scholarly journals Contribution of physical and anthropogenic factors to gully erosion initiation

CATENA ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 105925
Author(s):  
Omid Rahmati ◽  
Zahra Kalantari ◽  
Carla Sofia Ferreira ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Seyed Masoud Soleimanpour ◽  
...  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Iheme O.K ◽  
Okoye V.U. ◽  
Chinwuko A.I. ◽  
Usman A.O. ◽  
Ejeke C.F. ◽  
...  

The evaluation of geotechnical properties of rock materials is used to ascertain the environmental factor that necessitated gully erosion in Orlu and its environs, Imo State, Nigeria. The study is aimed at geotechnically defining the characteristics, causes and formation of the gully erosion with particular emphasis on the current land degradation in the study area. Data used in the study were derived from field measurements, and laboratory analysis. Gully variables such as length, depth and widths were also determined. The result of the geological mapping revealed that there are three geologic formations encountered in the study area namely; Ameki, Ogwashi Asaba, and Benin Formations. The result of the field studies shows that 27% of the gullies observed occur in Ameki Formation while no gully was discovered in Ogwashi Asaba formation. The grain size distribution curves interpretation revealed that 80% (by weight) of the soils are medium to coarse grained sand and fine gravels, while the remaining 18% and 2% are for fine grained sand and coarse grained silt. The Atterberg Limit Test interpretation shows that the plasticity index of the formations ranges from 24.83% to 48.42%. Based on the results of the geotechnical properties of rock materials in the study area, the factors responsible for gullies occurrence in the study area were identified as topography, rainfall, geology, and anthropogenic factors. The devastating effects of gully erosion in the study area were observed to include loss of about 22km2 of arable lands; 2 major and 6 minor road failures; loss of many houses and other infrastructures; pollution of surface and underground water. Finally, it is recommended that the appropriate authorities, individuals and all stakeholders in the environmental protection agency should develop ideas in environment watch towards gully erosion control.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Getahun Hassen ◽  
Amare Bantider

AbstractGlobally erosion has been considered as an environmental and agricultural problem since the first agricultural revolution. In Ethiopia gully erosion has been recorded as a very serious and common socio-economic and environmental problem of several watersheds. Therefore, the objective of this research was to assess the drivers, dynamics and impacts of gully erosion in case of Tabota Koromo and Koromo Danshe watersheds, South-Central Ethiopia. The intended objectives were achieved by triangulating the image analysis with the data obtained from GPS, group discussion, interview, house hold survey, field observation and field measurement. The result of the study indicated that gully erosion was initiated in the steep slope following the 1970s and 1980s land cover change and other anthropogenic factors. In addition, the soil properties and steep slope (gravity) of the land have contributed in exacerbating the problems. Gully erosion caused physical, social and economic impacts in the area. According to the participants on group discussion and interview, the socio-economic impacts of gully erosion were loss of life for a 12 year boy, injuries of five live stocks, and decline of yields throughout the year. Result from field measurement and observation depicted that loss of soil (1,080,782.6m3) and loss of biodiversity are the major physical impacts of gully erosion. Yet there are promising conditions to rehabilitate the gullied area for sustainable ecosystem services in the watersheds. These promising conditions are the availability of high labour forces, access of transportation, civic societies working on natural resource conservation and the green economy development policy of the country. Therefore, concerned government bodies and the local communities at different level need to set plan and work for implementation in a way to use the existing opportunities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Yerkebulan Khalykov ◽  
Yuisya Lyy ◽  
Edil Sarybaev ◽  
Maulen Togys ◽  
Saule Uksukbayeva ◽  
...  

In the article the results of field and laboratory researches of gully erosion in the mountains of Zhetysu Alatau of south-east Kazakhstan are considered. Mountain ridge Malaisary was chosen for study of gully erosion. Malaisary ridge is the western ridge of Zhetysu Alatau mountains in the south-east Kazakhstan. Foothills and plain territories of southeast Kazakhstan are characterized by favorable conditions for the development of erosion processes. There was conducted stationary monitoring (yearly in October from 2013 to 2018) of gully erosion development on the Malaisary ridge from 2013 to 2018. Most of gullies of studied ridge show development in the top part and extend in the width mainly due to fluvial processes. There were studied the natural-anthropogenic factors influencing development of gully erosion; the morphometric characteristic received using the modern devices and satellite images are provided. The determined factors of development of gullies on Malaisary ridge are mechanical substratum composition, atmospheric precipitation (spring runoff, summer rainfalls), steepness and length of the slopes. The received materials allow concluding that gully erosion is the most active factor of the ridge relief transformation. Intensive gully erosion development increases ecological tension of natural-anthropogenic environment in the region. Growth of gully net and its active development deteriorates quality of agricultural lands and create threat to road objects and residential area infrastructure in the region.


