scholarly journals An examination of the factor structure of the Goldfarb Fear of Fat Scale in clinical and non-clinical samples of Polish women

Body Image ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Hanna Przybyła-Basista ◽  
Krystyna Buszman ◽  
Maria Flakus
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary P. Brown

Aversion to risk is a prominent factor in transdiagnostic theories of emotional problems, and it is included as an element in the research domain criteria. There is a plethora of risk scales across different domains, but most of these have notable shortcomings or are not suited for use in mental health research. The present study describes the development of the Risk Orientation Scale. Content was drawn from previous risk scales and separate classifications of risk. The factor structure of the ROS was derived in a clinically relevant sample and confirmed in two other independent non-clinical samples. The final 15-item ROS was found to have an adequate three-factor structure across clinical, general population and undergraduate student samples. Total and subscale scores covaried in the predicted direction with measures of risk taking behavior, underlying orientation towards reward and punishment, and clinical anxiety-relevant measures that have been theoretically linked to risk. The findings on the ROS thus support the idea that aversion to risk is a process that underlies anxiety disorders. The ROS can provide a brief and valid measure of this in both clinical and non-clinical populations. As it provides risk orientation towards specific domains, it can potentially aid in guiding clinicians in targeting important underlying mechanism in the treatment of anxiety disorders.


1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1235-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Steer ◽  
Brian F. Shaw ◽  
Aaron T. Beck ◽  
Eric W. Fine

The Beck Depression Inventory was self-administered to 103 black men receiving outpatient treatment for alcoholism, and scores were subjected to factor analyses using a maximum-likelihood solution. Three meaningful oblique dimensions were identified as Cognitive-affective Impairment, Retarded Depression, and Escapism. The factor structure of the black alcoholic men was descriptively compared to those previously reported for racially heterogeneous alcoholic patients and for primarily depressed patients; the factors of depression for the black alcoholic men were comparable to those described for the other two clinical samples.


2015 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 170-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gioia Bottesi ◽  
Marta Ghisi ◽  
Gianmarco Altoè ◽  
Erica Conforti ◽  
Gabriele Melli ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 996-996
Author(s):  
Carvalho J ◽  
Springate B

Abstract Objective The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status is a commonly used screen of neuropsychological performance (RBANS). A 5-factor structure is used when scoring this measure, revealing 5 composite scores that are used in clinical diagnosis (Immediate Memory; Visuospatial/Constructional; Language; Attention; Delayed Memory). This structure has been supported in a sample of older adults with cognitive impairment. However, a 5-factor structure has not been consistently observed. Rather, in a sample of veterans, a 2-factor solution was noted, as was in a large exploration of past RBANS studies. We explored the factor structure of the RBANS in a sample of patients with Huntington’s Disease (HD). Method Participants were 147 patients with HD who presented to an outpatient HD clinic at UConn Health Center, Mage = 46.75, SD = 13.35; Meducation = 13.87, SD = 2.63. Results Exploratory principal component factor analysis with direct Oblimin rotation was conducted. A 2-component structure was found with eigenvalues > 1 (65.1% variance). Contrary to expectations from other clinical samples, we did not find the traditional 5-factor solution. Rather, results revealed a 2-factor solution. Factor loadings generally are comprised of visually-loaded (Figure Copy, Line Orientation, Picture Naming, Figure Recall) versus non-visually-loaded tasks. Conclusions Results revealed a 2-factor structure of the RBANS in a sample of patients with HD, contrary to the traditional 5-factor solution typically derived into composite scores with this measure. Our findings suggest that HD patients may not perform on the RBANS in a traditional manner. Thus, clinicians evaluating HD patients should exercise caution when using composite scores when considering patient performance on this measure.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiongqiong Wu ◽  
Jiayue He ◽  
Shulin Fang ◽  
Panwen Zhang ◽  
Xingwei Luo ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Anhedonia is experienced as a symptom of a number of mental disorders including major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophreniaand schizotypal personality disorder, and schizophrenia (as a negative symptom). The Revised Physical Anhedonia Scale (RPAS) and the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS) have been applied in clinical and non-clinical samples since 1980s. However, the factor structure of the RPAS has not been determined and the structure of the RSAS remains controversial. The construct of a unified RPAS&RSAS has never been explored. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to examine the factor structure of the RPAS, the RSAS and the unified RPAS&RSAS.Methods: The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the RPAS and the RSAS were determined in a sample of 3,435 Chinese young adults. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were each conducted in halves of the sample to reveal the constructs of the RPAS and the RSAS. CFA was used to evaluate first- and second-order models for the unified RPAS&RSAS .Results: The psychometric robustness of the RPAS and the RSAS were confirmed by high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.884, 0.835) and test-retest reliablity (r = 0.572, 0.602) values. EFA and CFA indicated 2-factor structures for both scales, with the factors being defined as anticipatory physical/social anhedonia and consummatory physical/social anhedonia. The second-order model of the unified RPAS&RSAS had satisfactory fit index values (CFI=0.901, RMSEA=0.055).Conclusions: The unified simplified Chinese RPAS&RSAS can be used to assess anhedonia in young adults. A novel second-order structure of anhedonia was revealed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-502
Author(s):  
Axel Baptista ◽  
Charlotte Soumet-Leman ◽  
Arnauld Visinet ◽  
Roland Jouvent

