. The rice straw<br />fermented within 3 weeks. The ADF content in all temperature treatments showed that S.<br />cerevisiae and A. niger treatments were higher (P&lt;0.01) than that in other microorganism<br />treatments. Hemicellulose content in S. cerevisiae and A. niger were tend to lower (P&lt;0.01)<br />compare to others microorganism treatments in all temperature treatments. The lowest<br />hemicelluloses content of fermented rice straw are showed by S. cerevisiae and A. niger at<br />45°C. These finding suggested that the ADF content were high in S. cerevisiae and A. niger<br />treatments, but showed decrease in hemicellulose and increase in cellulose and lignin.<br />Key words: rice straw, fermentation, ADF, NDF

scholarly journals Pengaruh perbedaan mikroorganisme dan suhu pada kandungan serat jerami padi fermentasi

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Y. Yanti ◽  
Y. Kawamoto ◽  
T. Miyagi ◽  
B. Rahmi ◽  
Surahmanto Surahmanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Hemicellulose Content ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Key Words Rice

The aim of this research was to determine the NDF and ADF content of rice straw<br />fermented with several types of microorganism at different temperatures. Rice straw was<br />obtained from rice fields in Ishigaki District, Okinawa, Japan. The types of microbes used<br />were Lactobacillus fermentum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulant Saccharomyces<br />cerevisiae, and Aspergillus niger. The mainplot was temperature (25, 35, 45°C) and the<br />subplot was microorganism. Each treatment has 3 replications. There were two groups for<br />controls, i.e. the control without molasses and the control with molasses. The rice straw<br />fermented within 3 weeks. The ADF content in all temperature treatments showed that S.<br />cerevisiae and A. niger treatments were higher (P&lt;0.01) than that in other microorganism<br />treatments. Hemicellulose content in S. cerevisiae and A. niger were tend to lower (P&lt;0.01)<br />compare to others microorganism treatments in all temperature treatments. The lowest<br />hemicelluloses content of fermented rice straw are showed by S. cerevisiae and A. niger at<br />45°C. These finding suggested that the ADF content were high in S. cerevisiae and A. niger<br />treatments, but showed decrease in hemicellulose and increase in cellulose and lignin.<br />Key words: rice straw, fermentation, ADF, NDF

scholarly journals Study on the extraction and antibacterial activity of Monascin

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 02061
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Gao ◽  
Xiaoshi Lu ◽  
Zifeng Wang ◽  
Guangpeng Liu ◽  
Xinjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extraction ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect

Taking monascin as the research object, monascin was extracted from red kojic rice by ethanol extraction and extracted with 60%, 70% and 80% ethanol respectively. Finally, it was concluded that when the concentration of ethanol was 70%, the extraction rate of monascin was the highest, reached 75.68%. The bacteriostatic experiments of monascin extract and monascin fermentation showed that it had strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, weak inhibitory ability on Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger, and no obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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