Pomegranate Peel Extract Polyphenols Attenuate the SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein Binding Ability to ACE2 Receptor: In Silico and In Vitro Studies

Giardiasis is a major diarrheal disease affecting approximately 2.5 million children annually in developing countries. Several studies have reported the resistance of Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) to multiple drugs. Therefore, identifying an effective drug for giardiasis is a necessity. This study examined the antiparasitic effect of Punica granatum (pomegranate) and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy in rats infected with G. lamblia. In vitro study showed high efficacy of pomegranate peel ethanolic extract in killing G. lamblia cysts as demonstrated by eosin vital staining. We showed that treating infected rats with pomegranate extract resulted in a marked reduction in the mean number of G. lamblia cysts and trophozoites in feces and intestine respectively. Interestingly, the number of G. lamblia trophozoites and cysts were significantly lower in the pomegranate extract-treated group compared to the metronidazole-positive control group. Moreover, pomegranate extract treatment significantly induced nitric oxide (NO) and reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α, compared to infected untreated rats. Histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the jejunum and duodenum of pomegranate extract-treated animals confirmed the antiparasitic effect of the extract, and demonstrated the restoration of villi structure with reduction of villi atrophy, decreased infiltration of lymphocytes, and protection of intestinal cells from apoptotic cell death. In conclusion, our data show that the pomegranate peel extract is effective in controlling G. lamblia infections, which suggests that it could be a viable treatment option for giardiasis.

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Effectiveness of a pomegranate peel extract (PGE) in reducing Listeria monocytogenes in vitro and on fresh-cut pear, apple and melon

European Food Research and Technology ◽

10.1007/s00217-020-03529-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 246 (9) ◽

pp. 1765-1772

Author(s):

I. Belgacem ◽

L. Schena ◽

N. Teixidó ◽

F. V. Romeo ◽

G. Ballistreri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Fresh Cut ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

Peel Extract

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Development and Evaluation of a Novel Oral Mucoadhesive Ointment Containing Pomegranate Peel Extract as an Adjuvant for Oral Hygiene of Dogs

Journal of Veterinary Dentistry ◽

10.1177/0898756420973470 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 133-140

Author(s):

Thais M. Silva ◽

Thays C. A. Bolzan ◽

Marcos S. Zanini ◽

Taiana Alencar ◽

Winner D. Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Ointment Formulation ◽

Microbiological Testing ◽

Herbal Therapies ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

Peel Extract

Herbal therapies are used worldwide to treat a variety of health conditions, including dental conditions in veterinary medicine. In this context, the use of medicinal plant-based formulations as potential therapeutics and preventatives in veterinary dentistry is worth highlighting. The objective of the present study was to develop a mucoadhesive ointment formulation, named orabase, that contained pomegranate extract for use in the oral cavity of dogs, with the aim of improving their oral hygiene. The hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate peels was incorporated into the orabase in 3 different concentrations. The formulations were subjected to in vitro microbiological testing by a modified disc-diffusion method to study the susceptibility of microorganisms collected from the oral cavities of the dogs. The samples were taken from the buccal mucosa of dogs having the same management and diet. The most effective formulation was submitted to physicochemical tests to evaluate the functionality of the product, namely pH, swelling index, spreadability, and mechanical properties (hardness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness). The formulation containing 25.0% w/w of the extract was considered most suitable for the intended use as it showed antiseptic activity and demonstrated a swelling index of approximately 35% in the first 20 minutes of the test, high spreadability, and suitable mechanical properties. The results suggest that the product obtained from pomegranate peel extract is a viable option for use to improve oral hygiene, helping to reduce the bacterial component of dental plaque in dogs.

