The Role of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases in Revision Spine Surgery

2022 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Paul A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Bone Diseases

scholarly journals The Role of BMP Signaling in Osteoclast Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Brian Heubel ◽  
Anja Nohe
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Federal Drug Administration ◽  
Bmp Pathway ◽  
Stimulation Of

The osteogenic effects of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) were delineated in 1965 when Urist et al. showed that BMPs could induce ectopic bone formation. In subsequent decades, the effects of BMPs on bone formation and maintenance were established. BMPs induce proliferation in osteoprogenitor cells and increase mineralization activity in osteoblasts. The role of BMPs in bone homeostasis and repair led to the approval of BMP2 by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) to increase the bone formation in the treated area. However, the use of BMP2 for treatment of degenerative bone diseases such as osteoporosis is still uncertain as patients treated with BMP2 results in the stimulation of not only osteoblast mineralization, but also osteoclast absorption, leading to early bone graft subsidence. The increase in absorption activity is the result of direct stimulation of osteoclasts by BMP2 working synergistically with the RANK signaling pathway. The dual effect of BMPs on bone resorption and mineralization highlights the essential role of BMP-signaling in bone homeostasis, making it a putative therapeutic target for diseases like osteoporosis. Before the BMP pathway can be utilized in the treatment of osteoporosis a better understanding of how BMP-signaling regulates osteoclasts must be established.

The emerging role of Interleukin 37 in bone homeostasis and inflammatory bone diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 107803
Author(s):  
Peiyao Wu ◽  
Jieyu Zhou ◽  
Yafei Wu ◽  
Lei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Bone Homeostasis

scholarly journals Obesity and Spine Surgery: A Qualitative Review About Outcomes and Complications. Is It Time for New Perspectives on Future Researches?

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822110223
Author(s):  
Fabio Cofano ◽  
Giuseppe Di Perna ◽  
Daria Bongiovanni ◽  
Vittoria Roscigno ◽  
Bianca Maria Baldassarre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Lumbar Surgery ◽  
Operative Care ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Proper Weight ◽  
Level 2

Study Design: Literature review. Objectives: An increasing number of obese patients requires operative care for degenerative spinal disorders. The aim of this review is to analyze the available evidence regarding the role of obesity on outcomes after spine surgery. Peri-operative complications and clinical results are evaluated for both cervical and lumbar surgery. Furthermore, the contribution of MIS techniques for lumbar surgery to play a role in reducing risks has been analyzed. Methods: Only articles published in English in the last 10 years were reviewed. Inclusion criteria of the references were based on the scope of this review, according to PRISMA guidelines. Moreover, only paper analyzing obesity-related complications in spine surgery have been selected and thoroughly reviewed. Each article was classified according to its rating of evidence using the Sacket Grading System. Results: A total number of 1636 articles were found, but only 130 of them were considered to be relevant after thorough evaluation and according to PRISMA checklist. The majority of the included papers were classified according to the Sacket Grading System as Level 2 (Retrospective Studies). Conclusion: Evidence suggest that obese patients could benefit from spine surgery and outcomes be satisfactory. A higher rate of peri-operative complications is reported among obese patients, especially in posterior approaches. The use of MIS techniques plays a key role in order to reduce surgical risks. Further studies should evaluate the role of multidisciplinary counseling between spine surgeons, nutritionists and bariatric surgeons, in order to plan proper weight loss before elective spine surgery.

The role of spine surgery in the care of SMA patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 83/116 (Suppl2) ◽  
pp. 2S41-2S44
Author(s):  
Michal Barna ◽  
Jan Štulík
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery

Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Remodeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 859-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Liu ◽  
Y. Sun ◽  
Q. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Molecules

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as nanometer-scale particles, include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs are released by most cell types, such as bone marrow stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and immune cells. In bone-remodeling microenvironments, EVs deliver specific proteins (e.g., tenascin C and Sema4D), microRNAs (e.g., miR-214-3p, miR-183-5p, and miR-196a), and other growth factors (e.g., bone morphogenetic protein 1 to 7 and transforming growth factor β1) to osteoblasts and regulate bone formation. In addition, EVs can deliver cytokines, such as RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB) and RANKL (RANK ligand), and microRNAs, such as miR-218 and miR-148a, to modulate osteoclast differentiation during bone resorption. EVs also transfer bioactive molecules and have targeted therapies in bone-related diseases. Moreover, bioactive molecules in EVs are biomarkers in bone-related diseases. We highlight the emerging role of EVs in bone remodeling during physiologic and pathologic conditions and summarize the role of EVs in tooth development and regeneration. At the end of this review, we discuss the challenges of EV application in the treatment of bone diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document