Fungal root colonization and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity in soils of grasslands with different mowing intensities

ABSTRACT The impact of land use intensity on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was investigated at eight sites in the “three-country corner” of France, Germany, and Switzerland. Three sites were low-input, species-rich grasslands. Two sites represented low- to moderate-input farming with a 7-year crop rotation, and three sites represented high-input continuous maize monocropping. Representative soil samples were taken, and the AMF spores present were morphologically identified and counted. The same soil samples also served as inocula for “AMF trap cultures” with Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium pratense, and Lolium perenne. These trap cultures were established in pots in a greenhouse, and AMF root colonization and spore formation were monitored over 8 months. For the field samples, the numbers of AMF spores and species were highest in the grasslands, lower in the low- and moderate-input arable lands, and lowest in the lands with intensive continuous maize monocropping. Some AMF species occurred at all sites (“generalists”); most of them were prevalent in the intensively managed arable lands. Many other species, particularly those forming sporocarps, appeared to be specialists for grasslands. Only a few species were specialized on the arable lands with crop rotation, and only one species was restricted to the high-input maize sites. In the trap culture experiment, the rate of root colonization by AMF was highest with inocula from the permanent grasslands and lowest with those from the high-input monocropping sites. In contrast, AMF spore formation was slowest with the former inocula and fastest with the latter inocula. In conclusion, the increased land use intensity was correlated with a decrease in AMF species richness and with a preferential selection of species that colonized roots slowly but formed spores rapidly.

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Yield and Rhizosphere - microflora of Cowpea in Response to Magnesium Fertilization in Lateritic Soils of Kerala

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-4554 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

V.P. Soniya ◽

P.S. Bhindhu

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Nitrogen Fixing ◽

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽

Free Living ◽

Spore Count ◽

Lateritic Soils ◽

Magnesium Uptake

Background: Magnesium deficiency has become a major nutritional disorder in lateritic soils of Kerala. Appropriate magnesium fertilization is the best strategy to combat deficiency issues. Apart from correcting nutritional deficiency, magnesium fertilization has an influence on the growth of beneficial microbes such as nitrogen fixing bacterias and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The experiment aimed to investigate the effect of magnesium fertilization on crop yield and population rhizosphere micoflora of cowpea in lateritic soils of Kerala.Methods: A pot culture experiment was conducted with a gradient of magnesium additions ranging from 5 mg kg-1 to 80 mg kg-1 of soil along with recommended dose of fertilizers. Population of rhizobium, free living nitrogen fixing bacteria, spore count of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and per cent root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were studied during flowering. The available magnesium and magnesium uptake were also worked out during harvest. Yield and yield contributing characteristics of cowpea were measured during harvest stage.Result: Magnesium addition produced significant variations in population of rhizobium and free- living nitrogen fixing bacteria whereas spore count of AMF and per cent root colonization of AMF did not vary according to the added doses of magnesium. A higher population of rhizobium, free living nitrogen fixers, root nodules, magnesium uptake, plant height and yield were obtained in the treatment where magnesium was applied @ 10 mg kg-1 soil.

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Agronomical and Environmental Factors Influence Root Colonization, Sporulation and Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi at a Specific Phenological Stage of Banana Trees

Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.3923/ja.2006.11.15 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 11-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M.L. Adriano-Anaya . ◽

F. Solis-Dominguez . ◽

M.E. Gavito-Pardo . ◽

M. Salvador-Figueroa .

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Phenological Stage

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Patterns of root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes across a mostly-unvegetated, high-elevation landscape

Fungal Ecology ◽

10.1016/j.funeco.2018.07.009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 63-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Clifton P. Bueno de Mesquita ◽

Samuel A. Sartwell ◽

Emma V. Ordemann ◽

Dorota L. Porazinska ◽

Emily C. Farrer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

High Elevation ◽

Dark Septate Endophytes

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Co-inoculation with a bacterium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves root colonization, plant mineral nutrition, and plant growth of a Cyperaceae plant in an ultramafic soil

Mycorrhiza ◽

10.1007/s00572-019-00929-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 121-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexandre Bourles ◽

Linda Guentas ◽

César Charvis ◽

Simon Gensous ◽

Clarisse Majorel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mineral Nutrition ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Ultramafic Soil ◽

Plant Mineral Nutrition

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Biodiversity and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Araucaria angustifolia forest

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162007000400010 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 393-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Milene Moreira ◽