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Effects of Pomegranate Peel (Punica granatum L.) Extract as an Anthelmintic

Journal Of Medicine & Health ◽

10.28932/jmh.v1i5.537 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Monica Amelia ◽

Diana K Jasaputra ◽

Rita Tjokropranoto

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Ascaris Suum ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

Peel Extract ◽

Anthelmintic Effect

Helminths infections caused by Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) are found in manypeople living in developing countries, especially in rural areas. People often use pomegranate asan anthelmintic. The aim of this research is to find out the effects of pomegranate peel (Punicagranatum L.) as an anthelmintic to female Ascaris suum in vitro. The research on the effects ofpomegranate peel extract has been conducted on 900 female Ascaris suum in vitro. Ascaris suumare divided into 5 groups, group I: pomegranate peel extract of dose 25%, group II: pomegranatepeel extract of 50%, group III: pomegranate peel extract of 75%, group IV: 0.9% NaCl as anegative control, and group V is given mebendazole 0.5% as a positive control. The meanpercentage of dead worms in group I is 39%, in group II 61%, while in group III 82%, but itspotential is lower than mebendazole, which kills 100%. The treatment using pomegranate peelextract of 25%, 50% and 75% respectively has significant differences with p < 0.05 againstnegative control (NC) using a 0.9% NaCl. The research concludes that the pomegranate peelextract has an anthelmintic effect against Ascaris suum females in vitro.Keywords: pomegranate peel extract, anthelmintic effect, in vitro

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Phenolic-rich Pomegranate Peel Extract: In Vitro, Cellular, and In Vivo Activities for Skin Hyperpigmentation Treatment

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/a-1170-7785 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 86 (11) ◽

pp. 749-759

Author(s):

Mayuree Kanlayavattanakul ◽

Wichayada Chongnativisit ◽

Puxvadee Chaikul ◽

Nattaya Lourith

Keyword(s):

Sinapic Acid ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Dermal Fibroblasts ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Double Blind ◽

Skin Hyperpigmentation ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

Skin Lightening ◽

Peel Extract

AbstractThe pomegranate phenolics are reported to have cutaneous benefits and to be effective in treating skin disorders, including hyperpigmentation. In this context, a preparation method was developed by which to obtain phenolic-rich pomegranate peel extract. Sinapic acid was presented as the major pomegranate peel phenolics, followed by gallic and ellagic acids, and 4 additional phenolics. The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity with an in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory effect. The skin hyperpigmentation treating potency was confirmed by the suppression of cellular melanogenesis through tyrosinase and TRP-2 inhibitions as examined in the B16F10 melanoma cells. Cellular antioxidant and proliferative activities of the extract toward human dermal fibroblasts were evidenced, as well as an inhibitory effect against MMP-2. The extract was developed into the stable serum and mask. The products were proved to be non-irritated in 30 Thai volunteers participating in a single application closed patch test. A split-face, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled test of the skin lightening effect was evaluated in the 30 volunteers over 28 consecutive daily treatments and monitored by the Mexameter MX 18. The active serum and mask were better in facial skin lightening efficacy than the placebo (p < 0.005). That was in accordance with the sensory evaluation scored by the volunteers. Phenolic-rich pomegranate peel extract is evidenced as a safe herbal derived material promising for skin hyperpigmentation treatment. Supportive information regarding chemical and biological profiles is presented with the confirmed safety and cutaneous benefits in volunteers.

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Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties of Pomegranate Peel Extract Against Streptococcus Mutans And Lactobacillus - An In Vitro Study

International Dental & Medical Journal of Advanced Research - VOLUME 2015 ◽

10.15713/ins.idmjar.88 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Sanket Kunte ◽

Nikita Kadam ◽

Alok Patel ◽

Preetam Shah ◽

Rahul Lodaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

Peel Extract

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Evaluation of a Pomegranate Peel Extract as an Alternative Means to Control Olive Anthracnose

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-04-17-0133-r ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 107 (12) ◽

pp. 1462-1467 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sonia Pangallo ◽

Maria G. Li Destri Nicosia ◽

Giovanni E. Agosteo ◽

Ahmed Abdelfattah ◽

Flora V. Romeo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Field Trials ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