AbstractBackground:The short form of the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30) is a brief multi-dimensional measure which explores the metacognitive processes and beliefs about worry and cognition that are central to the vulnerability and maintenance of emotional disorders.Aims:The first aim of the study was to create and validate a French version of the MCQ-30 in a non-clinical and a clinical sample of depressed in-patients.Method:A French adaptation of the MCQ-30 was administered to a sample of 467 individuals from the general population and 73 hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder. Internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients. Factor structure was assessed using a confirmatory factor analysis on the non-clinical group and a multi-trait–multi-method analysis on the psychiatric group. Criterion validity was explored by comparing the scores of the two samples. Measures of rumination, worry and depression were used to explore convergent validity.Results:Confirmatory factor analysis in the non-clinical sample indicated that the French version of the MCQ-30 has the same factor structure as the MCQ-30’s original five-factor solution. In the clinical sample, the multi-trait–multi-method analysis revealed discrepancies with the original factor structure, and the MCQ-30 and its subscales were less reliable. Our results provide evidence of a convergent validity. The MCQ-30 scores were also able to discriminate between psychiatric and non-clinical samples.Conclusions:Our results show that the French version of the MCQ-30 is a valid instrument for measuring metacognitive beliefs in non-clinical population. Further research is needed to support its use among depressed in-patients.


2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S416-S416 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Xavier ◽  
M. João Martins ◽  
A.T. Pereira ◽  
A. Paula Amaral ◽  
M. João Soares ◽  
...  

IntroductionThe Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales are widely used in clinical and non-clinical populations, both in research and clinical settings. The need for briefer but valid and reliable instruments has motivated the reduction of the original 42-item scale to a short 21-version. On Portuguese samples, Pais-Ribeiro et al. (2004) found that the original 3-factor solution (stress, anxiety and depression) explained 50.35% of the variance and in an exploratory analysis; Xavier et al. (2015) presented a two factor solution and a modified three-factor solution with a sample of pregnant women, both with adequate factors’ reliability (< 0.70) and explaining above 50% of the variance.AimsBased on the previous results of factor analysis with Portuguese samples, the present study aimed to perform confirmatory factor analyses (using Mplus software) to evaluate which dimensional structure best fitted the data.MethodsThe sample comprised 234 students (78.2% female), between 18–26 years old (M = 20.55; SD = 1.66). Eighty-five percent of the participants were on their first three years of college education. Participants filled the Portuguese version of the DASS-21.ResultsOur results showed that the original 3-factor structure had the best model fit [χ2(186) = 475.465, P < 0.05; RMSEA = 0.082, 90% CI = 0.073–0.091; CFI = 0.918; TLI = 0.908; SRMR = 0.05]. Good reliability was found for all subscales (0.92 for stress, 0.87 for anxiety and 0.91 for depression subscale).ConclusionsThe DASS-21 is a reliable instrument that, with student populations, seems to have better performance when used with a 3-factor structure. Further research is needed to confirm this structure in Portuguese clinical samples.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Elhami Athar ◽  
Ali Ebrahimi

Abstract Background The Personality Inventory for DSM–5, Brief Form (PID-5-BF) was developed to assess the DSM-5's alternative trait model for diagnosing personality disorders. Psychometric properties of PID-5-BF have been verified in some Western countries, but to our knowledge, no study has examined the psychometrics of PID-5-BF in Iranian settings. This is the first study designed to examine the factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent/discriminate validity of the Persian PID-5-BF with student and clinical samples in Iran. Methods 378 university students (n = 378; M-age = 16.35; 55.6 % females) and 150 clinical patients (n = 150; M-age = 43.81; 58.7 % men) completed the Persian version of the PID-5-BF and NEO-FFI. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were performed to examine the five-factor model of PID-5-BF. Also, internal consistency and external validity of PID-5-BF were calculated. Results Confirmatory factor analysis supported the proposed five-factor model of PID-5-BF in both groups. The Chronbach's alpha coefficient ranged from .57 (Disinhibition) to .65 (Psychoticism) for the student sample and from .48 (Antagonism) to .67 (Detachment) for the clinical sample, while when relying on the MIC values, the PID-5-BF subscales indicated acceptable internal consistency in both groups. PID-BF-5 significantly differentiated the clinical sample from the student sample (p < .001), indicating the measure's adequate discriminate validity. Additionally, PID-5-BF subscales yielded hypothesized association with the external criterion variable in only the student sample. Conclusion Our results support the use of the PID-5-BF as a screening measure of dimensional maladaptive personality traits in Iranian samples. However, future studies are needed to examine the convergent validity of PID-5-BF in Iranian clinical samples with suitable external criterion measures.


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