scholarly journals Endothelin-1 regulation of immediate early gene expression in cardiac myocytes: negative feedback regulation of interleukin 6 by Atf3 and Klf2

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Clerk ◽  
Timothy E. Cullingford ◽  
Stephen J. Fuller ◽  
Alejandro Giraldo ◽  
Peter H. Sugden
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Negative Feedback Regulation ◽  
Early Gene Expression ◽  
Endothelin 1

scholarly journals Feedback regulation by Atf3 in the endothelin-1-responsive transcriptome of cardiomyocytes: Egr1 is a principal Atf3 target

2012 ◽  
Vol 444 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Giraldo ◽  
Oliver P. T. Barrett ◽  
Marcus J. Tindall ◽  
Stephen J. Fuller ◽  
Emre Amirak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Immediate Early Genes ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Negative Feedback Regulation ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Early Genes

Endothelin-1 promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by inducing changes in gene expression. Immediate early genes including Atf3 (activating transcription factor 3), Egr1 (early growth response 1) and Ptgs2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2) are rapi-dly and transiently up-regulated by endothelin-1 in cardiomyocytes. Atf3 regulates the expression of downstream genes and is implicated in negative feedback regulation of other immediate early genes. To identify Atf3-regulated genes, we knocked down Atf3 expression in cardiomyocytes exposed to endothelin-1 and used microarrays to interrogate the transcriptomic effects. The expression of 23 mRNAs (including Egr1 and Ptgs2) was enhanced and the expression of 25 mRNAs was inhibited by Atf3 knockdown. Using quantitative PCR, we determined that knockdown of Atf3 had little effect on up-regulation of Egr1 mRNA over 30 min, but abolished the subsequent decline, causing sustained Egr1 mRNA expression and enhanced protein expression. This resulted from direct binding of Atf3 to the Egr1 promoter. Mathematical modelling established that Atf3 can suffice to suppress Egr1 expression. Given the widespread co-regulation of Atf3 with Egr1, we suggest that the Atf3–Egr1 negative feedback loop is of general significance. Loss of Atf3 caused abnormal cardiomyocyte growth, presumably resulting from the dysregulation of target genes. The results of the present study therefore identify Atf3 as a nexus in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy required to facilitate the full and proper growth response.

Phylogenetic relatedness and immediate early gene expression in black-capped chickadees

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Sturdy ◽  
Marc T. Avey ◽  
Laurie L. Bloomfield ◽  
Julie E. Elie ◽  
Todd M. Freeberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immediate Early Gene ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
Early Gene Expression

scholarly journals Control of adenovirus early gene expression: A class of immediate early products

Cell ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Lewis ◽  
Michael B. Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Early Gene Expression
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