Olive Fruit ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

Peel Extract

Olive anthracnose is caused by different species of Colletotrichum spp. and may be regarded as the most damaging disease of olive fruit worldwide, greatly affecting quality and quantity of the productions. A pomegranate peel extract (PGE) proved very effective in controlling the disease. The extract had a strong in vitro fungicidal activity against Colletotrichum acutatum sensu stricto, was very effective in both preventive and curative trials with artificially inoculated fruit, and induced resistance in treated olive tissues. In field trials, PGE was significantly more effective than copper, which is traditionally used to control the disease. The highest level of protection was achieved by applying the extract in the early ascending phase of the disease outbreaks because natural rots were completely inhibited with PGE at 12 g/liter and were reduced by 98.6 and by 93.0% on plants treated with PGE at 6 and 3 g/liter, respectively. Two treatments carried out 30 and 15 days before the expected epidemic outbreak reduced the incidence of the disease by 77.6, 57.0, and 51.8%, depending on the PGE concentration. The analysis of epiphytic populations showed a strong antimicrobial activity of PGE, which sharply reduced both fungal and bacterial populations. Because PGE was obtained from a natural matrix using safe chemicals and did not have any apparent phytotoxic effect on treated olive fruit, it may be regarded as a safe and effective natural antifungal preparation to control olive anthracnose and improve olive productions.

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Phenolic and Flavonoids Analysis of Pomegranate Peel Extracts and their Antiniflammatory and Antioxidant Activities

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.10.1.9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Qabaha K. ◽

Al-Rimawi F ◽

Nusseibeh S. ◽

Abbadi J J. ◽

Abu-Lafi S.

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Radical Scavenging Ability ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

Peel Extract

An in-vitro evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of pomegranate peel extract from Palestine were investigated. In parallel, the total phenolic content (TPC) and the total flavonoids content (TFC) were measured. The antioxidant activities were determined spectrophotometrically by DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC and the ABTS methods. The phenolic and flavonoid contents were separated and partially identified using HPLC and LC-MS. In-vitro inhibitory effect of the extract on production of Interlukin-6 (Il-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) by Lipopolysacaride (LPS)-induced polymorphonuclear Cells (PMNCs) was evaluated. Pomegranate peel extract was found to have strong antiinflamatory activity as revealed by the reduction in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-alfa. It was also found that it is rich in phenoloic and flavonoids that enhanced its reducing activity and free radical scavenging ability.

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In vitro anti-adenoviral activities of ethanol extract, fractions, and main phenolic compounds of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel

Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1177/2040206620916571 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 204020662091657

Author(s):

Ali Karimi ◽

Mohammad-Taghi Moradi ◽

Mohammad Rabiei ◽

Somayeh Alidadi

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Virus Replication ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Butanol Fraction ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

Peel Extract

Background Adenovirus causes a number of diseases in human, and can cause serious infection in severely immunosuppressed individuals. Despite the seriousness of adenovirus infection, there is no definitely approved anti-adenoviral therapy. Many studies have shown that compounds derived from medicinal plants have antiviral activity. Therefore, this study evaluated in vitro anti-adenoviral activity of ethanol extract, fractions, and main phenolic compounds of pomegranate peel. Methods The ethanol extract of pomegranate peel was prepared with maceration method and fractionated by consecutive liquid/liquid partition. The cytotoxic and anti-adenovirus activities of the extract, fractions, and main phenolic compounds (ellagic acid, punicalagin and gallic acid) were evaluated on Hep-2 cell line using MTT assay. Inhibitory effect on adsorption and post-adsorption phases of the virus replication cycle was also evaluated. Results Pomegranate peel extract had a desirable effect against adenovirus with IC50 of 5.77 µg/mL and selectivity index of 49.9. Among the fractions and compounds, the n-butanol fraction and gallic acid had the highest anti-adenoviral activity with IC50 of 2.16 µg/mL and 4.67 µM and selectivity indices of 122.5 and 10.5, respectively. The crude extract, n-butanol fraction and gallic acid inhibited the virus replication in post-adsorption phase ( p < 0.01). Conclusion Pomegranate peel extract, especially its n-butanol fraction, could serve as a new promising anti-adenovirus agent due to high inhibitory effect against adenovirus replication. The effect of the n-butanol fraction may be related to the synergistic effect or other compounds of this fraction. Further understanding of the bioassay guided isolation of natural compounds of this fraction seems essential.

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