Mixed oxides of Ca, Mg and Zn as heterogeneous base catalysts for the synthesis of palm kernel oil methyl esters

2013 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 616-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasipim Limmanee ◽  
Thikumporn Naree ◽  
Kunchana Bunyakiat ◽  
Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Heterogeneous Base

Lipase-catalysed production of biodiesel fuel from some Nigerian lauric oils

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Abigor ◽  
P. O. Uadia ◽  
T. A. Foglia ◽  
M. J. Haas ◽  
K. C. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Point ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Alkyl Esters ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

Fatty acids esters were produced from two Nigerian lauric oils, palm kernel oil and coconut oil, by transesterification of the oils with different alcohols using PS30 lipase as a catalyst. In the conversion of palm kernel oil to alkyl esters (biodiesel), ethanol gave the highest conversion of 72%, t-butanol 62%, 1-butanol 42%, n-propanol 42% and iso-propanol 24%, while only 15% methyl ester was observed with methanol. With coconut oil, 1-butanol and iso-butanol achieved 40% conversion, 1-propanol 16% and ethanol 35%, while only traces of methyl esters were observed using methanol. Studies on some fuel properties of palm kernel oil and its biodiesel showed that palm kernel oil had a viscosity of 32.40 mm2/s, a cloud point of 28°C and a pour point of 22°C, while its biodiesel fuel had a viscosity of 9.33 mm2/s, a cloud point of 12°C and a pour point of 8°C. Coconut oil had a viscosity of 28.58 mm2/s, a cloud point of 27°C and a pour point of 20°C, while its biodiesel fuel had a viscosity of 7.34 mm2/s, a cloud point of 5°C and a pour point of - 8°C. Some of the fuel properties compared favourably with international biodiesel specifications.

Ca and Zn mixed oxide as a heterogeneous base catalyst for transesterification of palm kernel oil

2008 ◽  
Vol 341 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai ◽  
Prangsinan Totarat ◽  
Kunchana Bunyakiat
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Oxide ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Heterogeneous Base Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Base

Kinetics Studies of Epoxidation and Oxirane Cleavage-Epoxidized Palm Kernel Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-240
Author(s):  
Mohd Jumain Jalil ◽  
Aliff Farhan Mohd Yamin ◽  
Mohd Saufi Md Zaini ◽  
Veronique Gloria V. Siduru ◽  
Norhashimah Morad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
Kinetic Rate ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kinetics Studies ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Oxirane Cleavage

Background: Studies pertaining to the epoxidation of fatty acids, garnered much interest in recent years due to the rising demand of eco-friendly epoxides derived from vegetable oils. Methods: Epoxide is an important chemical precursor for the production of alcohols, glycols and polymers, like polyesters and epoxy resin. Epoxidation is the name given to the reaction when the double bonds are converted into epoxide. Results: Temperature at 55oC was used as a reference material in the epoxide process, as it produces a high yield epoxide being 88%. The kinetic rate of epoxidized palm kernel oil, k was obtained to be k11= 0.5125, k12= 0.05045, k21= 0.03185, k41= 0.01 and k51= 0.01243. Conclusion: Hence, by fitting the result with the experimental work and simulation, the summation of error being stimulated by I-sight simulation was 0.731116428 and the correlation between the experimental and simulation data was 0.925544.

scholarly journals Production of biolubricant samples from palm kernel oil using different chemical modification approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel O. Egbuna ◽  
Ukeh J. Nwachukwu ◽  
Chinedu M. Agu ◽  
Christain O. Asadu ◽  
Bernard Okolo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

Stability of whippable oil-in-water emulsions: Effect of monoglycerides on crystallization of palm kernel oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 1738-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merete B. Munk ◽  
Alejandro G. Marangoni ◽  
Hanne K. Ludvigsen ◽  
Viggo Norn ◽  
Jes C. Knudsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Oil In Water
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