Dilmar Baretta ◽

Siu Mui Tsai ◽

Sandra Maria Gomes-da-Costa ◽

Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Araucaria Angustifolia ◽

Forest Sustainability ◽

Shannon’S Diversity Index

Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. is an endangered Brazilian coniferous tree that has been almost exterminated in the native areas because of uncontrolled wood exploitation. This tree has been shown to be highly dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and, therefore, AMF may be essential for forest sustainability and biological diversity. Root colonization, density and diversity of AMF spores were assessed in two Araucaria forest stands at the State Park of Alto Ribeira (PETAR), at two sampling dates: May and October. A comparison was made between a mature native stand composed of Araucaria trees mixed into a variety of tropical trees and shrubs, without any sign of anthropogenic interference (FN) and an Araucaria stand planted in 1987 (R), which has been used as a pasture. Assessments included percent root colonization, AMF spore numbers and species richness, Simpson's dominance index (Is), and Shannon's diversity index (H). Mycorrhizal root colonization did not differ between ecosystems in May. In October, however, the native stand (FN) presented a higher colonization than the planted forest (R), and the root colonization was more intense than in May. When considering both sampling periods and forests, 27 species of AM fungi, with higher numbers of spores in FN than in R were found. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) indicated Shannon's diversity index as the ecological attribute that contributed the most to distinguish between forest ecosystems, with higher value of H in FN in relation to R. CDA showed to be a useful tool for the study of ecological attributes.

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Selection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for sugarcane in four soils with the presence of dark septate endophytes

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v42i1.42477 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e42477 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rosalba Ortega Fors ◽

Orivaldo José Saggin Júnior ◽

Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro ◽

Ricardo Luis Louro Berbara

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dark Septate Endophytes ◽

P Availability ◽

P Nutrition ◽

P Content ◽

Selection Of ◽

Scutellospora Calospora

The present study aimed to select efficient arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for sugarcane growth and P nutrition in four soils that spontaneously contained dark septate endophytes (DSE). The effect of nine AMF isolates was evaluated individually in sugarcane presprouted seedlings (SP81-3250) grown under greenhouse conditions for a 120-day period. The isolates that stimulated plant growth in the soils with low P availability were Acaulospora colombiana (ACOL), Claroideoglomus etunicatum (CETU), Gigaspora margarita (GMAR), Rhizophagus clarus (RCLA) and Scutellospora calospora (SCAL). Compared to the Yellow Argisol, which had the highest P level, the Red-Yellow Argisol, with an intermediate P content, increased plant height. Compared to the other treatments, inoculation with ACOL, RCLA, and SCAL resulted in higher foliar P content in plants grown in soils with high to intermediate P levels. Root colonization by AMF and DSE was verified in the plants, with the coexistence of both fungal groups in the same plant and/or root fragment. However, AMF colonization was low compared to DSE colonization. The cooccurrence of DSE and AMF was higher in the plants inoculated with ACOL, RCLA, SCAL, and Dentiscutata heterogama. ACOL, CETU, GMAR, RCLA, and SCAL are AMF isolates that have the potential to establish a mycorrhizal inoculant for sugarcane that would be effective in several soils.

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Soil pH-induced changes in root colonization, diversity, and reproduction of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from healthy and declining maple forests

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x00-090 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 30 (10) ◽

pp. 1543-1554 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Andrew P Coughlan ◽

Yolande Dalpé ◽

Line Lapointe ◽

Yves Piché

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Acer Saccharum ◽

Sugar Maple ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Taxonomic Diversity ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽

Fungal Community Composition ◽

Spore Population

Acer saccharum Marsh. (sugar maple) is one of only few arbuscular mycorrhizal trees to form extensive stands in northern temperate biomes. Recent maple decline could result from altered intensity and quality of root colonization by associated mycobionts or possible shifts in symbiotic fungal community composition following environmental stresses. In this study the effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of soil acidification, one of several proposed causal stresses underlying forest decline, and remedial liming were investigated under glasshouse conditions. Acer saccharum seedlings were grown in unsterilized, pH altered, forest soils from healthy and declining maple stands. Over a range of treatment pHs normally tolerated by A. saccharum, fungal populations and responses to pH changes differed between the two soils. The declining site with more acidic soil had an initially larger spore population but lower taxonomic diversity than the healthy site. However, liming stimulated sporulation of several taxa initially apparently absent from the declining site spore population. The quantity of colonization generally increased with pH for both sites. Five Glomus taxa and Scutellospora calospora (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker & Sanders are added to the list of fungi known to form arbuscular mycorrhizas with A. saccharum, and the known range of Acaulospora cavernata Blaszkowski is extended from Poland to eastern North America.

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