Land cover associations of wild bees visiting flowers in apple orchards across three geographic regions of southeast Australia

2022 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 107717
Author(s):  
Julian Brown ◽  
Scott V.C. Groom ◽  
Romina Rader ◽  
Katja Hogendoorn ◽  
Saul A. Cunningham
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Földesi ◽  
Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki ◽  
Ádám Kőrösi ◽  
László Somay ◽  
Zoltán Elek ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
V. Samoilenko ◽  
V. Plaskalnyi

In order to progress previously proposed interoperable for Ukrainian and all-European approaches procedure of anthropization extent analysis for Ukrainian landscapes, new operating scale of anthropization extent for physical-geographic taxons of Ukraine was substantiated and developed. The operating scale of anthropization extent relies, first of all, on created geoinformation basis, which is accessible for area of examination selected for the scale realization. Such area consists of physical-geographic regions and districts as plain landscape aggregations for zones of mixed and broad-leaved forests and forest-steppe. The geoinformation basis was organized by application and appropriate processing of up-to-date open digital spatial data sources. These sources contain, in particular, interactive raster land cover maps of European Space Agency (2015) and National Geomatics Center of China (2011), data of cartographic web-service OpenStreetMap, subject raster electronic maps collected in the National Atlas of Ukraine and other representative sources. There were stated peculiarities of development and implementation for the operating scale of anthropization extent, which embodies 55 operating land use and/or land cover (LULC) systems causing determinate anthropization extent, presented by corresponding to mentioned systems categories and indexes. Initial verifying realization of the anthropization extent operating scale was executed for the examination area, namely for its 25 physical-geographic regions, considering 130 physical-geographic districts, which form these regions. Realization of the scale proved, for the first, overall for examination area unfavorable geoecological situation in land use. Under such situation most of investigated regions and districts are indicated by categories of moderate-great and great anthropization (or β-euhemerobic and α-euhemerobic degree). For the second, there was constructed classed choropleth of anthropization extent categories’ fields, which were simulated for 1 km grid. For the third, there were typified percent distributions by regions for total LULC systems’ areas according to categories of these systems defined by their geoecological favorableness / unfavorableness (or degree of naturalness). Verifying-analogous comparison obtained model anthropization indicators with adequate representative foreign European results (concerning Germany and plain territory of central and west parts of Europe on the whole) proved their coincidence by content. All these jointly verify the objectivity of tools, proposed for model assessment of anthropization extent, and implementation validity of these tools. Prospects for further research were defined, aimed at detailed anthropization extent analysis, first of all by analysis of anthropization extent categories’ fields within physical-geographic districts especially by application of appropriate quasi-spectra and cumulative curves for anthropization indexes and areas.


2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Lowenstein ◽  
A. S. Huseth ◽  
R. L. Groves

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3482
Author(s):  
Evelyn Uuemaa ◽  
Sander Ahi ◽  
Bruno Montibeller ◽  
Merle Muru ◽  
Alexander Kmoch

Freely available global digital elevation models (DEMs) are important inputs for many research fields and applications. During the last decade, several global DEMs have been released based on satellite data. ASTER and SRTM are the most widely used DEMs, but the more recently released, AW3D30, TanDEM-X and MERIT, are being increasingly used. Many researchers have studied the quality of these DEM products in recent years. However, there has been no comprehensive and systematic evaluation of their quality over areas with variable topography and land cover conditions. To provide this comparison, we examined the accuracy of six freely available global DEMs (ASTER, AW3D30, MERIT, TanDEM-X, SRTM, and NASADEM) in four geographic regions with different topographic and land use conditions. We used local high-precision elevation models (Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), Pleiades-1A) as reference models and all global models were resampled to reference model resolution (1m). In total, 608 million 1x1 m pixels were analyzed. To estimate the accuracy, we generated error rasters by subtracting each reference model from the corresponding global DEM and calculated descriptive statistics for this difference (e.g., median, mean, root-mean-square error (RMSE)). We also assessed the vertical accuracy as a function of the slope, slope aspect, and land cover. We found that slope had the strongest effect on DEM accuracy, with no relationship for slope aspect. The AW3D30 was the most robust and had the most stable performance in most of the tests and is therefore the best choice for an analysis of multiple geographic regions. SRTM and NASADEM also performed well where available, whereas NASADEM, as a successor of SRTM, showed only slight improvement in comparison to SRTM. MERIT and TanDEM-X also performed well despite their lower spatial resolution.


