Leah Katherine Hicks Manning (1917–1979), a Shoshone-Paiute, was instrumental in the development of the Indian Child Welfare Act. She worked for the Bureau of Indian Affairs and promoted a better understanding of American Indian families and culture among social workers.
The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1979 changes the legal relationships between American Indian tribes and the states in child welfare matters, giving legal sanction to childcare patterns of native culture, particularly to the extended family and tribal courts.