2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
A. P. Korzh ◽  
T. V. Zahovalko

Recently, the number of published works devoted to the processes of synanthropization of fauna, is growing like an avalanche, which indicates the extreme urgency of this theme. In our view, the process of forming devices to coexist with human and the results of his life reflects the general tandency of the modern nature evolution. Urbanization is characteristic for such a specific group of animals like amphibians, the evidence of which are numerous literature data. Many researchers use this group to assess the bioindicative quality of the environment. For this aim a variety of indicators are used: from the cellular level of life of organization up to the species composition of the group in different territories. At the same time, the interpretation of the results is not always comparable for different areas and often have significantly different interpretations by experts. Urban environment, primarily due to the contamination is extremely aggressive to amphibians. As a consequence, the urban populations of amphibians may be a change in the demographic structure, affecting the reproductive ability of the population, the disappearance of the most sensitive species or individuals, resizing animals, the appearance of abnormalities in the development, etc. At the same time play an important amphibians in the ecosystems of cities, and some species in these conditions even feel relatively comfortable. Therefore, it is interesting to understand the mechanisms of self-sustaining populations of amphibians in urban environments. To assess the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the development of amphibian populations were used cognitive modeling using the program Vensim PLE. Cognitive map of the model for urban and suburban habitat conditions were the same. The differences concerned the strength of connections between individual factors (migration, fertility, pollution) and their orientation. In general, factors like pollution, parasites, predators had negative impact on the population, reducing its number. The birth rate, food and migration contributed to raising number of individuals. Some of the factors affected on the strength to of each other as well: the majority of the factors affected the structure of the population, had an influence on the fertility. Thanks to it the model reflects the additive effect of complex of factors on the subsequent status of the population. Proposed and analyzed four scenarios differing strength and duration of exposure. In the first scenario, a one-time contamination occurs and not subsequently repeated. The second and third scenario assumes half board contamination, 1 year (2 scenario) and two years (scenario 3). In the fourth scenario, the pollution affected the population of amphibians constantly. In accordance with the results of simulation, much weaker than the natural populations respond to pollution - have them as an intensive population growth and its disappearance at constant pollution is slow. Changes to other parameters of the model showed that this pollution is the decisive factor -only the constant action leads to a lethal outcome for the populations. All other components of the model have a corrective effect on the population dynamics, without changing its underlying trand. In urban areas due to the heavy impact of pollution maintaining the population is only possible thanks to the migration process – the constant replenishment of diminishing micropopulations of natural reserves. This confirms the assumption that the form of existence metapopulations lake frog in the city. In order to maintain the number of amphibians in urban areas at a high level it is necessary to maintain existing migration routes and the creation of new ones. Insular nature of the placement of suitable habitats in urban areas causes the metapopulation structure of the types of urbanists. Therefore, the process of urbanization is much easier for those species whicht are capable of migration in conditions of city. In the initial stages of settling the city micropopulationis formed by selective mortality of the most susceptible individuals to adverse effects. In future, maintaining the categories of individuals is provided mainly due to migration processes metapopulisation form of the species of existence is supported). It should be noted that the changes in the previous levels are always saved in future. In the case of reorganizations of individuals we of morphology can assume the existence of extremely adverse environmental conditions that threaten the extinction of the micropopulations. 


Author(s):  
Aliyev Z.H.

In recent years, sharp changes have occurred in the state of sloping lands of Azerbaijan. There was tension from the influence of the anthropogenic factors on the mountain slopes. The fact that the erosion process is rein-forced in the research site. Due to lack of agrotechnical measures on the slopes erosion process has been strength-ened, soil flooded with soil, physical and chemical properties of the soil have deteriorated, nutritional elements are reduced, vegetation is reduced and destruction limit. For some reason, the purpose of the research was Aqsu, two land cuts were set up to determine the degree of actual erosion in the Qizmeydan village. prevent erosion intensity, take preventive measures to take and implement appropriate measures.


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