2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Horton ◽  
Eugene R. Miliczky ◽  
Vincent P. Jones ◽  
Callie C. Baker ◽  
Thomas R. Unruh

AbstractPredatory insects and spiders were collected from apple orchards in two geographic regions of Central Washington State, United States of America to assess seasonal phenology and diversity of the generalist predator community. Arthropods were collected from orchard canopy every 3–7 days over two growing seasons (March–October) at seven organically managed and two insecticide-free orchards. Over 35 000 specimens and 80 species of spiders (Araneae), ladybeetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), lacewings (Neuroptera), and predatory true bugs (Hemiptera) were collected. Composition of insect and spider communities differed between the two geographic regions. Indicator species analysis identified several species that had a significant association with one of the two regions. Counts of the most common taxa were examined in detail on a calendar date basis to determine seasonal phenology of adult and immature stages. We observed substantial differences among taxa in number of generations, seasonal timing of first appearance in orchards, overwintering stages, and seasonal occurrence of the adult and immature life stages in orchards. Understanding seasonal phenology of natural enemies in orchards is a core requirement in integrated pest management programs for apple pests, and results of this study provide this information for the generalist predator community of orchards in the Pacific Northwest.


Author(s):  
Vivien von Königslöw ◽  
Felix Fornoff ◽  
Alexandra-Maria Klein

AbstractIn intensive agricultural landscapes semi-natural habitats for pollinators are often limited, although willingness to establish pollinator habitat is increasing among farmers. A common pollinator enhancement measure is to provide flower strips, but existent or improved hedgerows might be more effective. In this study, we compare the effectiveness of three pollinator enhancement measures at edges of conventional apple orchards: (i) perennial flower strips, (ii) existent hedgerows, and (iii) existent hedgerows complemented with a sown herb layer. We used orchard edges without any enhancement as control. The study took place over three consecutive years in Southern Germany. Wild bee abundance and species richness were highest in flower strips followed by improved hedges. Hoverflies were also most abundant in flower strips, but not more species rich than at control sites. Wild bee but not hoverfly community composition differed between control and enhancement sites. The overall pollinator community included only few threatened or specialized species. Flower abundance was the main driver for wild bee diversity, whereas hoverflies were largely unaffected by floral resources. Pollinator enhancement had neither an effect on the abundance or species richness within the orchards nor on apple flower visitation. Perennial flower strips seem most effective to enhance wild bees in intensive agricultural landscapes. Additionally, flower-rich hedgerows should be promoted to complement flower strips by extending the flowering period and to increase connectivity of pollinator habitat in agricultural landscapes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-820
Author(s):  
Lena G. Caesar ◽  
Marie Kerins

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral language, literacy skills, age, and dialect density (DD) of African American children residing in two different geographical regions of the United States (East Coast and Midwest). Method Data were obtained from 64 African American school-age children between the ages of 7 and 12 years from two geographic regions. Children were assessed using a combination of standardized tests and narrative samples elicited from wordless picture books. Bivariate correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to determine relationships to and relative contributions of oral language, literacy, age, and geographic region to DD. Results Results of correlation analyses demonstrated a negative relationship between DD measures and children's literacy skills. Age-related findings between geographic regions indicated that the younger sample from the Midwest outscored the East Coast sample in reading comprehension and sentence complexity. Multiple regression analyses identified five variables (i.e., geographic region, age, mean length of utterance in morphemes, reading fluency, and phonological awareness) that accounted for 31% of the variance of children's DD—with geographic region emerging as the strongest predictor. Conclusions As in previous studies, the current study found an inverse relationship between DD and several literacy measures. Importantly, geographic region emerged as a strong predictor of DD. This finding highlights the need for a further study that goes beyond the mere description of relationships to comparing geographic regions and specifically focusing on racial composition, poverty, and school success measures through direct data collection.


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