Children with autism spectrum disorder comorbid with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder examined by the Wisconsin card sorting test: Analysis by age-related differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Kado ◽  
Satoshi Sanada ◽  
Shigeru Oono ◽  
Tatsuya Ogino ◽  
Shin Nouno
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

scholarly journals The set-shifting profiles of anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1809-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Westwood ◽  
D. Stahl ◽  
W. Mandy ◽  
K. Tchanturia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

Difficulties in set-shifting are commonly reported in both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anorexia nervosa (AN) populations. Despite this, it is not known whether this cognitive profile persists across different ages, or whether the profiles seen in ASD and AN are comparable. This systematic review and meta-analyses aimed to compare the set-shifting profiles, as measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in adults and younger people with either ASD or AN, relative to healthy controls (HCs) and to statistically compare performance on the WCST between ASD and AN. In all, 24 studies on ASD and 22 studies on AN were identified. In ASD, there were significant differences between the clinical group and HCs, with the ASD group making significantly more perseverative errors, indicating greater difficulty in set-shifting [pooled effect size ofd= 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.81,p⩽ 0.001]. This effect was consistent across the age span. For AN studies, there was a significant difference between adults with AN and HCs (d= 0.52, 95% CI 0.36–0.68,p⩽ 0.001) but a non-significant effect in child studies (d= 0.25, 95% CI −0.05 to 0.55,z= 1.66,p= 0.096). Meta-regression indicated no effect of diagnosis (AN or ASD) on performance in adult studies but there was a non-significant trend (p= 0.053) towards children with ASD performing worse than children with AN. While difficulties with set-shifting appear to be stable in ASD, there may be differences between children and adults with AN, which warrant further investigation.

The impacts of physical activity intervention on physical and cognitive outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Yu Pan ◽  
Chia-Hua Chu ◽  
Chia-Liang Tsai ◽  
Ming-Chih Sung ◽  
Chu-Yang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

This study examined the effects of a 12-week physical activity intervention on the motor skill proficiency and executive function of 22 boys (aged 9.08 ± 1.75 years) with autism spectrum disorder. In Phase I of the 12 weeks, 11 boys with autism spectrum disorder (Group A) received the intervention, whereas the other 11 boys with autism spectrum disorder (Group B) did not (true control, no intervention). The arrangement was reversed in Phase II, which lasted an additional 12 weeks. The Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were conducted three times for each participant (Group A, primary grouping: baseline (T1), post-assessment (T2), and follow-up assessment (T3); Group B, control grouping: T1−T2; intervention condition, T2−T3). The main findings were that both groups of children with autism spectrum disorder significantly exhibited improvements in motor skill proficiency (the total motor composite and two motor-area composites) and executive function (three indices of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) after 12 weeks of physical activity intervention. In addition, the effectiveness appeared to have been sustained for at least 12 weeks in Group A. The findings provide supporting evidence that physical activity interventions involving table tennis training may be a viable therapeutic option for treating children with autism spectrum disorder.

Examination of age-related deficits on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathanael M. Fristoe ◽  
Timothy A. Salthouse ◽  
John L. Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test
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