Racial/ethnic and sex differences in young adult malignant brain tumor incidence by histologic type

Oviductal environment affects preparation of gametes for fertilization, fertilization itself, and subsequent embryonic development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oviductal fluid and the possible involvement of deleted in malignant brain tumor 1 (DMBT1) on IVF in porcine and equine species that represent divergent IVF models. We first performed IVF after pre-incubation of oocytes with or without oviductal fluid supplemented or not with antibodies directed against DMBT1. We showed that oviductal fluid induces an increase in the monospermic fertilization rate and that this effect is canceled by the addition of antibodies, in both porcine and equine species. Moreover, pre-incubation of oocytes with recombinant DMBT1 induces an increase in the monospermic fertilization rate in the pig, confirming an involvement of DMBT1 in the fertilization process. The presence of DMBT1 in the oviduct at different stages of the estrus cycle was shown by western blot and confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis of ampulla and isthmus regions. The presence of DMBT1 in cumulus–oocyte complexes was shown by western blot analysis, and the localization of DMBT1 in the zona pellucida and cytoplasm of equine and porcine oocytes was observed using immunofluorescence analysis and confocal microscopy. Moreover, we showed an interaction between DMBT1 and porcine spermatozoa using surface plasmon resonance studies. Finally, a bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis allowed us to identify the DMBT1 protein as well as a DMBT1-like protein in several mammals. Our results strongly suggest an important role of DMBT1 in the process of fertilization.

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The Association of Human Herpesviruses with Malignant Brain Tumor Pathology and Therapy: Two Sides of a Coin

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052250 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2250

Author(s):

Evita Athanasiou ◽

Antonios N. Gargalionis ◽

Fotini Boufidou ◽

Athanassios Tsakris

Keyword(s):

Brain Tumor ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Tumor Development ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Malignant Brain Tumor ◽

Direct Role ◽

Tumor Pathology ◽

Human Herpesviruses

The role of certain viruses in malignant brain tumor development remains controversial. Experimental data demonstrate that human herpesviruses (HHVs), particularly cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), are implicated in brain tumor pathology, although their direct role has not yet been proven. CMV is present in most gliomas and medulloblastomas and is known to facilitate oncomodulation and/or immunomodulation, thus promoting cancer cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. EBV and HHV-6 have also been detected in brain tumors and high-grade gliomas, showing high rates of expression and an inflammatory potential. On the other hand, due to the neurotropic nature of HHVs, novel studies have highlighted the engagement of such viruses in the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches in the context of oncolytic viral treatment and vaccine-based strategies against brain tumors. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of recent scientific data concerning the emerging dual role of HHVs in malignant brain pathology, either as potential causative agents or as immunotherapeutic tools in the fight against these devastating diseases.

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Glioma with Leptomeningeal Spread Mimics Chronic Meningoencephalitis in a Young Adult

Case Reports in Neurology ◽

10.1159/000513562 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 179-183

Author(s):

Ann-Kristin Becker ◽

Marta Leonora Frank ◽

Michael Friese ◽

Joachim Röther

Keyword(s):

Brain Tumor ◽

Back Pain ◽

Young Adult ◽

Lower Back Pain ◽

Low Grade Glioma ◽

Low Grade ◽

Who Grade ◽

Leptomeningeal Spread ◽

Lower Back ◽

Uncommon Case

The most malignant type of intrinsic brain tumor is glioblastoma (WHO grade IV). Primary leptomeningeal spread is rare and leads to a variety of differential considerations, as there is no typical clinical or imaging pattern. Here we present a rare and uncommon case of a primary leptomeningeal glioblastoma in combination with a low-grade glioma in a 21-year-old male, initially presenting with only headache and lower back pain. The presented case illustrates the challenging differential considerations and the severe course of leptomeningeal glioblastomas.

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Deleted in malignant brain tumor 1 genetic variation confers urinary tract infection risk in children and mice

Clinical and Translational Medicine ◽

10.1002/ctm2.477 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

Author(s):

David S. Hains ◽

Shamik Polley ◽

Dong Liang ◽

Vijay Saxena ◽

Samuel Arregui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Brain Tumor ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Infection Risk ◽

Malignant Brain Tumor

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Numbers of granulocytes in thymic imprints of rabbits of different ages and degrees of coccidial parasitism

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z69-210 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 1355-1362

Author(s):

Jean E. Mills Westermann ◽

Vibeke E. Engelbert

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Young Adult ◽

Normal Adult ◽

Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽

Different Ages ◽

Blood Eosinophils

Counts of granulocytes were performed on thymic imprints from normal rabbits 3 days old, 2–3 weeks old, and young adults, and from young adult rabbits mildly and severely parasitized with coccidiosis. Analyses of percentages of eosinophils, heterophils, and basophils indicated no sex differences. Comparisons of relative numbers of granulocytes in normal rabbits showed that young adult rabbits possessed more eosinophils and fewer basophils than the younger groups (no differences in heterophils); 3-day-old rabbits had more eosinophils than the 2-to 3-week animals (no differences in heterophils and basophils). No differences in relative numbers of the various granulocytes were found in the mildly and severely parasitized rabbits, but there was a decrease in eosinophils in the parasitized rabbits when compared with the young normal adult rabbits. Eosinophilic leukocytes were divided into two groups: the mononuclear "tissue" line and the lobated "blood" line of development. In the 3-day-old rabbits about 95% of eosinophils were of the lobed variety but in the older normal rabbits, the two developmental lines were about equal in numbers. When compared with the normal young adult rabbits, parasitized rabbits have increased percentages of "blood" eosinophils as a result of greater numbers of band and polymorphonuclear cells.

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