Methods to estimate evapotranspiration in humid and subtropical climate conditions

Abstract Studies on adaptation to the cultivation site are necessary for the recommendation of new cultivars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenological development, productivity and fruit quality of eight blueberry cultivars from the rabbiteye group (Aliceblue, Bluebelle, Bluegem, Briteblue, Climax, Delite, Powderblue and Woodard) and two from the highbush group (Georgiagem and O’Neal) under humid subtropical conditions in the 2012/2013, 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 cycles. Beginning and end of flowering, beginning and end of harvesting, fruit set, production, mass, diameter, pH, content of soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio and coloring were evaluated. The evaluated cultivars presented flowering in the period from July to September, concentrating harvest in the months of November and December. The highest fruit set was observed in Delite, Climax, Briteblue and Powderblue cultivars. There were differences among cultivars regarding fruit mass, size, pH, content of soluble solids and acidity. The results showed that the cultivars exhibited blue color with few variations over the evaluation years. Cultivars with the best productive performance under humid subtropical climate conditions are Bluegem, Delite, Climax and Powderblue.

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Numerical Climatic Analysis of Soybean Development in Sowing Dates in Humid Subtropical Climate

Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia ◽

10.1590/0102-77863620131 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mateus Possebon Bortoluzzi ◽

Arno Bernardo Heldwein ◽

Roberto Trentin ◽

Ivan Carlos Maldaner ◽

Jocélia Rosa da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meteorological Data ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Cycle Duration ◽

Subtropical Climate ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Development Cycle ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Climatological Station ◽

The Mean ◽

Santa Maria

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the mean duration and the interannual variability of phenological subperiods and total soybean development cycle for 11 sowing dates in the humid subtropical climate conditions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Daily meteorological data were used from 1971 to 2017 obtained from the Pelotas agroclimatological station and from 1968 to 2017 from the main climatological station of Santa Maria. The soybean development simulation was performed considering three sets of cultivars of relative maturity groups between 5.9-6.8, 6.9-7.3 and 7.4-8.0, with intervals between the sowing dates of approximately 10 days, comprising September, 21 to December, 31. The data of phenological subperiods duration and total development cycle were subjected to the exploratory analysis BoxPlot, analysis of variance and mean comparison by the Scott-Knott test, with 5% of probability. The development cycle duration is greater in Pelotas than in Santa Maria. There was a decrease in soybean cycle duration from the first to the last sowing date for both locations. The R1-R5 subperiod duration is decreasing from October to December due to photoperiod reduction.

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Modeling Green Roof Potential to Mitigate Urban Flooding in a Chinese City

Water ◽

10.3390/w12082082 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2082 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Li Liu ◽

Liwei Sun ◽

Jie Niu ◽

William J. Riley

Keyword(s):

Green Roof ◽

Water System ◽

Green Roofs ◽

Subtropical Climate ◽

Urban Flooding ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Roof System ◽

Groundwater Levels ◽

Rain Season ◽

Peak Runoff

The Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) region, which has humid subtropical climate conditions and unique plum rain season, is characterized by a simultaneous high-frequency urban flooding and reduction in groundwater levels. Retrofitting the existing buildings into green roofs is a promising approach to combat urban flooding, especially for a densely developed city. Here, the application potential of the Green Roof System (GRS) and the Improved Green Roof System (IGRS) designed to divert overflowing water from green roofs to recharge groundwater were analyzed in a densely developed city, Nanchang, China. For the first time, the influence of GRS on the hydraulic condition of Combined Sewage System/Storm Water System (CSS/SWS) is analyzed, which is a direct reflection of the effect of GRS on alleviating urban flooding. The simulation results show that GRS can retain about 41–75% of precipitation in a 2-hour timescale and the flooding volumes in the GRS/IGRS region are 82% and 28% less than those of the Traditional Roof System (TRS) in 10- and 100-yr precipitation events, respectively. In the continuous simulations, GRS also enhances Evapotranspiration (ET), which accounts for 39% of annual precipitation, so that reduces the cumulative surface runoff. Considering the IGRS can provide more hydrological benefits than the GRS under the same climate conditions, we may conclude that the widespread implementation of both the GRS and the IGRS in Nanchang and other densely developed cities in the MLRYR region could significantly reduce surface and peak runoff rates.

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Energy Audit and Analysis of an Institutional Building under Subtropical Climate

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) ◽

10.11591/ijece.v8i2.pp845-852 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 845 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yazed Yasin Ghadi ◽

Ali M. Baniyounes

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Subtropical Climate ◽

University Campus ◽

Energy Usage ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

And Performance ◽

Heating And Cooling Load

<p>Evaluation and estimation of energy consumption are essential in order to classify the amount of energy used and the way it is utilized in building. Hence, the possibility of any energy savings potential and energy savings opportunities can be identified. The intention of this article is to study and evaluate energy usage pattern of the Central Queensland University campus’ buildings, Queensland, Australia. This article presents the field survey results from the audit of an office building and performance-related measurements of the indoor environmental parameters, for instance, indoor air temperature, humidity and energy consumption concerned to the indoor heating and cooling load. Monthly observed energy usage information was employed to investigate influence of the climate conditions on energy usage.</p>

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Experimental investigation of solar compound parabolic collector using Al2O3/H2O nanofluid in a subtropical climate

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci191207201a ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 201-201

Author(s):

Faria Akhtar ◽

Muzaffar Ali ◽

Nadeem Sheikh ◽

Muhammad Shehryar

Keyword(s):

Base Fluid ◽

Concentration Ratio ◽

Heat Transfer Fluid ◽

Subtropical Climate ◽

Solar Concentrator ◽

Acceptance Angle ◽

Flow Rates ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Medium Range ◽

Parabolic Collector

Different solar concentrator technologies are used for low-medium range temperature applications. In this paper, a non-tracking compound parabolic collector with a nanofluid is experimentally analyzed under real climate conditions of a typical sub-tropical climate Taxila, Pakistan. The collector used for the experimentation has concentration ratio of 4.17, collector area of 0.828 m2 and half acceptance angle of 24?. The heat transfer fluid used for the study is water based nanofluid with particles of Al2O3. The investigation is carried out at three different volumetric concentrations (0.025%, 0.05%,0.075%) of nanofluids at flowrates of 0.01 kg/s, 0.02 kg/s, 0.05 kg/s and 0.07 kg/s are compared with base fluid (water). Comparison of system thermal efficiency, solar heat gain, and temperature difference is presented for different selected days in real climate conditions during months of March to May. It is observed that performance of the compound parabolic collector is improved by 8%, 11%, 14% and 19%, respectively at considered flow rates compared to water.

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