scholarly journals Long-term management drives divergence in soil microbial biomass, richness, and composition among upper Midwest, USA cropping systems

2022 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 107718
Author(s):  
Teal S. Potter ◽  
Léa Vereecke ◽  
Richard A. Lankau ◽  
Gregg R. Sanford ◽  
Erin M. Silva ◽  
...  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall D. McDaniel ◽  
A. Stuart Grandy

Abstract. Agriculture-driven declines in plant biodiversity reduce soil microbial biomass, alter microbial functions, and threaten the provisioning of soil ecosystem services. We examined whether increasing temporal plant biodiversity (by rotating crops) can partially reverse these trends and enhance microbial biomass and function. We quantified seasonal patterns in soil microbial biomass, respiration rates, extracellular enzyme activity, and catabolic potential three times over one growing season in a 12-year crop rotation study at the W.K. Kellogg Biological Station LTER. Rotation treatments varied from one to five crops in a three-year rotation cycle, but all soils were sampled under corn to isolate historical rotation effects from current crop effects. Inorganic N, the stoichiometry of microbial biomass and dissolved organic C and N varied seasonally, likely reflecting fluctuations in soil resources during the growing season. Soils from biodiverse cropping systems increased microbial biomass C by 28–112 % and N by 18–58 % compared to monoculture corn. Rotations increased potential C mineralization by as much as 64 %, and potential N mineralization by 62 %, and both were related to substantially higher hydrolase and lower oxidase enzyme activities. The catabolic potential of the microbial community, assessed with community-level physiological profiling, showed that microbial communities in monoculture corn preferentially used simple substrates like carboxylic acids, relative to more diverse cropping systems. By isolating plant biodiversity from differences in fertilization and tillage, our study illustrates that crop biodiversity has overarching effects on soil microbial biomass and function that last throughout the growing season. In simplified agricultural systems, relatively small increases in plant biodiversity have a large impact on microbial community size and function.


2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elcio L. Balota ◽  
Ines F. Yada ◽  
Higo Amaral ◽  
Andre S. Nakatani ◽  
Richard P. Dick ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mühlbachová ◽  
P. Tlustoš

The effects of liming by CaO and CaCO<sub>3</sub> on soil microbial characteristics were studied during laboratory incubation of long-term contaminated arable and grassland soils from the vicinity of lead smelter near Př&iacute;bram (Czech Republic). The CaO treatment showed significant negative effects on soil microbial biomass C and its respiratory activity in both studied soils, despite the fact that microbial biomass C in the grassland soil increased sharply during the first day of incubation. The metabolic quotient (qCO<sub>2</sub>) in soils amended by CaO showed greater values than the control from the second day of incubation, indicating a possible stress of soil microbial pool. The vulnerability of organic matter to CaO could be indicated by the availability of K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon that increased sharply, particularly at the beginning of the experiment. The amendment of soils by CaCO<sub>3 </sub>moderately increased the soil microbial biomass. The respiratory activity and qCO<sub>2</sub> increased sharply during the first day of incubation, however it is not possible to ascribe them only to microbial activities, but also to CaCO<sub>3</sub> decomposition in hydrogen carbonates, water and CO<sub>2</sub>. The pH values increased more sharply under CaO treatment in comparison to CaCO<sub>3</sub> treatment. The improvement of soil pH by CaCO<sub>3</sub> could be therefore more convenient for soil microbial communities.


2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Turner ◽  
Hans Lambers ◽  
Leo M. Condron ◽  
Michael D. Cramer ◽  
Jonathan R. Leake ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian A. Rincon-Florez ◽  
Yash P. Dang ◽  
Mark H. Crawford ◽  
Peer M. Schenk ◽  
Lilia C. Carvalhais

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
. Dermiyati ◽  
Eva Firdaus ◽  
Muhajir Utomo ◽  
Mas Achmad Syamsul Arif ◽  
Sutopo Ghani Nugroho

This research aimed to study the soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) under maize plant after a long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer and tillage systems (at the 37th growing season). The treatments were arranged in a factorial (3x3) in a randomized completely block design with 3 replications. The first factor was tillage systems, namely intensive tillage (IT) system, minimum tillage (MT) system, and no tillage (NT) system, and the second factor was the long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer, namely 0, 100, and 200 kg N ha-1. Data were analyzed using an orthogonal contrast test and a correlation test between SMBC and organic-C, total-N, and pH of the soil. The results showed that, in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of maize plant, MT system increased the SMBC compared to NT and IT systems. However, application of long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer did not increase the SMBC. Nevertheless, fertilizer application of 100 kg N ha-1 increased the SMBC compare to 200 kg N ha-1.Furthermore, the combination of MT system and 100 kg N ha-1 could increase the SMBC compared to the other combined treatment between tillage systems and N fertilization doses. The SMBC was higher in the rhizosphere than in non-rhizosphere of maize plant.Keywords: Non-rhizosphere, rhizosphere, soil microbial biomass carbon, tillage systems


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